Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications and Their Fascinating Attributes.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (331 pages)
- Development and Prospective Applications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Series ; v.2 .
- Development and Prospective Applications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Series .
Intro -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Nanomaterials and Environmental Remediation: A Fundamental Overview -- Kalsoom Akhtar1, Shahid Ali Khan2,3,4, Sher Bahadar Khan2,3,* and Abdullah M. Asiri2,3 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NANOMATERIALS -- 3. ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS -- 4. NANOMATERIALS BASED PROCESSES FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT -- 4.1. Adsorption Based Environmental Remediation -- 4.1.1. Different Nanomaterials Used as Adsorbent -- 4.2. Chemical Degradation Based Environmental Remediation -- 4.2.1. Ozone/UV Radiation/H2O2 oxidation: -- 4.2.2. Supercritical Water Oxidation -- 4.2.3. Fenton Method -- 4.2.4. Sonochemical Degradation -- 4.2.5. Electrochemical Method -- 4.2.6. Electron Beam Process -- 4.2.7. Solvated Electron Reduction -- 4.2.8. Enzymatic Treatment Methods -- 4.2.9. Photocatalytic Degradation -- 4.2.10. Zero Valent Metal Nanoparticles -- 4.3. Kinetics for the Reduction of Nitrophenols -- 4.3.1. Pseudo-first-order Kinetic Equation -- 4.3.2. Kinetic Control vs. Diffusion Control -- 4.3.3. Langmuir-Hinshelwood Analysis -- 4.4. Nanomaterials in Water Filtration -- Microfiltration (MF) -- Ultrafiltration (UF) -- Nanofiltration (NF) -- Reverse Osmosis (RO) -- 4.5. Removal of Microbes -- CONCLUSION -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Nanotechnology for Safe and Sustainable Environment: Realm of Wonders -- Saima Sohni1,2,*, Hafiz Nidaullah1, Kashif Gul2, Imtiaz Ahmad2 and A.K. Mohd Omar1 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL NANOTECHNOLOGY -- 3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (ECO-FRIENDLY AND/OR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS) -- Nano-Enhanced Green Technologies -- Nanomaterials Based Extraction Method -- Environmentally Friendly Catalysis -- Eco-Friendly Alternatives in Agriculture -- Nanofertilizers. NPs-mediated Gene Transfer for Insect Pest Management -- Nano Plant Protection Products -- Nanomaterials Based Biosensors -- Green Synthesis of Nanomaterials -- Nanoelectronics and Nano-Enhanced Energy Technologies -- Development of New Nanostructure-based Solar Cells (Nanophotovoltaics) -- Nanotechnology-based Hydrogen Fuel Cells -- New Methods for Hydrogen Storage -- Paper Electronics -- Nanoproducts in Display Technology -- Supercapacitors -- Replacement of Tinlead Solders with Newly Developed Nanomaterials -- Concept of Nanoenergy and Nano Generator (NG) -- Nano Cars -- Nano Housing -- 4. ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION USING ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS (NANOREMEDIATION) -- Adsorptive Removal of Pollutants -- Metal Based Nano-adsorbents -- Carbon Nanostructures as Adsorbents -- Nanocrystalline Zeolites -- Nanoscale Tuneable Biopolymers -- Dendrimer and Dendrimer-conjugated Magnetic NPs -- Self-assembled Monolayer on Mesoporous Supports (SAMMS) -- 5. DEGRADATION OF POLLUTANTS BY REACTIVE NANOTECHNOLOGIES -- Photocatalysis -- Semiconductor Nanomaterials -- Mixed Oxide Nanocomposites -- Ferrites as Catalysts and/or Support -- Carbon Nanomaterial and Related Heteroarchitectures -- Polymer-based Nanocomposites (PNCs) -- Photocatalytic Self-assembled Nanostructures -- Nano-scale Zero-valent Iron Particles as New Generation Technologies for the Transformation and Decontamination of Environmental Pollutants -- Enzymatic Biodegradation using Nano-scale Biocatalysts -- SENs -- Vault NPs Packaged with Multiple Enzymes -- 6. DISINFECTION AND MICROBIAL CONTROL -- 7. MEMBRANE NANOFILTERATION AND DESALINATION -- 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (NANOTECHNOLOGY ENABLED SENSORS) -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Role of Metal Based Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis. S. Sajjad1,*, S.A.K. Leghari2 and A. Iqbal1 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DEFINITION AND MECHANISM OF PHOTOCATALYSIS -- 2.1. Photon Absorption -- 2.2. Generation of Electron-hole pair -- 2.3. Charge Transport -- 2.4. Formation of Free Radicals or Redox Reaction -- 2.5. Chemical Reactions Involved in Photocatalysis -- 3. TYPES OF PHOTOCATALYSIS -- 3.1. Homogeneous Photocatalysis -- 3.2. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis -- 3.2.1. Direct Heterogeneous Photocatalysis -- 3.2.2. Indirect Heterogeneous Photocatalysis -- 4. PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE RATE OF PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTION -- 4.1. Light Intensity -- 4.2. Reaction Temperature -- 4.3. Influence of pH on Photocatalytic Activity of Photocatalyst -- 4.4. Nature of Photocatalyst -- 4.5. Effect of Oxidizing Agent on Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutant -- 4.6. Effect of Catalyst Concentration -- 4.7. Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Activity of the Photocatalysts -- 5. ROLE OF METAL OXIDE NANOSTUCTURES IN PHOTOCATLYSIS -- 5.1. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) -- 5.1.1. Structural Properties and its Effect on Energy Band Structure of TiO2 -- 5.1.2. Drawback of Titania Photocatalyst -- 5.1.3. Non-metal Doping in Titania -- 5.1.4. Transition Metal as Dopants in Titania -- 5.1.5. Impact of Morphology on the Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2 Photocatalyst -- 5.2. Zinc Oxide as a Photocatalyst -- 5.2.1. Impact of Morphology on Photocatalytic Property of Zinc Oxide Photocatalyst -- 5.2.3. Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite -- 5.2.4. Graphene Nanocomposite/ZnO -- 5.2.5. ZnO/Ag2S Nanocomposite -- 5.3. Role of Complex Bismuth Oxide Compounds as a Photocatalyst -- 5.3.1. Morphological Control of Bismuth Related Compounds to Enhance the Photocatalytic Efficiency -- 5.3.2. Surface Modification of Bismuth Related Oxides -- 5.4. Photosensitization of Quantum Dots -- 5.5. Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures as Photosensitizer. 5.6. Carbon Based Nanostructures as Photocatalyst -- 5.7. Tungsten Trioxide as Photocatalyst -- 5.8. Cerium Oxide Photocatalysts -- 6. PEROVSKITES AS PHOTOCATALYST -- 7. METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AS PHOTOCATALYSTS -- 8. APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOCATALYSIS -- 8.1. Self-cleaning Process -- 8.2. Air Purification -- 8.3. Water Purification -- 8.4. Hydrogen Production by Water Cleavage -- 8.5. Dye-sensitized Solar Cell -- 8.6. Water Flow Purification System -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Clay Based Nanocomposites and Their Environmental Applications -- Iftikhar Ahmad1,3, Farman Ali2,* and Fazal Rahim1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Classification of Nanomaterials for Environmental Treatment -- Clay and Clay Composition -- Type of Clay Minerals -- Clay Based Synthetic Nanocomposites -- Characterization of Nanocomposites -- Clay Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Cleaning -- Clays and Clay Based Nanocomposites for Water Cleaning -- Removal of Heavy Metals from Water -- Removal of Hazardous Dyes from Water -- Removal of Antibiotics from Water -- Removal of Organic Pollution from Water -- Clay Based Nanocomposites for Soil Cleaning -- Clay and Clay Based Nanocomposites for Air Cleaning -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Ion Exchange Materials and Their Applications -- Anish Khan1,*, Fayaz Ali1, Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan1, Aleksandr Evhenovych Kolosov2 and Abdullah M. Asiri1 -- ION-EXCHANGE PHENOMENON & -- ITS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- Ion-exchange Chromatography -- Ion-exchange Process and its Mechanism -- Ion-exchange Materials: An Introduction and Literature Review -- Inorganic Ion-exchange Materials -- Organic Ion-exchange Materials -- Chelating Ion-exchange Materials -- Intercalation Ion-exchangers -- 'Organic-Inorganic' Composite Ion-Exchanger. Applications of Ion-exchange Materials -- Ion-exchange Membrane -- Ion-selective Electrodes (ISE) -- Physico-chemical Properties of Ion-selective Electrodes -- Electrode Response or Membrane Potential -- Selectivity Coefficients -- Separate-solution Methods -- Mixed Solution Methods -- Procedure -- Response Time -- Effect of pH -- Life Span of Membrane Electrode -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- The Importance of Iron oxides in Natural Environment and Significance of its Nanoparticles Application -- Iqbal Ahmed1,2,*, Kamisah Kormin3, Rizwan Rajput4, Muhammed H. Albeirutty1,2, Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan5,6 and Jehan Zeb7 -- INTRODUCTION -- Importance of Iron Oxides Minerals in the Environment -- Classification of Iron Oxides Crystals -- i. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) -- ii. Goethite (α-FeOOH) -- iii. Limonite (Fe2O3.H2O) -- iv. Maghemite (β-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3 and ε-Fe2O3) -- v. Ilmenite -- vi. Ulvospinel -- vii. Magnetite -- Interaction of Iron in Natural Environment -- Classification of Iron-based Nano Materials Synthesis Methods -- 1. Synthesis of Nanomagnetic Materials -- Liquid Phase Methods -- TWO-PHASE METHODS (MICROEMULSION) -- SOL-GEL TECHNIQUE -- SPRAY AND LASER PYROLYSIS -- GAS/AEROSOL METHODS -- POLYOLS METHOD -- HYDROTHERMAL REACTION METHODS -- SONOLYSIS -- MICROWAVE IRRADIATION -- Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles -- CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES -- CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Potential of Nanoparticles for the Development of Polymeric Membranes -- Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan1,2,*, Iqbal Ahmed3,4, L Gzara3, Tanveer Hussain1 and Enrico Drioli5 -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANES -- 3. NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITE MEMBRANES -- 4. MEMBRANE CLASSIFICATION -- 5. MEMBRANE MATERIALS -- 5.1. Polysulfone and Polyethersulfone. 6. THE SOLVENT CHOICE OF POLYMERIC MEMBRANES.