The Neuroscience of Visual Hallucinations.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (374 pages)
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- Section 1 Background and Context -- Chapter 1 Visual hallucinations: history and context of current research -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The construction of visual hallucinations -- 1.3 Epistemology: dichotomies -- 1.4 Research and its vicissitudes -- 1.5 Bringing the history of visual hallucinations and research together -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 1.7 References -- Chapter 2 Defining and measuring hallucinations and their consequences - what is really the difference between a veridical perception and a hallucination? Categories of hallucinatory experiences -- 2.1 What every student knows -- 2.2 Suspended between realism and anti-realism -- 2.3 Faith -- 2.4 The philosophy of As If -- 2.5 Visual hallucinations -- 2.6 Visual illusions -- 2.7 Metamorphopsias (visual distortions) -- 2.8 Ways of measuring and quantifying positive disorders of vision -- 2.9 Concluding remarks -- 2.10 References -- Chapter 3 Hallucinatory aspects of normal vision -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Gregory's taxonomy -- 3.3 Blind spot and scotomas -- 3.4 After-images and after-effects -- 3.5 Perceptual ambiguity and multistable perception -- 3.6 Illusory contours and surfaces -- 3.7 Object perception and illusory vision -- 3.8 Conclusion -- 3.9 References -- Chapter 4 Non-pathological associations - sleep and dreams, deprivation and bereavement -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Visual hallucinations in the general population -- 4.3 Visual hallucinations during sleep and sleep/wake transitions -- 4.4 Trauma, grief and bereavement -- 4.5 Sensory deprivation -- 4.6 The Bayesian heuristic: a unifying model? -- 4.7 Conclusions: the psychosis continuum -- 4.8 References -- Chapter 5 The clinical associations of visual hallucinations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Describing hallucinations. 5.3 Visual hallucinations associated with visual loss -- 5.4 Visual hallucinations in acute vascular or neoplastic lesions -- 5.5 Visual hallucinations in neurodegenerative diseases -- 5.6 Visual hallucinations associated with dementia -- 5.7 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- 5.8 Visual hallucinations in psychosis -- 5.9 Drug-induced hallucinations -- 5.10 Delirium -- 5.11 Epilepsy -- 5.12 Migraine -- 5.13 Inborn errors of metabolism -- 5.14 Commentary -- 5.15 References -- Section 2 Investigations and Data -- Chapter 6 Hallucinogenic mechanisms: pathological and pharmacological insights -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Societal impact -- 6.3 Misperceptions and hallucinations -- 6.4 Pathological findings in clinical disorders with high levels of hallucinations -- 6.5 Role of neurotransmitters in hallucinations -- 6.6 A common neural mechanism -- 6.7 Conclusion -- 6.8 References -- Chapter 7 Imaging in visual hallucinations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Imaging the hallucinator -- 7.3 Imaging the hallucination -- 7.4 References -- Chapter 8 EEG and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Changing and recording the dynamic flow of visual perception -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Electroencephalography -- 8.3 Transcranial magnetic stimulation -- 8.4 Future directions for the study of visual hallucinations using neurophysiological approaches -- 8.5 References -- Chapter 9 Neuropsychological approaches to understanding visual hallucinations -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Perceptual impairments -- 9.3 Misidentifications of internal images -- 9.4 Executive function -- 9.5 Attention and vigilance -- 9.6 Questions and future directions -- 9.7 References -- Section 3 Models and Theories -- Chapter 10 Geometric visual hallucinations and the structure of the visual cortex -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 A new mathematical formulation of V1 circuitry. 10.3 Conditions for the loss of stability of the homogeneous state -- 10.4 Extensions of the model -- 10.5 Summary and concluding remarks -- 10.6 References -- Chapter 11 Thalamic and brainstem regulatory systems-why disturbances external to the visual system can cause hallucinations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Overview of the cases published with peduncular hallucinations -- 11.3 Aetiology and lesion localization contributing to peduncular hallucinations -- 11.4 Origin and mechanisms of peduncular hallucinations -- 11.5 References -- Chapter 12 The pathology of hallucinations: one or several points of processing breakdown? -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Requirements for an ideal model -- 12.3 Phenomenology - a clue to pathogenesis? -- 12.4 Early unimodal models of pathogenesis -- 12.5 Neuropathological findings -- 12.6 Interactive, multifactorial models -- 12.7 Conclusions and outlook -- 12.8 References -- Section 4 New Directions -- Chapter 13 Future directions for research -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 References -- Chapter 14 The treatment of visual hallucinations at present and in the future -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Excluding drugs that induce visual hallucinations -- 14.3 Drug treatment of visual hallucinations -- 14.4 Psychological interventions -- 14.5 Unexplored issues and other potential therapies -- 14.6 References -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- EULA.