Motor Neuron Disease in Adults.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (369 pages)
- Contemporary Neurology Series .
- Contemporary Neurology Series .
Cover -- Series -- Motor Neuron Disease Adults -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Introduction to "Motor Neuron Disease" -- Abbreviations -- 1 History of the Recognition of Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Historical Setting -- Historical Recognition of MND -- Familial MND -- 2 Nomenclature and Classification of Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Lou Gehrig -- WFN Research Classification -- PMA -- PLS -- ALS by Phenotypes -- 3 Clinical Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Pathology -- Physiology and Pathophysiology -- 4 Clinical Features of Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Cognitive Dysfunction in Nondemented Patients with MND -- Frontotemporal Lobe Dysfunction and Dementia -- Pseudobulbar Affect and Increased Yawning -- Bulbar Dysfunction -- Upper Extremity Dysfunction -- Lower Extremity Dysfunction -- Respiratory Dysfunction -- Eye Movement Abnormalities -- 5 Frontotemporal Dysfunction and Dementia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Features -- Diagnostic Criteria and Categorization -- Assessment of Cognitive and Behavioral Deficits -- Imaging -- Genetics and Pathology -- Biomarkers -- Clinical Relevance -- Effect of FTD on Course and Prognosis -- Implications of FTD for the Caregiver -- Nonpharmacologic Management of FTD -- Pharmacologic Management of ALS-FTD -- Conclusion -- 6 Laboratory Tests for Motor Neuron Disease -- Introduction -- Background and New Points -- Nerve Conduction Testing -- Nerve Conduction Tests for UMN Loss -- Needle EMG Testing -- EMG Abnormalities in Individual Muscles -- Muscle Biopsy -- Serologic and Spinal Fluid Laboratory Studies. Central Nervous System Imaging -- Muscle Imaging -- Frontotemporal Lobe Testing -- 7 Biomarkers for Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Genetic Biomarkers -- Protein Biomarkers -- Metabolic Biomarkers -- Neurophysiologic Biomarkers -- Imaging Biomarkers -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- 8 Imaging in Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Types of Neuroimaging -- Neuroimaging for Diagnostic Exclusion -- Neuroimaging as a Biomarker -- Core Cerebral Motor Pathology -- Extramotor Cerebral Pathology -- Mechanistic Imaging -- Future Directions -- Conclusion -- 9 Diagnostic Criteria for Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Time to Diagnosis -- ALS -- World Federation of Neurology Criteria Performance Reviews -- PLS -- PMA -- 10 Differential Diagnosis of Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Differential Diagnosis of ALS -- Kennedy Disease -- Multifocal Motor Neuropathy -- Inclusion Body Myositis -- Spondylotic Radiculopathy and Myeloradiculopathy -- Mononeuropathies -- Myasthenia Gravis -- Hereditary Spastic Paresis -- Lyme Disease -- Viral Diseases -- Retroviral Diseases -- Heavy Metal Toxicity -- Cancer and Paraneoplastic Syndromes -- 11 Motor Neuron Disease Progression -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Clinical Progression -- Clinimetric Scales -- Quantitating Progression -- ALS Staging -- Prediction of Progression and Survival -- 12 Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Descriptive Epidemiology -- ALS Time Trends -- Genetic Epidemiology -- Cognitive Changes and Motor Neuron Degeneration in Population-Based Studies -- FTD: New End of the ALS Spectrum? -- ALS Prognostic Factors -- 13 Genetics of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Background and New Points -- Introduction -- ALS -- FTD -- FTLD and ALS Overlap -- Genes With Possible ALS And FTLD Overlap -- General Considerations for Genetic Testing in ALS and FTLD -- 14 Genome-wide Approaches to Identify Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-associated Genes -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Linkage Analysis -- Candidate Gene Approach -- Genome-Wide Association Studies -- Homozygozity Mapping -- Exome Sequencing -- Future Directions -- 15 Pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Protein Inclusions -- Pathology of Sporadic ALS -- Pathology of Familial ALS (FALS) -- Pathology of FTLD -- Subtyping of Cerebral Pathology of FTLD-TDP and FTLD-MND/ALS -- FTLD-FUS -- Pathology of Familial FTLD -- Head Trauma and TDP-43 -- 16 Convergence and Divergence in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Syndrome: Genetics, Molecular Pathways, and Molecular Mechanisms -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Molecular Neuropathology -- Clinical and Pathologic Homogeneity and Underlying Mechanisms -- Pathogenesis -- Concluding Remarks -- 17 Immunologic Aspects of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Role of Microglia in ALS -- Astrocytes and ALS -- Cytokines, Chemokines, and Other Markers of Inflammation in ALS -- T Cells in ALS -- Dendritic Cells -- Treatment Targeting Immune Mechanisms and Neuroinflammation -- Conclusion -- 18 Cyanobacteria, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and the BMAA Hypothesis -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- The Guam Hypothesis -- Beyond Guam -- Conclusion -- 19 Animal Models of Adult Motor Neuron Disease -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Invertebrate Models -- Vertebrate Models -- Conclusion. 20 Multidisciplinary Clinics and Practice Parameters and Guidelines -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Practice Parameters and Guidelines and Multidisciplinary Clinics -- Clinic Providers -- Impact of Practice Parameters and Guidelines -- Clinic Challenges -- Clinic Stress -- Clinic Benefits -- Clinical Care Quality Improvement -- 21 Allied Health and Other Providers -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Pulmonology -- Gastroenterology, Interventional Radiology, and Surgery -- Psychiatry and Psychology -- Nursing -- Nutrition -- Speech Therapy -- Genetic Counseling -- Orthotics -- Wheelchair Seating -- Driving Evaluations -- Clergy -- Assistive Technology -- Time Line of Durable Equipment Needs -- Exercise -- Falls -- 22 Respiratory Assessment and Management -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology -- ALS Progression and Respiratory Failure -- Sleep-Disordered Breathing -- Early Diaphragm Dysfunction -- Respiratory Metrics -- NIV -- Respiratory Threshold for NIV -- Predictors of NIV Use -- Early Versus Late Use of NIV -- Efficacy of NIV -- Long-Term Effects of NIV -- Predictors of Noninvasive Use -- Supplemental Oxygen -- Electrical Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm Stimulation -- Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation -- Patient Autonomy for Respiratory Decisions -- Cough Augmentation -- Inspiratory Muscle Exercise -- High-Frequency Chest Wall Oscillatory Treatment -- Aspiration Pneumonia -- Cause of Death in ALS and End-of-Life Care -- 23 Nutritional Assessment and Management -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Premorbid Weight and Risk of Developing ALS -- Weight Loss Over the Course of ALS -- Effect of Weight Loss -- Nutritional Assessment -- Metabolic Rates -- Serologic Nutritional Components -- Nutritional Interventions -- 24 Communication Assessment and Management. Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Speech Production and Dysarthria -- Speech Assessment Scales -- Speech Exercises -- Compensatory Speech Strategies -- Palatal Lift and Augmentation -- Augmentative and Alternative Communication -- Impact of Communication Devices -- Brain-Computer Interface -- Frontotemporal Lobe Dysfunction Effect on Communication -- 25 Psychological and Psychiatric Assessment and Management -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Depression -- Behavioral Symptoms -- 26 Symptoms and Management -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Behavioral Disturbance -- Pseudobulbar Affect -- Excessive Yawning -- Anxiety and Depression -- Weakness -- Shortness of Breath -- Fatigue -- Fasciculations -- Spasticity and Spasms -- Cramps -- Sialorrhea -- Thick Phlegm -- Laryngeal Spasms -- Pain -- Disrupted Sleep -- Constipation -- Bladder and Bowel Incontinence -- Urinary Disorders -- Dependent Limb Symptoms -- Deep Venous Thrombosis -- Skin Breakdown -- Sweating -- 27 Intimacy, Sexuality, and Pregnancy -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Intimacy -- Sexuality -- Pregnancy with ALS -- Inappropriate Sexual Behavior -- 28 Quality of Life -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Types of Instruments -- Quality of Life for the Patient and Caregiver -- Perceptions of Quality of Life -- Factors Affecting Quality of Life -- 29 Caregiver Issues -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Impact of MND on Caregivers -- Longitudinal Quality of Life Between Patient and Caregiver -- Longitudinal Effect of Caregiver Burden -- Effect of Patient's Behavioral Dysfunction -- Caregiver Coping -- Positive Factors for Caregivers -- 30 End-of-Life Care -- Background and New Points -- Introduction -- Time Line of MND Care -- Patient Decision-making -- Legal Documents -- Hospice -- Time in Hospice. End-of-Life Patient Concerns About Manner of Death.
Motor Neuron Disease reviews new information from 1998 as it applies to all aspects of motor neuron disease. Articles included use evidence-based methods to ensure that the new information is solid and advances the topic. The book can be used by anyone who provides any type of care to ALS patients.
9780199783168
Nervous system -- Diseases. Neurology. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.