Bioenergy for Power Generation, Transportation and Climate Change Mitigation.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (269 pages)
- IOP Series in Renewable and Sustainable Power Series .
- IOP Series in Renewable and Sustainable Power Series .
Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Author biography -- Anirudh Singh -- Chapter 1 Renewable energy and biomass -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The energy use sectors -- 1.3 Energy flow-from primary to end-use energy -- 1.4 Global primary energy and total final energy consumption -- 1.5 Share of renewable energy in the global final energy consumption -- 1.6 Share of renewable energy in global electrical power generation -- 1.7 Global share of biomass energy -- Exercises -- References -- Chapter 2 Introduction to solid biomass-properties and use -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Energy in biomass -- 2.2.1 Obtaining energy from biomass -- 2.2.2 Where does the energy in biomass reside? -- 2.2.3 Biomass as an energy source -- 2.3 Forms of solid biomass feedstock -- 2.3.1 Dedicated energy crops -- 2.3.2 Forestry and industrial residues -- 2.3.3 Municipal solid waste -- 2.3.4 Animal waste -- 2.3.5 Sewage -- 2.4 Energy uses of solid biomass -- 2.4.1 Case study: biomass energy use in the USA -- 2.5 The important properties of woody biomass -- 2.5.1 Moisture content -- 2.5.2 Energy content -- 2.6 Energy-moisture relations -- 2.7 Density-moisture relations -- 2.7.1 The density of wood -- 2.7.2 Density-moisture curves -- 2.8 Pre-treatment and densification of biomass -- 2.8.1 The need for densification -- 2.8.2 Pre-treatment of biomass -- 2.8.3 Densification techniques -- Exercises, questions and projects -- Exercises -- Questions -- Projects -- References -- Chapter 3 Thermal and thermochemical conversion of solid biomass -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Pathways for biomass conversion -- 3.2.1 Overview of biomass conversion processes -- 3.2.2 Thermochemical processes -- 3.3 Combustion -- 3.3.1 Nature of combustion -- 3.3.2 Combustion of solid biomass -- 3.3.3 The products of combustion -- 3.4 Pyrolysis -- 3.4.1 Introduction to pyrolysis -- 3.4.2 The pyrolysis process. 3.4.3 Types of pyrolysis -- 3.4.4 Products of pyrolysis -- 3.4.5 Pyrolysis reactors -- 3.5 Gasification -- 3.5.1 What is gasification? -- 3.5.2 Overview of the gasification process -- 3.5.3 The chemistry of gasification -- Drying -- Pyrolysis -- Combustion -- 3.5.4 Uses of syngas -- Gasification -- 3.5.5 Gasifiers -- 3.6 Summary of thermochemical processes and products -- Exercises, questions and quizzes -- Exercises -- Questions -- Research questions (RQs) -- Quizzes -- References -- Chapter 4 Chemical, biochemical and electrochemical conversion of biomass -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chemical conversion of biomass -- 4.2.1 Transesterification and biodiesel -- 4.2.2 Hydro-treated vegetable oils as fuels for transportation -- 4.2.3 Synthetic fuels from syngas-the FTS process -- 4.3 Biochemical conversion of biomass through respiration -- 4.3.1 Cellular metabolism -- 4.3.2 Respiration and ATP -- 4.3.3 Anaerobic respiration and fermentation -- 4.4 Anaerobic digestion and methane fermentation -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 Methane fermentation pathways -- 4.5 Electrochemical conversion of biofuels -- 4.5.1 Introduction-thermal vs electrochemical conversion of chemical energy -- 4.5.2 The importance of fuel cells -- 4.5.3 Blue hydrogen and hydrogen fuel cells -- Exercises and questions -- Exercises -- Questions -- References -- Chapter 5 The thermodynamics of heat engines -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Heat engine-basic concepts -- 5.3 Basic concepts of thermodynamics -- 5.3.1 System -- 5.3.2 State variables -- 5.3.3 State diagrams -- 5.3.4 Processes and paths -- 5.3.5 First law of thermodynamics -- 5.3.6 Cyclic processes -- 5.4 Principle of operation of the heat engine -- 5.4.1 New form of the first law -- 5.4.2 The second law of thermodynamics -- 5.4.3 Thermal efficiency -- 5.4.4 Carnot efficiency -- 5.5 Heat engine power cycles. 5.5.1 Closed and open cycles -- 5.6 Types of heat engines -- 5.6.1 External and internal combustion engines -- 5.6.2 Turbines and piston engines -- 5.7 The Rankine cycle and the steam turbine -- 5.7.1 The realistic steam turbine with super-heating -- 5.7.2 Improving design with reheating -- 5.8 The Brayton cycle and the gas turbine -- Exercises, questions and quizzes -- Exercises -- Questions -- Quiz -- References -- Chapter 6 Bioenergy-based power generation technology -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Principles of operation of thermal power plants -- 6.2.1 Generic design of thermal power plants -- 6.3 Types of thermal power plants -- 6.3.1 Characteristics of thermal power plants -- 6.3.2 Condensing and CHP power plants -- 6.3.3 A typical condensing coal-fired power plant -- 6.4 Combined cycle power plants -- 6.4.1 Multi-stage power plants -- 6.4.2 Integrated gasification combined cycle power plant (IGCCPP) -- 6.5 Bioenergy-fired thermal power plants in industrial application -- 6.5.1 Bagasse-fired power plants in the sugar industry -- 6.5.2 Solid biomass-fired power plants -- 6.5.3 Pyrolysis power plants -- 6.5.4 Biogas-fired power plants -- Exercises and questions -- Exercises -- Questions -- References -- Chapter 7 Electrochemical conversion and storage of energy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 What are electrolysers, fuel cells and batteries? -- 7.1.2 Introducing the electrochemical cell -- 7.1.3 How are electrolysers, fuel cells and batteries related? -- 7.2 Types of fuel cells -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Fuel cell types -- 7.2.3 Summary of essential properties of fuel cells -- 7.3 Types of batteries -- 7.3.1 Primary batteries -- 7.3.2 Secondary (rechargeable) batteries -- 7.4 Battery research and development -- Exercises and questions -- Exercises -- Questions -- References -- Chapter 8 Introduction to liquid biofuels -- 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Types of biofuels -- 8.2.1 What are biofuels? -- 8.2.2 What are the generations of biofuels? -- 8.2.3 Issues with first generation biofuels -- 8.2.4 Biofuel blends -- 8.3 Global production of biofuels -- 8.4 Engine fuel properties and standards -- 8.4.1 Fuel properties -- Octane number -- Cetane number -- Summary -- 8.4.2 Gasoline and diesel engine fuels -- 8.4.3 Fuel standards and legislations -- 8.4.4 Biofuel standards -- 8.4.5 Fuel standards and legislations-the Australian case study -- Exercises, questions and activities -- References -- Chapter 9 Bioethanol and biobutanol -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Bioethanol -- 9.2.1 Fuel properties of ethanol -- 9.2.2 Industrial production of bioethanol -- 9.2.3 Metabolic pathways for bioethanol -- 9.2.4 Issues with bioethanol fuel -- 9.2.5 Future biofuels through metabolic engineering -- 9.3 Biobutanol -- 9.3.1 Fuel properties of butanol -- 9.3.2 Industrial production of biobutanol -- 9.3.3 Butanol fermentation through the ABE process -- 9.3.4 Improving yield through metabolic engineering -- Exercises and questions -- Exercises -- Questions -- References -- Chapter 10 Biodiesel, biogas and biomethane -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biodiesel -- 10.2.1 Introduction -- 10.2.2 Biodiesel as a fuel -- 10.2.3 Fuel properties of biodiesel -- 10.2.4 Industrial production of biodiesel -- 10.2.5 Issues with biodiesel -- 10.3 Biogas and biomethane -- 10.3.1 Biogas -- 10.3.2 Biomethane or renewable natural gas (RNG) -- 10.3.3 Future supply outlook for biogas and biomethane -- Exercises and questions -- References -- Chapter 11 Emerging fuels for transport and power -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 HVO-a better biofuel for diesel engines -- 11.2.1 Production of HVO -- 11.3 Syngas-a gas for many applications -- 11.3.1 Uses of syngas -- 11.4 The FTS process-synthetic fuels for conventional engines -- History -- Nomenclature. The stages of the FTS process -- 11.5 Pyrolysis oil-new fuel for sea transport and power generation -- 11.6 Hydrogen-green fuel for EVs and storage -- 11.6.1 Hydrogen production -- 11.6.2 Hydrogen as a green fuel -- 11.6.3 Use of hydrogen-the hydrogen economy -- What is zero-emissions hydrogen? -- Exercises and questions -- Exercises -- Questions and research questions -- References -- Chapter 12 Drivers and threats to global renewable energy production -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Who are the stakeholders in global energy? -- 12.3 Energy and global conflicts -- 12.4 The role of fossil fuel subsidies -- 12.5 New drivers for global RE production -- 12.5.1 Climate change -- 12.5.2 Energy access for all -- Exercises and questions -- References -- Chapter 13 Climate change and future energy technology -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The net zero by 2050 ultimatum from the UNFCCC -- 13.2.1 The Paris Agreement and its goals -- 13.2.2 The IPCC Special Report on 1.5 °C -- 13.2.3 High Level Dialogue on Energy (HLDE) -- 13.2.4 The Emissions Gap Report 2021 -- 13.3 The science behind climate change -- 13.3.1 Global warming -- 13.3.2 Estimating emissions -- 13.4 COP26 and the global energy transition -- 13.4.1 Goals of COP26 -- 13.4.2 New tools and opportunities for achieving net zero -- 13.5 The energy transition-an Australian case study -- 13.5.1 Australia's net zero plan -- 13.5.2 The role of Australian universities-ANU's grand challenge -- 13.5.3 Summary remarks -- 13.6 COP27 -- Exercises and questions -- Exercises -- Questions and research questions -- References -- Chapter 14 Energy, pandemics and an integrated global development plan -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Global poverty, the MDGs and the SDGs -- 14.2.1 Poverty and the MDGs -- 14.2.2 Energy access and the SDGs -- History and motivation for the SDGs -- The indicators of sustainable development. 14.3 Energy and economic well-being.
This book is a reference text for graduate researchers, climate scientists, academics and policy-makers. It describes the science, technology and policy behind the production and use of bioenergy for power generation and transportation.
9780750346146
Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology. Biomass energy. Climate change mitigation-Government policy. Renewable energy-Government policy.