Introduction to Chemical Engineering Kinetics and Reactor Design.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (574 pages)
- New York Academy of Sciences Series .
- New York Academy of Sciences Series .
Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the First Edition -- Chapter 1. Stoichiometric Coefficients and Reaction Progress Variables -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Basic Stoichiometric Concepts -- 1.1.1 Stoichiometric Coefficients -- 1.1.2 Reaction Progress Variables -- Literature Citation -- Chapter 2. Thermodynamics of Chemical Reactions -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Chemical Potentials and Standard States -- 2.2 Energy Effects Associated with Chemical Reactions -- 2.3 Sources of Thermochemical Data -- 2.4 The Equilibrium Constant and its Relation to DeltaG0 -- 2.5 Effects of Temperature and Pressure Changes on the Equilibrium Constant -- 2.6 Determination of Equilibrium Compositions -- 2.7 Effects of Reaction Conditions on Equilibrium Yields -- 2.7.1 Effects of Temperature Changes -- 2.7.2 Effects of Total Pressure -- 2.7.3 Effect of Addition of Inert Gases -- 2.7.4 Effect of Addition of Catalysts -- 2.7.5 Effect of Excess Reactants -- 2.8 Heterogeneous Reactions -- 2.9 Equilibrium Treatment of Simultaneous Reactions -- 2.10 Supplementary Reading References -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 3. Basic Concepts in Chemical Kinetics: Determination of the Reaction Rate Expression -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.0.1 Reaction Orders -- 3.0.2 The Reaction Rate Constant -- 3.1 Mathematical Characterization of Simple Reaction Systems -- 3.1.1 Mathematical Characterization of Simple Constant Volume Reaction Systems -- 3.1.2 Mathematical Characterization of Simple Variable Volume Reaction Systems -- 3.2 Experimental Aspects of Kinetic Studies -- 3.2.1 Preliminary Questions to Be Answered in Experimental Kinetics Studies -- 3.2.2 Experimental Techniques and Apparatus -- 3.3 Techniques for the Interpretation of Kinetic Data -- 3.3.1 Differential Methods for the Treatment of Rate Data -- 3.3.2 Integral Methods for the Treatment of Rate Data. 3.3.3 Techniques for the Analysis of Reaction Rate Data That Are Suitable for Use with Either Integral or Differential Methods -- 3.3.4 Determination of the Activation Energy -- 3.3.5 Precision of Rate Measurements for Simple Irreversible Reactions -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 4. Basic Concepts in Chemical Kinetics: Molecular Interpretations of Kinetic Phenomena -- 4.0 Introduction -- 4.1 Reaction Mechanisms -- 4.1.1 The Nature of the Problem -- 4.1.2 Basic Assumptions Involved in the Derivation of a Rate Expression from a Proposed Reaction Mechanism -- 4.1.3 Preliminary Criteria for Testing a Proposed Reaction Mechanism: Stoichiometry and Derivation of a Rate Expression for the Mechanism -- 4.1.4 From Stoichiometry and Rate Expression to Mechanism -- 4.1.5 Additional Methods and Principles Used in Investigations of Reaction Mechanisms -- 4.2 Chain Reactions -- 4.2.1 The Reaction between Hydrogen and Bromine: H2 + Br2 \rightarrow 2HBr -- 4.2.2 Chain Reaction Mechanisms: General Comments -- 4.2.3 Rice-Herzfeld Mechanisms -- 4.2.4 Inhibitors, Initiators, and Induction Periods -- 4.2.5 Branched-Chain Reactions and Explosions -- 4.2.6 Supplementary References -- 4.2.7 Cautionary Note on Reaction Mechanisms -- 4.3 Molecular Theories of Chemical Kinetics -- 4.3.1 Simple Collision Theory -- 4.3.2 Transition State Theory -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 5. Chemical Systems Involving Multiple Reactions -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Reversible Reactions -- 5.1.1 Mathematical Characterization of Simple Reversible Reaction Systems -- 5.1.2 Determination of Reaction Rate Expressions for Reversible Reactions -- 5.1.3 Thermodynamic Consistency of Rate Expressions -- 5.2 Parallel or Competitive Reactions -- 5.2.1 Mathematical Characterization of Parallel Reactions. 5.2.2 Techniques for Interpretation of Kinetic Data for Parallel Reactions -- 5.3 Series or Consecutive Reactions: Irreversible Series Reactions -- 5.3.1 Mathematical Characterization of Series Reactions -- 5.3.2 Techniques for the Interpretation of Kinetic Data in the Presence of Series Reactions -- 5.4 Complex Reactions -- 5.4.1 General Comments -- 5.4.2 Competitive-Consecutive Second-Order Reactions -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 6. Elements of Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Adsorption Phenomena -- 6.2 Adsorption Isotherms -- 6.2.1 The Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm -- 6.2.2 The BET Isotherm -- 6.3 Reaction Rate Expressions for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions -- 6.3.1 Rate Expressions for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions Limited by the Rates of Chemical Processes -- 6.3.2 Interpretation of Experimental Data -- 6.4 Physical Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 6.4.1 Determination of Catalyst Void Volumes -- 6.4.2 Determination of Pore Size Distributions -- 6.5 Catalyst Preparation, Fabrication, and Activation -- 6.5.1 Catalyst Preparation -- 6.5.2 Catalyst Supports, Promoters, and Inhibitors -- 6.6 Poisoning and Deactivation of Catalysts -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 7. Liquid Phase Reactions -- 7.0 Introduction -- 7.1 Electrostatic Effects in Liquid Solution -- 7.2 Pressure Effects on Reactions in Liquid Solution -- 7.3 Homogeneous Catalysis in Liquid Solution -- 7.3.1 Acid-Base Catalysis -- 7.3.2 Catalysis by Enzymes -- 7.4 Correlation Methods for Kinetic Data: Linear Free Energy Relations -- 7.4.1 The Hammett Equation -- 7.4.2 Other Correlations -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 8. Basic Concepts in Reactor Design and Ideal Reactor Models -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.0.1 The Nature of the Reactor Design Problem -- 8.0.2 Reactor Types. 8.0.3 Fundamental Concepts Used in Chemical Reactor Design -- 8.1 Design Analysis for Batch Reactors -- 8.2 Design of Tubular Reactors -- 8.2.1 The Plug Flow Reactor Model: Basic Assumptions and Design Equations -- 8.2.2 Residence Times in Plug Flow Reactors -- 8.2.3 Series-Parallel Combinations of Tubular Reactors -- 8.3 Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactors -- 8.3.1 Individual Stirred-Tank Reactors -- 8.3.2 Cascades of Stirred-Tank Reactors -- 8.3.3 Recycle Reactors -- 8.4 Reactor Networks Composed of Combinations of Ideal Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactors and Plug Flow Reactors -- 8.5 Summary of Fundamental Design Relations: Comparison of Isothermal Stirred-Tank and Plug Flow Reactors -- 8.6 Semibatch or Semiflow Reactors -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 9. Selectivity and Optimization Considerations in the Design of Isothermal Reactors -- 9.0 Introduction -- 9.1 Competitive (Parallel) Reactions -- 9.2 Consecutive (Series) Reactions: A → B → C → D -- 9.3 Competitive Consecutive Reactions -- 9.3.1 Multiple Substitution Reactions -- 9.3.2 Polymerization Reactions -- 9.4 Reactor Design for Autocatalytic Reactions -- 9.4.1 Basic Concepts -- 9.4.2 Reactor Design Considerations -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 10. Temperature and Energy Effects in Chemical Reactors -- 10.0 Introduction -- 10.1 The Energy Balance as Applied to Chemical Reactors -- 10.2 The Ideal Well-Stirred Batch Reactor -- 10.3 The Ideal Continuous Flow Stirred-Tank Reactor -- 10.4 Temperature and Energy Considerations in Tubular Reactors -- 10.5 Autothermal Operation of Reactors -- 10.6 Stable Operating Conditions in Stirred Tank Reactors -- 10.7 Selection of Optimum Reactor Temperature Profiles: Thermodynamic and Selectivity Considerations -- 10.7.1 Optimum Temperature Schedules -- Literature Citations -- Problems. Chapter 11. Deviations from Ideal Flow Conditions -- 11.0 Introduction -- 11.1 Residence Time Distribution Functions, F(t) and dF(t) -- 11.1.1 Experimental Determination of Residence Time Distribution Functions -- 11.1.2 F(t) Curves for Ideal Flow Patterns -- 11.1.3 Models for Nonideal Flow Situations -- 11.2 Conversion Levels in Nonideal Flow Reactors -- 11.2.1 The Segregated Flow Model -- 11.2.2 The Longitudinal Dispersion Model in the Presence of a Chemical Reaction -- 11.2.3 Determination of Conversion Levels Based on the Cascade Model of Stirred-Tank Reactors -- 11.3 General Comments and Rules of Thumb -- Literature Citations -- Problems -- Chapter 12. Reactor Design for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions -- 12.0 Introduction -- 12.1 Commercially Significant Types of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactors -- 12.1.1 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactors in Which the Motion of the Catalyst Particles Relative to One Another Is Insignificant -- 12.1.2 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactors in Which There Is Significant Motion of the Catalyst Particles Relative to One Another -- 12.2 Mass Transport Processes within Porous Catalysts -- 12.3 Diffusion and Reaction in Porous Catalysts -- 12.3.1 Effectiveness Factors for Isothermal Catalyst Pellets -- 12.3.2 The Consequences of Intraparticle Temperature Gradients for Catalyst Effectiveness Factors -- 12.3.3 The Influence of Catalyst Poisoning Processes on Catalyst Effectiveness Factors -- 12.3.4 The Influence of Intraparticle Mass Transfer Limitations on Catalyst Selectivity -- 12.4 Mass Transfer Between the Bulk Fluid and External Surfaces of Solid Catalysts -- 12.4.1 External Mass Transfer in Packed Bed Reactors -- 12.4.2 External Mass Transfer in Fluidized-Bed Reactors -- 12.4.3 Implications of External Mass Transfer Processes for Reactor Design Calculations. 12.5 Heat Transfer Between the Bulk Fluid and External Surfaces of Solid Catalysts.
9781118792377
Chemical kinetics. Chemical reactors-Design and construction.