Forensic Psychology.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (486 pages)
- New York Academy of Sciences Series .
- New York Academy of Sciences Series .
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Justice -- Expert Controversies -- Thinking about Human Rights and Ethics -- Developmental Perspectives -- Investigation and Prosecution Issues -- Psychological Assessment -- Critical Psychology -- Substance Use -- Early Intervention -- Justice Restored -- References -- Part I Investigative Practice -- Chapter 2 The Justice System in England and Wales: A Case Study -- What Justice Means -- The Criminal Justice System -- What Is a Crime? -- Measurement of Crime -- The Criminal Justice Process -- The Sentencing Framework -- The Criminal Courts -- Magistrates' courts -- Youth courts -- The Crown Court -- The High Court -- The Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) -- The Supreme Court -- Police and Policing -- The Crown Prosecution Service -- Prisons and the Prison Service -- Probation -- Youth Justice -- Home Office -- Ministry of Justice -- Law Officers -- Other National Bodies -- Some Special Subjects -- Victims of crime -- Restorative justice -- Race and racism -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 3 Offender Profiling -- Introduction -- Historical Development -- Approaches to Offender Profiling -- Diagnostic evaluation -- Criminal investigation analysis -- Crime action profiling -- Investigative psychology -- Recent Developments -- Profiling Databases -- Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center (CASMIRC) -- Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (ViCAP) -- Violent and Sexual Offender Register (ViSOR) -- The Evidence Base for Profiling -- Practice Issues -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 4 Eyewitness Testimony -- Eyewitness Identification Performance -- The Witnessed Event -- Witness factors -- Perpetrator factors -- Situational factors. Between the Witnessed Event and Identification Task -- Retention interval -- Post-event misinformation -- Intermediate Recognition Tasks -- Mug shots -- Composite production -- The identification task -- Pre-lineup instructions -- Lineup composition -- Investigator bias -- Lineup procedure: Comparing absolute and relative judgements -- Post-identification feedback -- Is confidence related to accuracy? -- Identifications from CCTV -- Is eyewitness identification evidence reliable? -- Procedural Guidelines Relating to Suspect Identification in the United Kingdom -- The Eyewitness in Court -- Conclusions -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 5 Jury Decision-Making -- Introduction: The Jury Idea -- The Notion of an Impartial and Fair Jury: A Critical Appraisal -- Arguments against jury trials -- Arguments in favour of jury trials -- Methods for Studying Juries/Jurors -- Archival research -- Questionnaire surveys -- Mock juries -- Shadow juries -- Post-trial juror interviews -- Books by ex-jurors -- Selecting Jurors -- Pre-Trial Publicity -- The reported importance of juror characteristics -- Juror Competence -- Comprehending evidence -- Understanding and following the judge's instructions/the jury charge -- The jury foreperson -- Jury deliberation -- Defendant characteristics -- Victim/plaintiff characteristics -- Lawyer and judge characteristics -- Hung Juries -- Models of Jury Decision-Making -- Reforming the Jury to Remedy Some of its Problems -- Alternatives to Trial by Jury -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 6 Assessment -- Conceptual Issues in Assessment -- Classification -- Dimensional approaches -- Diagnosis and formulation -- Assessment -- Hypothesis formulation -- Psychodynamic theory -- Cognitive behavioural theory (CBT) -- Systemic theory -- Social inequalities theory -- Integrative theories. Data Gathering -- Interviews -- Psychometric assessments -- Test theory -- Data Analysis -- Reliability -- Validity -- Criterion-related validity -- Content validity -- Construct validity -- Specificity, sensitivity and power -- Base rates -- Normality judgements -- Deficit measurement -- Single case analysis -- Clinical Judgements and Biases -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 7 Risk Assessment -- Key Legal Issues -- Key Principles in Risk Assessment -- Approaches to risk assessment -- Risk Assessment Instruments -- Critical Issues in Risk Assessment -- Acceptable risk and rare catastrophic failures -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Further Reading -- References -- Part II Working with Offending Populations -- Chapter 8 The Developmental Evidence Base: Neurobiological Research and Forensic Applications -- The Developmental Evidence Base: Neurobiological Research -- Genetics -- Neuroimaging -- Neurology -- Neuropsychology -- Verbal and spatial intelligence -- Executive functioning -- Biological versus social influences -- Psychophysiology -- Heart rate -- Skin conductance -- Electroencephalogram and event-related potentials -- Endocrinology -- Moral Development -- Nutrition -- Forensic Applications of Developmental Neurobiological Research -- Lie detection -- Legal and judicial process -- Assessment -- Diagnostic identification -- Treatment -- Intervention -- Dangerousness and risk prediction -- Conclusions -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 9 The Developmental Evidence Base: Prevention -- Introduction -- Risk-focused prevention -- What is a risk factor? -- Cost-benefit analysis -- Family-Based Prevention -- Home visiting programmes -- Parent management training -- Other parenting interventions -- Multi-Systemic Therapy -- Is family-based intervention effective? -- School-Based Prevention -- Preschool programmes. School programmes -- Anti-bullying programmes -- Peer Programmes -- Skills Training -- Communities that Care -- Recent UK Developments -- Conclusions -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 10 The Developmental Evidence Base: Psychosocial Research -- Introduction -- Individual Factors -- Temperament and personality -- Hyperactivity and impulsivity -- Low intelligence and attainment -- Low empathy -- Family Factors -- Child-rearing -- Teenage mothers and child abuse -- Parental conflict and disrupted families -- Criminal parents -- Large family size -- Social Factors -- Socio-economic deprivation -- Peer influences -- School Influences -- Community influences -- Conclusions -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 11 The Developmental Evidence Base: Desistance -- Current State of Knowledge on Desistance -- Social predictors of desistance -- Cognitive predictors of desistance -- Genetic factors and desistance -- Summary -- Unresolved Issues in Desistance Research -- Defining and measuring desistance -- False desistance -- Desistance as a process -- Within-individual versus between-individual predictors of desistance -- Self-selection and sequencing -- Conclusions -- Policy relevance of desistance research -- Next steps in desistance research -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 12 Crisis Negotiation -- Conceptual Issues in Crisis Negotiation -- Types of critical incidents -- To Negotiate or Not to Negotiate -- Goals of Crisis Negotiation -- Calming the situation -- Process of crisis negotiation -- Communication and rapport building -- Listening -- Showing empathy -- Building rapport -- Developing influence -- Gathering intelligence -- Crisis Negotiation and Terrorism -- Applying Principled Negotiation during Terrorist Incidents -- The Process of Negotiation with Terrorists -- The Experience of Hostages -- Crisis Negotiation - the Evidence. Conclusions -- Notes -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 13 Aspects of Diagnosed Mental Illness and Offending -- The Social Context of Rule Transgressions: Normal and Abnormal Offenders -- Penal and psychiatric jurisdiction of mentally abnormal offenders -- Overlaps and Tensions between Psychiatric and Psychological Knowledge -- Psychological encounters with 'mental illness' in forensic settings -- The traditions of psychiatric and psychological knowledge -- The emergence of the biopsychosocial model and neo-Kraepelinian retrenchment -- Psychological and Psychiatric Approaches to Mental Illness in Forensic Settings -- The Problematic Relationship between Diagnosed Mental Illness and Risk -- 'Dual diagnosis' or 'comorbidity' -- Mental illness and risk to others -- Conclusions -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 14 Intellectual Disability: Assessment -- The Context of Practice in Forensic Learning Disabilities -- Mental Health Legislation -- Learning Disability and Crime -- Pathways into and through offender services -- Childhood adversity and behaviour problems -- Adult psychiatric disorders -- Specific offence types and pathways into services -- Applications of Psychology to Processes within the Justice System -- The process of police interview -- The legal process and offenders with ID -- Working with Offenders with ID -- Assessment issues -- Assessment of anger and aggression -- Assessment for sexual offenders -- Assessment of fire raising -- Risk assessment -- The role of dynamic risk assessment in the management of offenders with ID -- Conclusions on Assessment -- Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 15 Intellectual Disability: Treatment and Management -- Treatment for Specific Needs -- Aggression -- Sexual offending -- Interventions for other offence-related problems -- Conclusions -- Further Reading -- References. Chapter 16 Personality Disorders: Assessment and Treatment.