The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the Ancient Mediterranean World.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (557 pages)
Cover -- Half Title -- Endorsement -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- Figures -- Table -- Contributors -- Part I Women and monarchy in the ancient Mediterranean -- 1 Introduction to thinking about women and monarchy in the ancient world -- Part II Egypt and the Nile Valley -- 2 The king's mother in the Old and Middle Kingdoms -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 3 Regnant women in Egypt -- Cultural context and sources -- The terminology and scope of this chapter -- Current state of research -- Examples of (co-)regnant women in ancient Egypt -- Dynasty 1: Neithhotep and Meretneith -- Dynasties 4-5: the king's mother Khentkaus and an unknown king's wife -- Dynasty 6: Nitokris -- Dynasty 12: Neferusobek (or Sobeknofru, Skemiophris) -- Dynasties 17-18: Tetisheri and Ahmes-Nefertari -- Dynasty 18: Hatshepsut -- Late Dynasty 18: Tiy and Nefertiti -- Dynasty 19: Nefertari and Tawosret -- Powerful royal women after the late New Kingdom -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 4 The image of Nefertiti -- Introduction to the image of Nefertiti -- Thebes, the early years -- The queen in the new capital -- The aftermath -- An alternative ending? -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 5 The God's Wife of Amun: Origins and rise to power -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 6 The role and status of royal women in Kush -- Introduction -- Sources -- Archaeological sources -- Pictorial presentations -- (Egyptian) texts -- Classical authors -- Appearance in textual and visual representations -- Names and titles -- Costume -- The functions of the royal women in the Kushite kingdom -- Roles in cultic actions -- Roles in succession and coronation -- Roles in the ideology of kingship -- Ruling queens -- Final remarks -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography. 7 Ptolemaic royal women -- Introduction -- The valorization of the royal conjugal couple -- Royal partnership in political matters and joint rules -- The dynastic cult and the representation of the rulers in Egyptian temples -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 8 Berenike II -- Introduction -- Berenike's early years -- Berenike as a Ptolemaic basilissa -- Poetic images of Berenike II -- Regency and co-rule? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 9 Royal women and Ptolemaic cults -- Arsinoë II - the religious role model of the deified basilissa -- Arsinoë - a new Greek goddess in Alexandria and beyond -- Arsinoë: becoming an Egyptian goddess -- Berenike II - the political role model of Ptolemaic female pharaohs -- The Kleopatras -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 10 Ptolemaic women's patronage of the arts -- Ptolemaic patronage: gendered strategies of representation -- Berenike I -- Arsinoë II and Berenike II -- Arsinoë III -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 11 The Kleopatra problem: Roman sources and a female Ptolemaic ruler -- Introduction -- Kleopatra and Caesar -- In Rome -- Back in Alexandria -- Kleopatra and Mark Antony -- The eastern "land grants" -- The Parthian Campaign -- Celebrating the Armenian victory -- The war against Octavian -- The battle of Actium -- Showdown in Egypt -- Suicide -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- Part III The ancient Near East -- 12 Invisible Mesopotamian royal women? -- Mesopotamian textual evidence -- Terminology -- Heavenly queens -- Ninsun-the loving mother -- Inanna/Ishtar-the dangerous lover -- Earthly queens -- Ku-Baba of Kish -- Enheduanna -- Sammu-ramat -- Naqi'a -- Adad-guppi -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 13 Achaimenid women -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations. Bibliography -- 14 Karian royal women and the creation of a royal identity -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 15 Seleukid women -- Introduction -- Apama, Seleukos I, and their progeny -- Stratonike and Antiochos I -- The clan of Achaios -- Laodike (2), Antiochos II Theos, and Berenike Phernophoros -- Split in the dynasty-the families of Seleukos II and Antiochos Hierax -- Laodike (5), Antiochos III, and their progeny -- Laodike (6) and (7): from Seleukos IV to Demetrios I (187-150) -- Kleopatra Thea and her royal consorts (150-121) -- The epilogue-in the shadow of Kleopatra Tryphaina and Selene -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 16 Apama and Stratonike: The first Seleukid basilissai -- Royal titles -- Early usages -- The title's benefits -- The basilissa's duties? -- Apama and Stratonike's legacy -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 17 Seleukid marriage alliances -- Antiochos I and Stratonike I -- Antiochos II and Laodike I -- Antiochos III and Laodike III -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 18 Royal mothers and dynastic power in Attalid Pergamon -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 19 Hasmonean women -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 20 Women at the Arsakid court -- Introduction -- Titles and ranks of Arsakid royal women and hierarchies at court -- Political influence of Arsakid royal women -- Mousa: an example of political influence? -- Arsakid marriage policy -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 21 Women of the Sassanid dynasty (224-651 CE) -- Introduction -- The sources -- The women of the early days of the dynasty -- Women of the fourth and fifth centuries -- The women of the Late Sassanian Period -- Conclusion: the position and scope of action of women of the Sassanid royal house -- Notes -- Abbreviations. Bibliography -- 22 Zenobia of Palmyra -- Introduction -- The events: a summary -- Zenobia in context -- Zenobia and the women of Palmyra -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- Part IV Greece and Macedonia -- 23 "Royal" women in the Homeric epics -- Homeric epics and Homeric society -- Before marriage: Polykaste and Nausikaa -- Inverted cases? Eumaios and Eurykleia -- Marriage: paternal decisions, marital presents, dowries -- Maturity: four literary heroines -- Conglomerate identities: Helena -- A background for Penelope: Klytaimnestra -- Outweighing the "king": Arete -- Managing crisis from the rear: Penelope -- Inside the seraglio: Trojan women -- Conclusion: no consistent sociology -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 24 Royal women in Greek tragedy -- Introduction -- Royal women in relation to the ruling authorities -- Monarchial heroines with executive power -- Monarchial heroines overthrowing executive power -- Monarchial heroines defying executive power -- Royal heroines challenging and deceiving the ruling authorities -- "Good wives" who make their stands against ruling authorities-who are also their husbands: Deianeira, Kreusa, Phaidra, ... -- The supreme woman-Helen's femininity versus ruling authorities -- Monarchial women fulfilling women's traditional roles -- Motherhood -- Lamenting the dead -- Relations with the gods -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 25 Argead women -- Introduction -- The sources -- Missing titles, significant names -- Succession advocacy and polygamy -- Historical developments -- Argead women and war -- Argead widows -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 26 Women in Antigonid monarchy -- Introduction -- The Antigonids before Demetrios Poliorketes' loss of Macedonia in 288 -- Reconstituted Antigonid rule, based in Macedonia. The growth of royal monogamy and the narrow presentation of Antigonid monarchy -- Basilissa and the ranking of royal wives -- Antigonid marriage alliances -- Wedding festivals -- Cults and royal women -- Euergetism and piety -- The sources and their significance -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- Part V Commonalities -- 27 Transitional royal women: Kleopatra, sister of Alexander the Great, Adea Eurydike, and Phila -- Introduction -- Kleopatra -- Adea Eurydike -- Phila -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 28 Women and dynasty at the Hellenistic imperial courts -- Introduction -- Royal women and dynastic succession -- Dynastic marriage -- Royal women as power brokers -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 29 Royal brother-sister marriage, Ptolemaic and otherwise -- Royal brother-sister marriage: appendix -- Royal Hellenistic marriages closer than first cousin -- The Argeads -- The Ptolemies -- The Seleukids -- The Antigonids -- Epiros -- Pontos -- Kommagene -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 30 Jugate images in Ptolemaic and Julio-Claudian monarchy -- Introduction -- Sibling gods and mother-loving kings -- From Mark Antony to the Julio-Claudians -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- Part VI Rome -- 31 Octavia Minor and patronage -- Introduction -- Biographical sketch -- Patronage -- Books -- Coins -- Portraits -- Portico -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 32 Livia and the principate of Augustus and Tiberius -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography -- 33 Julio-Claudian imperial women -- Introduction -- Julia the Elder and Julia the Younger -- Agrippina the Elder -- Claudia Livia Julia -- Valeria Messalina -- Agrippina the Younger -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Abbreviations -- Bibliography. 34 The imperial women from the Flavians to the Severi.
This volume offers the first comprehensive look at the role of women in the monarchies of the ancient Mediterranean.