TY  - BOOK
AU  - Holzmann,Robert
AU  - Palmer,Edward
AU  - Palacios,Robert
AU  - Sacchi,Stefano
TI  - Progress and Challenges of Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes: Volume 1. Addressing Marginalization, Polarization, and the Labor Market
SN  - 9781464814549
AV  - HD7105.4 .H659 2019 
U1  - 331.252 
PY  - 2020///
CY  - Washington, D. C.
PB  - World Bank Publications
KW  - Defined contribution pension plans
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. NDC: The Achievements and Challenges of Adulthood -- Part I Taking Stock -- Chapter 2. The Swedish NDC Scheme: Success on Track with Room for Reflection -- Chapter 3. The Latvian NDC Scheme: Success under a Decreasing Labor Force -- Chapter 4. The Italian NDC Scheme: Evolution and Remaining Potholes -- Chapter 5. The Polish NDC Scheme: Success in the Face of Adversity -- Chapter 6. The Norwegian NDC Scheme: Balancing Risk Sharing and Redistribution -- Chapter 7. The Greek Pension Reforms: Crises and NDC Attempts Awaiting Completion -- Part II Conceptualization and Promotion -- Chapter 8. NDC: The Generic Old-Age Pension Scheme -- Chapter 9. The ABCs of NDCs -- Part III Adjoining Zero Pillar with DC Schemes -- Chapter 10. Sweden: Adjoining the Guarantee Pension with NDC -- Chapter 11. Chile's Solidarity Pillar: A Benchmark for Adjoining a Zero Pillar with Defined Contribution Schemes -- Part IV The Challenges of Longevity -- Chapter 12. Overview of Heterogeneity in Longevity and Pension Schemes -- Chapter 13. Annuities in (N)DC Pension Schemes: Design, Heterogeneity, and Estimation Issues -- Chapter 14. NDC Schemes and Heterogeneity in Longevity: Proposals for Redesign -- Part V Accommodating Labor Market Change -- Chapter 15. NDC Schemes and the Labor Market: Issues and Options -- Chapter 16. Labor Market Participation and Postponed Retirement in Central and Eastern Europe -- Boxes -- Box 7.1 Recalibration of pensions-in-payment: A primer -- Box 7.2 Outline of the proposed three-pillar system for Greece -- Box 8.1 Definition of DC and DB schemes and their distinguishing features -- Box 15.1 New policy directions in the labor market -- Figures -- Figure 2.1 Average retirement age, select countries, 1970-2013; Figure 2.2 Indexation of NDC and transition benefits -- Figure 2.3 Sweden's balance (solvency) ratio under three scenarios, 2002-90 -- Figure 2.4 Historical and projected size of the NDC reserve fund under three scenarios, 2002-90 -- Figure 3.1 Development of Latvia's working-age population (ages 20-64) and contributing labor force, 1995-2015 -- Figure 3.2 Latvian population projections, 2015-60 -- Figure 3.3 Latvian demographic dependency ratios, 2015-60 -- Figure 3.4 Rate of growth of real wage rate per capita and of contributors, and the rate of inflation, 1997-2070 -- Figure 3.5 Distribution of pensions by pensioner type, 2016-70 -- Figure 3.6 Expenditures on pensions, 2016-70 -- Figure 3.7 Expenditures on pensions-NDC and pre-1996, 2016-70 -- Figure 3A.1 Persons paying contributions one or more months per year -- Figure 3A.2 Density of contributions paid 1-12 months in the years 1996-2016 -- Figure 4.1 Italy's pension expenditure, 2000-70 -- Figure 4.2 Life expectancy and old-age dependency ratio in Italy, 2017-65 -- Figure 4.3 Italy's wage bill versus GDP growth rate, 1996-2016 -- Figure 5.1 Inflow of new retirees by age and average retirement age, by sex, 1999-2017 -- Figure 5.2  Polish social insurance system finances -- Figure 5.3 Decomposition of projected changes in the size of the population active in the labor force, 2020-50 relative to 2015 -- Figure 5.4 Expenditures and revenues of the social insurance system in Poland, 2001-17 -- Figure 6.1 Annual labor incomes and annual pension benefits in Norway's old and new pension systems -- Figure 6.2 Labor force compared with number of pensioners -- Figure 6.3 Implicit contribution rate for pension expenditures under Norway's old and new pension systems -- Figure 6.4 Normalized simulated fiscal gap under Norway's old and new public pension systems; Figure 6.5 Gross total public pension benefits under Norway's new pension system by cohort, retirement age, and income level -- Figure 6.6 Estimated distribution of pension benefits in 2050 by income percentile and gender -- Figure 6.7 Net discounted value at age 62 for old-age pension benefits and contributions, all inhabitants -- Figure 7.1 Pensions as a percentage of GDP in Greece, Germany, and Italy, 2003-17 -- Figure 7.2 Primary pension deficits for the proposal and 2015 and 2018 Economic Policy Committee projections, Greece, 2013-60 -- Figure 8.1 The evolution of thinking on public pension schemes -- Figure 10.1 Relative income poverty in the elderly population and among those working age at various thresholds, 1995-2013 -- Figure 10.2 Anchored old-age poverty and equivalized median disposable income in different age groups, 1995-2013 -- Figure 10.3 Relative income poverty by household type, age, gender, education, and migration in the elderly population, 2013 -- Figure 10.4 Linear probabilities of relative income poverty in different elderly risk groups, 2013 -- Figure 10.5 Relative income poverty by gender in different elderly risk groups, 2013 -- Figure 10.6 Relative income poverty in different synthetic cohorts according to age -- Figure 10.7 Developments in the income packages of a synthetic cohort born 1930-50 according to age -- Figure 10.8 Reduction of relative income poverty attributed to different income components by elderly risk group, 2013 -- Figure 10.9 Income inequality, 1995-2013: Gini coefficients of disposable income of elderly and working-age populations -- Figure 10A.1 Relative income poverty (60 percent poverty threshold) by household type, age, gender, education, and migration in the elderly population, 2013 -- Figure 11.1 Subsidies and final pensions under Chile's New Solidarity Pillar; Figure 11.2 Old-age beneficiaries and average benefits, 2008-17 (July of each year) -- Figure 11.3 Distribution of old-age pension beneficiaries and average benefits (with and without Pension Solidarity Complement) by gender and years of contributions -- Figure 11.4 Coverage of Chile's pension system, with and without the New Solidarity Pillar -- Figure 11.5 Public expenditure (total and incremental) on Chile's New Solidarity Pillar -- Figure 12.1 U.S. male life expectancy at age 50 by midcareer average labor income quintile for birth cohorts of 1930 and 1960 (extrapolated) -- Figure 12.2 Present value of U.S. lifetime pension benefits by income quintile under mortality regimes of the 1930 and 1960 birth cohorts -- Figure 12.3 Present value of lifetime pension benefits by income quintile and pay-as-you-go pension system under mortality regimes of the 1930 and 1960 U.S. birth cohorts for men -- Figure 13.1 Considerations regarding the rate of return underlying the annuity -- Figure 13.2 Projected cohort remaining life expectancy at age 65 for Swedes who turned 65 in 2001-14 -- Figure 14.1 U.S. period life expectancy in 2014 at age 65 by household income percentile -- Figure 14.2 U.S. period life expectancy in 2014 at age 65 by nominal household income -- Figure 14.3 England and Wales period life expectancy in 2015 at age 65 by individual income percentile -- Figure 14.4 U.S. tax and subsidy rates by household income percentile -- Figure 14.5 England and Wales tax and subsidy rates by individual income percentile -- Figure 14.6 Actuarial fairness under heterogeneous life expectancy in a two-tier contribution scheme for alternative contribution rate splits -- Figure 14.7 England and Wales: Observed and approximated life expectancies -- United States: individualized annuities; Figure 14.8 Observed and approximated life expectancies-two-tier contribution scheme -- Figure 14.9 Observed and approximated total absolute tax and subsidy indicator -- Figure 15.1 The link between unused labor capacity and the "tax force to retire" -- Figure 15.2 Contribution of births, deaths, and migration to population growth in high-income countries -- Figure 15.3 Labor force participation in high-income countries -- Figure 15.4 Contribution of births, deaths, and migration to population development by region -- Figure 15.5 Labor force participation rates by gender in different regions -- Figure 15.6 Old-age contributor ratio, 2000 and 2014 -- Figure 15.7 Intertemporal budget constraint and selection of the retirement age -- Figure 15.8 Elderly labor force participation in high-income countries (Germany, Japan, United States), 1990-2015 -- Figure 15.9 Effective average retirement age in high-income Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, 1970-2014 -- Figure 15.10 Elderly labor force participation in different regions by gender, 1990-2015 -- Figure 15.11 Effective average retirement age in Latin America, China, and Europe and Central Asia by gender, 1970-2014 -- Figure 16.1 Average age of leaving the labor market in Central and Eastern Europe, 1996-2016 -- Figure 16.2 Expected duration of retirement in Central and Eastern Europe, 1996-2016 -- Figure 16.3 Composition of 55- to 64-year-olds in Central and Eastern Europe by highest level of education, actual values for 1996/1998-2016 and projections for 2026-46 -- Figure 16.4 Composition of 55- to 64-year-olds in Central and Eastern Europe by highest level of education, 1950-2010, and share of 20- to 29-year-olds by selected educational attainments, 1950-75; Figure 16.5 Period and cohort estimations for the expected duration of retirement in Central and Eastern Europe, 1996-2014
UR  - https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/orpp/detail.action?docID=5969338
ER  -