Sharing Higher Education's Promise Beyond the Few in Sub-Saharan Africa.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (121 pages)
- Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development Series .
- Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development Series .
Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Overview -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Equity in Education -- Context and Purpose -- Structure of This Book -- Key Definitions -- References -- Chapter 2 Supply and Demand -- Key Messages -- Growth in Supply -- Diversification of Supply -- Demand and Economic Development -- Economic Structure and Diversification -- Growth in Pre-Tertiary Enrollment -- Note -- References -- Chapter 3 Equity Patterns -- Key Messages -- Socioeconomic Status -- Gender -- Parents' Education -- Spatial and Regional Factors -- Students with Disabilities -- References -- Chapter 4 Equity of Opportunities -- Key Messages -- Inequity in Pre-Tertiary Levels of Education -- Costs of Pursuing Tertiary Education -- Government Expenditures -- Benefit Incidence Analysis -- Tertiary Admissions Policies -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Equity of Outcomes -- Key Messages -- Private Returns to Tertiary Education -- Public Returns to Tertiary Education -- Social Returns to Tertiary Education -- Social Mobility and Tertiary Education -- References -- Chapter 6 Government Policies to Address Inequity -- Key Messages -- Country Policy and Institutional Assessment -- Admissions Policy Initiatives -- Bridge Programs -- Financial Aid -- Diversification -- Budget Management -- Innovative Financing for Higher Education -- References -- Chapter 7 In-Depth Country Case Studies -- Introduction -- The Case of Ghana -- The Case of Guinea -- The Case of Kenya -- The Case of Malawi -- The Case of Mozambique -- The Case of Niger -- The Case of Nigeria -- The Case of Senegal -- The Case of Sierra Leone -- The Case of Uganda -- References -- Appendix List of Countries for Which Household Survey Data Are Available -- Box. Box 5.1 Does Higher Educational Attainment Lead to Higher Private Returns? The Case of the Democratic Republic of Congo -- Figures -- Figure 2.1 Gross Enrollment Ratio, by Region, 1970-2013 -- Figure 2.2 Share of Tertiary Enrollment in Private Institutions, 2000 and 2012 -- Figure 2.3 Number of Tertiary Students per 100,000 Inhabitants versus Share of Students Enrolled in Private Higher Education, 2012 -- Figure 2.4 Share of Short-Cycle Tertiary Education in Total Tertiary Education, 2012 -- Figure 2.5 Enrollment in Short-Cycle Tertiary Education versus Overall Tertiary Enrollment -- Figure 2.6 Tertiary Enrollment per 100,000 Inhabitants and GDP per Capita (Current US), 2013 -- Figure 2.7 Economic Structure by Employment, Latest Household Survey -- Figure 2.8 Share of Manufacturing and Services Employment -- Figure 2.9 Tertiary GER and the Share of Employees with Tertiary Education in the Public Sector -- Figure 2.10 Upper-Secondary Education GER and Growth Rate, 2000 and 2012 -- Figure 2.11 Senior Secondary and Tertiary GER -- Figure 3.1 Distribution of Income or Consumption, by Quintile -- Figure 3.2 Tertiary Education GER by Wealth Quintiles, by Sub-Saharan African Region -- Figure 3.3 Gross Enrollment Ratio for Postsecondary Education for African Countries -- Figure 3.4 Gross Enrollment Ratio, Gender Parity Index, and Tertiary Education -- Figure 3.5 Tertiary GER Gender Parity Index in Selected Countries, 2000 and 2012 -- Figure 3.6 Tertiary GER by Head of Household's Educational Attainment -- Figure 4.1 Mean Years of Schooling for Population Ages 15-64 Years, Top 20 Percent versus Bottom 80 Percent, by Income -- Figure 4.2 Inequity of Educational Attainment, 1990-2010 -- Figure 4.3 Education Attainment Inequality Index and Tertiary Enrollment per 100,000 Inhabitants in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries. Figure 4.4 Student Composition in Terms of Family Wealth Condition from Preschool to Tertiary-Level Education -- Figure 4.5 Education Expenditures as a Percentage of Household Non-Food-Related Expenditures -- Figure 4.6 Education and Private Income -- Figure 4.7 Share of Government Spending, by Level of Education -- Figure 4.8 Public Expenditures per Tertiary Student over the Costs of Educating One Student in Primary School, SSA and Countries with Similar Profile -- Figure 4.9 Ratio of Current Public Expenditures per Tertiary Student to Current Public Expenditures per Primary Student, SSA versus Non-SSA Countries -- Figure 4.10 Recurrent Expenditures as a Percentage of Total Expenditures in Tertiary Public Institutions -- Figure 4.11 Total Salaries as a Share of Total Expenditures in Tertiary Public Institutions, Selected SSA Countries -- Figure 4.12 Outbound Mobility Ratio, 2013 -- Figure 4.13 Lorenz Curves for Incidence of Public Expenditures in Tertiary Education in Ghana, Mali, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda -- Figure B5.1.1 Summary of Returns to Education -- Figure B5.1.2 Returns to Education, by Province -- Figure 5.1 A Classification of Market and Nonmarket Benefits of Education -- Figure 5.2 Earning Differences, by Education Level and Income Groups -- Figure 5.3 Earning Differences of the Bottom 40 Percent, by Levels of Education -- Figure 6.1 Equity of Public Resource Use and Tertiary Enrollment per 100,000 Inhabitants -- Figure 6.2 Country Policy and Institutional Assessment on Gender Equality and Tertiary Enrollment per 100,000 Inhabitants -- Figure 7.1 Benefit Incidence at Different Levels of Education -- Figure 7.2 Average Household Spending on Education, by Income Quintile -- Tables -- Table 4.1 Student Composition in Terms of Family Wealth Condition from Primary- toTertiary-Level Education. Table 4.2 Education Gini Coefficients in Ghana, Mali, Tanzania, and Malawi -- Table 5.1 Average Returns to Schooling, by Education Level and Gender -- Table B5.1.1 Average Schooling Statistics in the Democratic Republic of Congo -- Table B5.1.2 Estimated Opportunity Cost, by Level of Education -- Table 6.1 Student Loan Schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Table 7.1 Tertiary Education Indicators in Selected SSA Countries -- Table 7.2 Income Levels (Hourly FCFA) Dependent on Education and Professional Category.