Historic Indoor Microclimate of the Heritage Buildings : A Guideline for Professionals Who Care for Heritage Buildings.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (277 pages)
Intro -- Preface -- Why Starting from Afar? -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Architecture and Indoor Microclimate -- 1.1 Architecture and Indoor Microclimate -- 1.1.1 Which Are the Reasons Behind This Interest for Historic Indoor Microclimate? -- 1.2 Energy and Architecture -- 1.3 Indoor Microclimate, from Fire to Heating Systems: The Long-Time Assessment -- 1.4 Heritage Building and Microclimate -- 1.5 Thermal Comfort and History of Clothes and Food -- References -- Chapter 2: Indoor Microclimate -- 2.1 How to Study and Measure Historic Indoor Microclimate -- 2.1.1 Scientific Literature on Indoor Microclimate -- 2.1.2 Scientific Literature on Heritage, Thermal Comfort, and Energy Efficiency -- 2.1.3 Microclimate and Heritage Standard -- 2.2 Physical Variables -- 2.2.1 Air Temperature -- 2.2.1.1 Other Temperature Measurements -- 2.2.2 Relative Humidity -- 2.2.3 Air Speed -- 2.2.4 Indoor Air Pollution -- 2.2.4.1 Carbon Dioxide as an Indicator -- 2.2.4.2 Dust and AirFlow -- 2.3 Indoor Thermal Comfort -- 2.3.1 PMV and PPD Comfort Indexes -- 2.4 Interpret Physical Variables -- 2.4.1 Measure and Monitor -- 2.4.2 Historic Climatic form for Objects -- 2.4.3 Probes and Measuring Instruments -- 2.5 Graphic Outputs -- 2.5.1 Trend of a Single Physical Variable (x-time, y-value) -- 2.5.2 X/Y Graphic -- 2.5.3 Graphics with Cumulative Curves and Frequencies -- 2.5.4 Psychrometric Diagrams (Psychrometric Charts) -- 2.5.5 Indoor Microclimate Map -- Annex -- References -- Chapter 3: Historic Indoor Microclimate -- 3.1 Historic Indoor Microclimate (HIM): A New Research Area-Principles and Objectives -- 3.1.1 Historic Indoor Microclimate as a Research Field -- 3.1.2 Historic Indoor Microclimate as an Immaterial Heritage -- 3.2 Definition of Historic Indoor Microclimate, HIM -- 3.2.1 HIM and Its Articulation in Different Elements. 3.2.2 Original Indoor Microclimate (OIM) -- 3.2.3 Subsequent Indoor Microclimate (SIM) -- 3.2.4 Actual Indoor Microclimate (AIM) -- 3.3 Which Are the Goals? -- References -- Chapter 4: The Study of Historic Indoor Microclimate -- 4.1 Direct Investigation: Indoor Monitoring -- 4.2 Direct Investigation: Interviews, Reports, and Questionnaries -- 4.2.1 Interviews -- 4.2.2 Reports -- 4.2.3 Questionnaires: Duration and Content -- 4.2.3.1 Questionnaire Content -- 4.3 Direct Investigation: HVAC Survey -- 4.4 Indirect Investigation: Building Simulation -- 4.4.1 Modeling Software -- 4.4.2 Energyplus -- 4.4.3 ESP-r -- 4.4.4 TRNSYS -- 4.4.5 Heritage Building and Virtual Simulation -- 4.4.6 Virtual Modeling Steps -- 4.4.7 Building the Geometric Virtual Model (Architectonical Configuration) -- 4.4.8 Thermophysical Proprieties of the Building“s Shell -- 4.4.9 Thermal Zone Proprieties: Energy Load, Ventilation, Air Leakage, Human Behavior -- 4.4.10 Weather Data -- 4.4.11 Historical Weather Data -- 4.5 How to Use Virtual Environment in the Study of HIM -- 4.5.1 Virtual Environmental Calibration -- 4.5.2 Virtual Environmental of HIM Scenarios and Simulation -- 4.5.2.1 Architectonic Configuration -- 4.5.2.2 Historic Climate and Past Thermal Comfort -- 4.5.2.3 Usage Modes, Occupation, and Management of the Building and of the Visitors“ Path -- 4.5.2.4 Diagnoses of Audit of the Building and Lending Protocols -- 4.5.2.5 Project Configuration -- 4.5.2.6 Strategies to Preserve Artifacts and Outfitting -- 4.5.2.7 Individuation of Evaluation Indexes for Heritage Building -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: The Investigation -- 5.1 Indirect and Direct Investigation -- 5.2 Indirect Investigations -- 5.2.1 Archives -- 5.2.2 Iconographic and Bibliographic Research -- 5.3 Direct Investigations -- 5.3.1 Geometric Survey -- 5.3.2 Mapping of Technical Systems. 5.3.3 HVAC Systems -- 5.3.4 Project of Monitoring of Actual Indoor Microclimate -- References -- Chapter 6: Buildings“ Indoor Microclimate Quality (IMQ): Assessment and Certification -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Why a Microclimate Certification for Historic Buildings and Museums? -- 6.3 From a Single-Objective to a Multi-Objective Microclimate Management for Collections -- 6.4 Critical Aspects of Microclimate Certification for Historic Buildings and Museums -- 6.4.1 Critical Aspects of Microclimate Certification for Historic Buildings and Museums: Preparatory Activities -- 6.4.2 Critical Aspects of Microclimate Certification for Historic Buildings and Museums: Certification Model Development -- 6.5 Simultaneous Indoor Microclimatic Certification for People and Artifacts -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Design Criteria and Strategies -- 7.1 How to Create a Particular Microclimate (in Past Times, and Now) -- 7.2 Decay Due to Indoor Microclimate Changes. Origin of the Phenomena and Effects on Historic Architecture -- 7.3 The Goals and the Tools (for Interventions Aiming at Modifying Indoor Microclimate in Historic Architectures) -- 7.4 Criteria and Modalities of Intervention on Microclimate of Historic Architecture -- References -- Chapter 8: Malatestiana Library in Cesena, Italy -- 8.1 The Building: Geometry and Structure -- 8.1.1 The Manuscripts -- 8.2 Indoor Microclimate Research -- 8.2.1 Malatestiana Library Management -- 8.2.2 Role of the Keepers in Maintaining the Indoor Microclimate -- 8.2.3 Managing the Opening of the Windows -- 8.3 Indoor Microclimate Measurement In Situ -- 8.3.1 The Monitoring Campaign -- 8.3.1.1 The Microclimatic Probes -- 8.4 Results of the In Situ Monitoring Campaign -- 8.4.1 The Distribution of Temperature and RH in the Environment -- 8.4.2 The Role of the Attic in Reducing Solar Radiation Effects. 8.5 The Malatestiana Library Building Simulation -- 8.6 The Specific Indoor Environment Called Malatestiana Microclimate -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Villa La Petraia (Florence) UNESCO World Heritage -- 9.1 History of Building -- 9.2 Indirect and Direct Investigation -- 9.2.1 Archives and Catalogue Research -- 9.2.2 Indirect Investigation Matches Direct Investigation -- 9.2.2.1 Fireplaces and Heating Vents -- 9.2.2.2 Stoves -- 9.2.2.3 Heating System by Electric Fan Coil -- 9.2.2.4 Daily Management of Villa La Petraia -- 9.2.2.5 Historical Change Effect on Natural Ventilation -- 9.3 Monitoring Campaign -- 9.4 Virtual Model Methodology Steps to Study Historic Indoor Microclimate -- 9.4.1 Step 1: Construction of the Virtual Model -- 9.4.2 Step 2: Variables to Simulate the Virtual Model (Boundary Conditions) -- 9.4.2.1 Calibration of Virtual Model by Weather Data 2015 -- Indoor Air Temperature Trend Calibration (Monitoring Campaign Versus Virtual Simulation Results) -- 9.5 Scenarios and Results -- 9.5.1 Scenario Without Covering of the Internal Courtyard with Weather Data from 2015 -- 9.5.2 Scenario Without Covering of the Internal Courtyard with Weather Data from 1650 -- 9.5.2.1 Configuration of the Building in 1650 -- 9.5.2.2 Climatic Data Collected in Florence in 1650 -- Results -- 9.5.2.3 State of Art (Actual as It Is) -- 9.5.2.4 Results of Historic Conformation and Climatic Data from 2015 -- 9.5.2.5 Results of Historic Conformation and Climatic Data from 1650 -- 9.6 Restoration Strategies Based on Indoor Microclimate Simulations -- References -- Chapter 10: The Santuario della Visitazione del Valinotto, Turin, Italy -- 10.1 The Building -- 10.1.1 History of Santuario del Valinotto -- 10.1.2 Indoor Microclimate of Valinotto as the Object of the Study -- 10.1.3 Convective Thermal Exchange -- 10.2 The Monitoring Campaign on Site. 10.2.1 The Monitoring System -- 10.2.2 Probe Placement -- 10.2.3 Monitoring Data -- 10.3 Results of Indoor Microclimate Monitoring -- 10.3.1 Risk Phenomena -- 10.4 Microclimate of the Santuario del Valinotto -- 10.4.1 The Graphic of Air Temperature/Relative Humidity -- 10.4.2 Cumulative Curves -- 10.5 The Software Model: Why It Has Not Been Done -- 10.6 Conclusions -- Reference -- Chapter 11: Vleeshuis Museum: Antwerp (Belgium) -- 11.1 History and Building Characteristics -- 11.2 Onsite Building Monitoring for Indoor Microclimate Diagnosis and Certification -- 11.3 Indoor Microclimate Diagnosis: Methodology -- 11.3.1 Portable Humidifiers -- 11.3.2 Visitors and Staff -- 11.3.3 Ventilation due to the Operating of the Entrance Sliding Door -- 11.3.4 Moisture in the Masonries -- 11.4 Indoor Microclimate Quality (IMQ) Certification: Methodology -- 11.5 Indoor Microclimate Diagnosis: Results -- 11.5.1 Influence of Humidifiers on Air Vapor Concentration -- 11.5.2 Influence of People on Air Vapor Concentration -- 11.5.3 Influence of Entrance Door Operation on Air Vapor Concentration -- 11.6 Indoor Microclimate Quality (IMQ) Certification: Results -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References.