TY  - BOOK
AU  - Tyagi,Vinay Kumar
AU  - Khan,Abid Ali
AU  - Jern,Ng Wun
TI  - Post Treatments of Anaerobically Treated Effluents
SN  - 9781780409740
AV  - TD756.45 .P678 2019 
U1  - 628.357 
PY  - 2019///
CY  - London
PB  - IWA Publishing
KW  - Sewage-Purification-Anaerobic treatment
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Editors -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Two challenging ways of resynthesis in order to connect anaerobic digestion to new value chains -- References -- Part 2: Anaerobic Treatment -- Chapter 2: Fundamentals of anaerobic treatment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Biochemical Pathway of Anaerobic Digestion -- 2.2.1 Hydrolysis -- 2.2.2 Acidogenesis -- 2.2.3 Acetogenesis -- 2.2.4 Methanogenesis -- 2.3 Microbes Involved in Various Stages of the AD Process -- 2.4 Current Scenario of Wastewater and Organic Solid Waste Treatability -- 2.5 Types of Anaerobic Digesters -- 2.5.1 Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) -- 2.5.2 Anaerobic rotating biological contractor (ARBC) -- 2.5.3 Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) -- 2.5.4 Anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) -- 2.5.5 Anaerobic filters (AF) -- 2.5.6 Anaerobic expanded bed reactor (AEBR) -- 2.5.7 Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) -- 2.6 Digester Performance and their Optimization -- 2.7 Factors Influencing the Effluent Characteristics and Treatability -- 2.7.1 pH -- 2.7.2 Temperature -- 2.7.3 Hydraulic retention time (HRT) -- 2.7.4 Organic loading rate (OLR) -- 2.7.5 Nutrients Composition -- 2.7.6 Alkalinity -- 2.7.7 Inhibitory by-products -- 2.8 Various Applications and Future Outlook in Anaerobic Digesters -- 2.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Performance of anaerobic treatment at low temperatures -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Temperature Effects on Anaerobic Organic Matter Conversion -- 3.2.1 Degradability, degradation kinetics and degradation pathway -- 3.3 Application of the UASB Reactor for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Subtropical Climate Areas -- 3.3.1 Current solutions for application of anaerobic reactors in subtropical areas -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part 3: Post-treatment Methods for Wastewater; Chapter 4: Micro-aerobic technologies for UASB effluent polishing: An overview -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Micro-aerobic Technologies for Anaerobic Effluents Polishing -- 4.2.1 Aerobic granular biomass process (AGB) -- 4.2.2 Downflow hanging sponge (DHS) system -- 4.2.3 Anoxic-aerobic system -- 4.2.4 Aerated biofilter -- 4.2.5 Various combinations of ASP and surface/diffused aeration with other processes -- 4.2.6 Modified polishing ponds and course rock filter -- 4.2.7 Intermittent micro-aerobic UASB -- 4.3 Comparison of Some Post-treatment Technologies -- 4.4 Summary -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5: Post treatment of anaerobic effluents: common applications and future perspectives for municipal wastewater treatment -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Background -- 5.1.2 Limitations of anaerobic systems for municipal wastewater treatment -- 5.2 Post-treatment Alternatives -- 5.2.1 COD, N, P removal -- 5.2.2 Dissolved methane recovery and removal systems -- 5.2.3 Pathogen removal -- 5.3 Future Perspectives -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Post treatment of anaerobic effluents by membrane filtration -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Membrane Bioreactor Technology -- 6.2.1 Configuration of membrane bioreactors -- 6.2.2 Membrane materials and pore size classification -- 6.3 Fouling Development and Control -- 6.3.1 Characteristics of biomass and fouling substances -- 6.3.2 Fouling mechanisms -- 6.3.3 Fouling control -- 6.4 Dynamic Membranes -- 6.5 Membranes and Anaerobic Reactors -- 6.5.1 Anaerobic membrane bioreactors: some particularities -- 6.5.2 Dynamic membranes as a post-treatment step for anaerobic effluents -- 6.6 Challenges and Research Opportunities for Consolidating the use of Membranes on Anaerobic Treatment -- References; Chapter 7: Electrochemical process coupled to anaerobic digestion for sustainable wastewater treatment in the future -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion -- 7.3 Types of Anaerobic Reactors -- 7.4 Electrochemical Processes for Anaerobic Effluent Upgrade -- 7.4.1 Electrochemical pretreatment to enhance biodegradability -- 7.4.2 Electrochemical post-treatment for effluent upgrade -- 7.4.3 Novel electrochemical applications -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Trends and perspectives of anaerobic technologies in the face of stringent disposal standards -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Anaerobic: Aerobic Systems -- 8.2.1 Ponds -- 8.2.2 Aerobic activated sludge system -- 8.3 Design and Retrofit of Anaerobic Processes -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part 4: Post-treatment Methods for Organic Solid Waste -- Chapter 9: Post treatment of effluents from anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Current Industrial Processes -- 9.3 Technological Alternatives for Supernatant Treatment -- 9.4 Thermal Pretreatment and Ammonia Stripping -- 9.4.1 Preliminary stripping experiments -- 9.4.2 Impact of stripping on supernatant anaerobic biodegradability -- 9.4.3 Impact of pretreatment on continuous reactors operation -- 9.5 Mass and Energy Balance of the Different Alternatives -- 9.5.1 Mass Balance -- 9.5.2 Energy balance -- 9.6 Economical Assessment of Different Treatment Alternatives -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Polyhydroxyalkanoates production from the effluent of the acidogenic anaerobic digestion: an overview -- 10.1 Problems Associated with Conventional Plastics -- 10.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAS) -- 10.2.1 Introduction to PHAs -- 10.2.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates from volatile fatty acids produced in the dark fermentation process; 10.3 Main Variables that Influence the PHAs Production and Associated Performance -- 10.3.1 Concentration of substrate and distribution of VFAs -- 10.3.2 pH -- 10.3.3 Temperature -- 10.3.4 Ratio C/N -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11: Post treatment of anaerobically digested municipal sludge for enhanced ammonia, odors, coliforms, and micropollutants removal -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biological Treatment -- 11.2.1 Post-AERO digestion -- 11.2.2 Post-AERO/ANOX digestion -- 11.2.3 Nitritation-denitritation of AN digester dewatering centrate -- 11.2.4 Partial nitritation and anammox of AN digester dewatering centrate -- 11.2.5 Bioaugmentation -- 11.3 Physicochemical Treatment -- 11.3.1 Struvite precipitation -- 11.3.2 Ozonation -- 11.3.3 Thermal hydrolysis -- 11.3.4 Odors Generated during and after AN Digestion -- 11.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Post treatment of anaerobically pretreated landfill leachate -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Post-treatment Technologies for Anaerobically Pretreated Landfill Leachate (LL) -- 12.2.1 Suspended and attached growth system -- 12.2.2 Immobilized nanoparticles -- 12.2.3 Microbial fuel cells -- 12.2.4 Reverse osmosis (RO) -- 12.2.5 Coagulation process -- 12.3 Removal of Emerging (Priority) Pollutants from Landfill Leachate -- 12.3.1 Phenolic and Phthalic acid esters -- 12.3.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- 12.3.3 Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds -- 12.3.4 Acetaminophen (ACT), Bisphenol A (BPA), Clofibric acid (CA), Caffeine (CF), Crotamiton (CTMT), Diclofenac (DCF), N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), Gemfibrozil (GFZ), Lincomycin (LIN), Salicylic acid (SA) and Sulphamethazine (SMZ) -- References -- Chapter 13: Pretreatments of digestates from anaerobic digestion for agronomic uses -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Digestate Characteristics for Agronomic Use; 13.3 Management of Digestate for Agronomic Use -- 13.4 Legal Framework of its Possible Use in Agriculture -- 13.5 Pretreatment Alternatives for Agronomic Uses -- 13.5.1 Direct application on agricultural soils -- 13.5.2 Solid-liquid segregation -- 13.5.3 Use of the solid fraction of the digestate (SFD) -- 13.5.4 Use of the liquid fraction of the digestate (LFD) -- 13.5.5 Other possible non-agronomic uses -- 13.6 Agronomic Uses of Digestates -- 13.6.1 Benefits of use of digestate in agriculture: animal manure -- 13.6.2 Examples of agronomic uses of digestates -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14: Identification of recalcitrant compounds after anaerobic digestion with various sludge pretreatment methods -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Characteristics of Recalcitrant Compounds During Sludge Digestion -- 14.3 Release or Formation of Recalcitrants During Pretreatment and Digestion -- 14.3.1 Physical pretreatment -- 14.3.2 Alkaline pretreatment -- 14.3.3 Biological pretreatment -- 14.4 Potential Methods to Remove the Recalcitrant Compounds -- 14.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Nutrients recovery from anaerobic digestate -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Use of Liquid Digestate for Algae Growth -- 15.3 Digestate Conversion into Energy -- 15.3.1 Digestate recycling for methane production -- 15.3.2 Co-composting of anaerobic digestate and other substrates -- 15.3.3 Bioethanol production -- 15.3.4 Thermal conversion of solid digestate for biochar production -- 15.4 Generation of Value-added Products -- 15.4.1 Organic conditioner -- 15.4.2 Soil fertilizer -- 15.5 Research Outlooks -- 15.5.1 Digestate market -- 15.5.2 Technologies for nutrients recovery from anaerobic digestate -- References -- Chapter 16: Post-treatment methods for organic solid wastes -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Mechanical Post-treatment Methods for Digestate (Solids and Liquor); 16.2.1 Thickening
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