Image-Guided Surgery : Fundamentals and Clinical Applications in Otolaryngology.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (233 pages)
Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Brief History of Image-Guided Surgery -- Overview of How Image-Guided Surgery Works -- The Evolution of IGS -- Images -- Putting It All Together: CT and MRI in IGS -- References -- 2. CT AND MRI -- How CT Works -- Intraoperative CT Scanners -- Stationary CT Scanners -- Portable CT Scanners -- MRI -- How MRI Works -- Why Is Understanding Imaging Important in Using IGS? -- Inaccuracy in Images -- 2D Presentation of 3D Images -- References -- 3. Tracking Systems -- Overview -- Optical Tracking -- Electromagnetic (EM) Tracking -- Summary -- References -- 4. Registration -- Fiducial Markers and Points -- Skin-Affixed, Fiducial Markers and Points -- Bone-Affixed, Fiducial Markers and Points -- Rigid Point Registration -- Surface Registration -- Accuracies for Various Types of Fiducials -- Fiducials During Navigation -- Fusion -- References -- 5. Error Analysis -- Extrinsic Versus Intrinsic Error -- Fiducial Localization Error (FLE) -- Fiducial Registration Error (FRE) -- Target Registration Error (TRE) -- Error Relationships -- Relating TRE to FLE -- Relationships Involving FRE -- Probe Localization Error (PLE) -- Stubborn Myths -- Myth 1: FRE Is an Indicator of TRE -- Myth 2: Dropping a Fiducial Will Increase Accuracy -- Myth 3: Planar Fiducial Configurations Are Bad -- Summary -- References -- 6. Best Practicesfor Use of IGS -- Who Is Using IGS? -- Is IGS Safer for Patients? -- Does IGS Help Make Better Surgeons? -- Professional Society Position Statements -- Is IGS Financially Sustainable? -- Less Litigation? -- Overview -- References -- 7. Surgical Systems -- Current FDA-Cleared IGS for ENT -- Medtronic -- Brainlab -- Clinical Accuracy of Electromagnetic (EM) Tracking Systems -- Stryker -- Smaller IGS Companies -- Fiagon -- ClaroNav -- Summary -- References -- 8. What Does the Future Hold?. Computer-Assisted Navigation -- Augmented Reality -- Visual Augmented Reality -- Nonvisual Augmented Reality -- Robots -- History -- History of Autonomous Robots -- Current FDA-Cleared Autonomous Robots -- What Autonomous Robots Does Otolaryngology Need? -- Conclusions -- References -- Index.
Image-guided surgery (IGS) is the term used for surgical procedures in which the surgeon employs tracked surgical instruments with preoperative or intraoperative images in order to navigate during the procedure. Intended to educate practicing surgeons as well as provide an introduction to the field for engineers, this book includes chapters on history, CT and MRI, tracking, registration, error analysis, evidence-based practices, FDA-cleared IGS systems, and future applications, as well as more than 90 full-color figures.