Spetzler, Robert F. <br/><br/>
Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations. 

 - 1st ed. 
 - 1 online resource (344 pages) 
 - Issn Series ;  v.Volume 143 .
 - Issn Series .
<br/><br/>Front Cover -- Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations -- Copyright -- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- Contents -- Part I: Arteriovenous Malformations -- Section 1: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations -- Chapter 1: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, and prognostic classifications of cerebral arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Classification systems -- Genetics -- Pathophysiology -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: The natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Demographics -- Clinical presentation -- Seizure risk -- Hemorrhage risk -- Prior hemorrhage -- Deep venous drainage -- Deep location -- Associated aneurysms -- Pregnancy -- Age and sex -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Arteriovenous malformations: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Clinical presentation and natural history -- Diagnostic evaluation -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Seizures associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Pathophysiology of epileptogenesis -- Mechanisms in AVM-related epilepsy -- Extended epileptogenic zone and secondary foci -- Natural history and epidemiology -- Drug-resistant epilepsy -- Drug treatment -- Presurgical diagnostics -- Surgical strategies -- Epilepsy surgery concepts applicable in AVM removals -- Postoperative seizures and outcome assessment -- Early postoperative seizure versus de novo epilepsy -- Seizure outcomes -- Seizure outcomes after microsurgery -- Seizure outcomes after embolization -- Seizure outcomes after radiosurgery -- Short summary of management strategy -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Surgical management -- Background. Risk of hemorrhage and outcomes of hemorrhage in untreated bAVM -- Surgery to reduce risk of seizure -- bAVM associated with proximal intracranial aneurysms -- Risk of surgery -- Who benefits from surgery? -- Who does not benefit from surgery? -- Who may be considered for surgery, but in whom evidence for benefit is uncertain? -- Performance of surgery -- Principles underlying competent surgery -- Technical execution of microsurgery -- Arachnoid dissection -- Controlling blood vessels in the sulci -- Corticotomy -- White-matter dissection -- Final surgical hemostasis -- Preoperative functional imaging, intraoperative angiography, and indocyanine green angiography -- Perioperative surgical management -- References -- Chapter 6: Endovascular management of arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Patient evaluation -- Patient and clinical factors -- Angiographic factors -- Summary of key features germane to embolization -- Clinical decision making -- Surgical treatment -- Embolization as an adjunct to surgical treatment -- Radiosurgical treatment -- Embolization as an adjunct to radiosurgical treatment -- Embolization as sole therapy -- Technical nuances -- Patient outcomes -- References -- Chapter 7: Radiosurgery for the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Obliteration after AVM radiosurgery -- Adverse radiation effects after AVM radiosurgery -- Latency-period hemorrhage after AVM radiosurgery -- Grading systems for predicting outcomes after AVM radiosurgery -- Spetzler-Martin grade -- Radiosurgery-based AVM score -- Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale -- Seizure outcomes after AVM radiosurgery -- Staged radiosurgery for large AVMs -- Current controversies in AVM radiosurgery -- Effect of prior embolization on AVM radiosurgery outcomes -- Radiosurgery for unruptured AVMs -- Conclusions -- References. Chapter 8: Multimodality management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Natural history and presentation of arteriovenous malformations -- AVM grading scales -- Radiosurgery-based AVM score -- Major paradigms in arteriovenous malformation management -- Microsurgical resection as monotherapy -- Radiosurgery as monotherapy -- Endovascular embolization as monotherapy -- Observation and conservative management -- Clinical decision making and multimodality treatment -- EE followed by microsurgical resection -- SRS followed by microsurgical resection -- Microsurgical resection followed by SRS -- EE followed by SRS -- Other MMT studies -- Pediatric AVM MMT -- Eloquent location -- The impact of ARUBA on the treatment of unruptured brain AVMs -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Section 2: Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas -- Chapter 9: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and prognosis of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Historic perspective -- Pathogenesis and the role of venous sinus occlusion/thrombosis -- Diagnostic evaluation and classification systems -- Clinical presentation -- Natural history and prognosis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Surgical management of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae -- Introduction -- Clinical presentation -- Types of DAVFs -- Clinical features and technical nuances based on DAVF type -- Carotid-cavernous fistulae -- Superior sagittal sinus DAVF -- Sphenoparietal sinus DAVFs -- Ethmoidal DAVFs -- Galenic DAVFs -- Straight sinus DAVFs -- Torcular DAVFs -- Tentorial sinus DAVFs -- Superior petrosal sinus DAVFs -- Incisural DAVFs -- Infratentorial DAVFs -- Transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVFs -- Marginal sinus DAVFs -- Inferior petrosal sinus DAVFs -- Treatment decision making -- References. Chapter 11: Endovascular management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas -- Introduction -- Aggressive DAVFs -- Endovascular management -- Patient evaluation -- General tenets -- Behavior and treatment by location -- Transverse sigmoid DAVFs -- Case example -- Carotid-cavernous DAVFs -- Superior sagittal sinus DAVFs -- Tentorial DAVFs -- Anterior cranial fossa (ethmoidal) DAVFs -- Superior petrosal sinus DAVFs -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Radiosurgery for dural arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Pathogenesis -- Presentation -- Classification -- Natural history -- Radiosurgery for the management of DAVFs -- Procedure -- Outcomes following radiosurgery -- Conclusion -- References -- Section 3: Spinal vascular malformations -- Chapter 13: Classification and pathophysiology of spinal vascular malformations -- Introduction -- Anatomy -- Pathophysiology -- Classification systems -- The American/English/French connection and the Borden system -- The Spetzler et al. classification system -- Extradural sAVFs -- Intradural dorsal sAVFs -- Intradural ventral sAVFs -- Extradural-intradural sAVMs -- Intramedullary sAVMs -- Conus medullaris sAVMs -- References -- Chapter 14: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and prognosis of spinal arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Spinal vascular anatomy -- Anterior spinal artery -- Posterior spinal arteries -- Epidemiology -- Diagnostic evaluation -- Natural history and prognosis -- Extradural AVFs -- Intradural dorsal AVFs -- Intradural ventral AVFs -- Extradural-intradural AVMs -- Intramedullary AVMs -- Conus medullaris AVMs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Spinal arteriovenous malformations: surgical management -- Introduction -- Natural history -- Treatment fundamentals -- Endovascular collaboration -- Perioperative monitoring and imaging. Exposure and approach -- Microsurgical technique and pial resection -- Intramedullary arteriovenous malformations -- Presentation -- Patient selection -- Surgical technique -- Outcomes -- Extradural-intradural arteriovenous malformations -- Conus arteriovenous malformations -- Presentation -- Patient selection -- Surgical technique -- Outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Endovascular treatment of spinal arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Classification schemes -- Basic spinal vascular anatomy -- Angioarchitecture by lesion type -- Intramedullary spinal AVMs -- Extradural-intradural AVMs -- Intradural ventral AVFs -- Spinal epidural AVFs -- Conus medullaris AVMs -- Clinical presentation -- Intramedullary spinal AVMs -- Extradural-intradural AVMs -- Intradural ventral AVFs -- Spinal epidural AVFs -- Conus medullaris AVMs -- Indications for treatment -- Anesthesia considerations -- General techniques of endovascular treatment -- Embolic agent selection -- Coils -- Particles -- NBCA or "glue -- Onyx -- Perioperative anticoagulation -- Equipment choices -- Principles of endovascular treatment -- Lesion-Specific endovascular treatment -- Intramedullary spinal AVMs -- Extradural-intradural AVMs -- Intradural ventral AVFs -- Spinal epidural AVFs -- Conus medullaris AVMs -- Postoperative care -- Angiographic and clinical outcomes of endovascular therapy -- Intramedullary spinal AVMs -- Extradural-intradural AVMs -- Intradural ventral AVFs -- Spinal epidural AVFs -- Conus medullaris AVMs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: Radiosurgical ablation of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology and clinical presentation -- Treatment modalities -- Radiosurgical experiences -- The stanford experience -- Patient population -- Radiosurgical technique -- Follow-up evaluations. Clinical outcomes. 
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>9780444636430 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
<br/><br/><label>Index Terms--Genre/Form: </label><br/>Electronic books.
<br/><br/><label>LC Class. No.: </label>RC388.5 
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>617.4/81