TY  - BOOK
AU  - Singh,Vijay Pratap
AU  - Singh,Samiksha
AU  - Prasad,Sheo Mohan
AU  - Parihar,Parul
TI  - UV-B Radiation: From Environmental Stressor to Regulator of Plant Growth
SN  - 9781119143635
AV  - QK757.U93 2017 
U1  - 571.4/56 
PY  - 2017///
CY  - Newark
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
KW  - Plants--Effect of ultraviolet radiation on
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 An Introduction to UV-B Research in Plant Science -- 1.1 The Historical Background -- 1.2 Biologically Effective Irradiance -- 1.3 UV-B-induced Effects in Plants -- 1.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 Stimulation of Various Phenolics in Plants Under Ambient UV-B Radiation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 UV-B Radiation -- 2.3 Phenolics -- 2.3.1 Chemistry of Phenolic Compounds -- 2.3.2 Biosynthesis and Subcellular Localization of Phenolics -- 2.3.3 Functions of Phenolic Compounds Depend on Their Localization -- 2.4 UV-B Radiation Stimulates Phenolic Induction -- 2.4.1 Mechanisms of UV-B Perception -- 2.4.2 UV-B-Induced Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds -- 2.4.3 Interactive Effects of UV-B with UV-A Radiation and PAR on Phenolics Accumulation -- 2.4.4 Interactive Effects of UV-B Radiation with other Environmental Factors on Phenolics Accumulation -- 2.5 UV-B-Induced Photomorphological Responses -- 2.5.1 Connection Between UV-B-Induced Morphological Responses and Phenolics -- 2.5.2 Effect of UV-B Radiation on Root Morphology in Relation to Phenolics -- 2.6 Photosynthesis Under UV-B Radiation -- 2.6.1 Interplay of Phenolics and Photosynthesis Under UV-B Radiation -- 2.7 UV-B Radiation Induces Phenolics Accumulation in Fruits -- 2.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3 UV-B Radiation: A Reassessment of its Impact on Plants and Crops -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Plant Production -- 3.3 Plant Protection Against UV-B -- References -- Chapter 4 Interaction of UV-B with the Terrestrial Ecosystem -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Growth and Development -- 4.3 Secondary Metabolites -- 4.4 Susceptibility to Herbivorous Insects -- 4.5 Plant Sexual Reproduction -- 4.6 Genomic Level -- 4.7 Conclusion; References -- Chapter 5 A Review on Responses of Plants to UV-B Radiation Related Stress -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Morphological and Yield Response to UV-B -- 5.3 Targets of UV-B in the Carbon Fixation Cycle -- 5.4 Photoreceptors and Signalling Pathway in Response to UV-B Radiation -- 5.5 Acclimatization and Protection in Response to UV-B -- 5.6 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Response to UV-B -- 5.7 DNA Damage and Repair Mechanism -- 5.8 Exclusion of UV Components: Experimental Approach to Study the Effect on Plants -- 5.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 6 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Defence System in Plants in Response to UV-B Stress -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Plant Protection Against UV Radiation -- 6.3 UV-B and ROS -- 6.4 UV-B and Antioxidant Enzymes -- 6.5 UV-B and Antioxidant -- 6.6 UV-B and Signalling -- 6.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 7 Major influence on phytochrome and photosynthetic machinery under UV-B exposure -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Photomorphogenesis in Higher Plants -- 7.2.1 Phytochrome system and its interaction with UV-B -- 7.2.2 Photomorphogenic responses of UV-B -- 7.2.3 UV-B signal transduction (UVR8) -- 7.3 Effect of UV-B Exposure on Photosynthetic Machinery -- 7.3.1 Direct effects of UV- B on photosynthetic machinery -- 7.3.1.1 Effects of UV-B stress on components involved in light reaction -- 7.3.1.2 Effect of UV-B stress on photosystems and cytochrome b6/f complex -- 7.3.2 Indirect effect of UV-B stress on components involved in dark reaction -- 7.3.2.1 Impact on regulation of stomata and Rubisco enzyme -- 7.3.3 UV-B induced ROS production in plants -- 7.3.4 Protective adaptation -- 7.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References; Chapter 8 UV-B Radiation-Induced Damage of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Green Leaves: Protective Strategies vis-a-vis Visible and/or UV-A Light -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 UV-B Effects on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Leaves -- 8.3 UV-A Effects on Photosynthetic Apparatus of Leaves (Damage and Promotion) -- 8.4 UV-A-Mediated Modulation of UV-B-Induced Damage -- 8.5 PAR-Mediated Balancing of UV-B-Induced Damage -- 8.6 Photosynthetic Adaptation and Acclimation to UV-B Radiation -- 8.7 Corroboration with Sensible Approach -- 8.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9 Ultraviolet Radiation Targets in the Cellular System:: Current Status and Future Directions -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Absorption Characteristics of Biomolecules -- 9.3 Action Spectrum -- 9.4 Targets of UV-B -- 9.4.1 Interaction with Nucleic acids -- 9.4.1.1 Deoxyribonucleic Acids -- 9.4.1.2 Ribonucleic Acids -- 9.4.2 Proteins -- 9.4.2.1 Tryptophan (Trp) -- 9.4.2.2 Tyrosine (Tyr) -- 9.4.2.3 Phenylalanine (Phe) -- 9.4.2.4 Histidine (His) -- 9.5 The Photosynthetic Machinery -- 9.5.1 Photosystem I and II -- 9.5.2 The Light-Harvesting Complexes -- 9.6 Cell Division and Expansion -- 9.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10 Silicon: A Potential Element to Combat Adverse Impact of UV-B in plants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The role of Silicon Against UV-B Exposure on Morphology of Plants -- 10.3 The defensive role of silicon against UV-B exposure on physiological and biochemical traits of plants -- 10.4 Silicon repairs anatomical structures of plants damaged by UV-B exposures -- 10.5 UV-B-induced oxidative stress and silicon supplementation in plants -- 10.6 Silicon supplementation and the status of antioxidant enzymes in plants exposed to UV-B -- 10.7 Silicon and level of phenolic compounds under UV-B stress; 10.8 Conclusion and future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11 Sun-Screening Biomolecules in Microalgae: Role in UV-Photoprotection -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Global Climate Change and UV Radiation -- 11.3 Effects of UV Radiation on Microalgae -- 11.4 UV-induced Defence Mechanisms -- 11.5 Sun-Screening Biomolecules as Key UV Photoprotectants -- 11.5.1 Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs) -- 11.5.2 Scytonemin -- 11.6 UV-Induced Biosynthesis -- 11.7 Photoprotective Function -- 11.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 Plant Response: UV-B Avoidance Mechanisms -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Ultraviolet Radiation: Common Source, Classification and Factors -- 12.2.1 Common Sources of UVR -- 12.2.2 Classification -- 12.2.3 Environmental Factors Affecting UV Level -- 12.3 UV-B and Human Health -- 12.3.1 Effects on the Skin -- 12.3.2 Effects on the Eyes -- 12.4 UV-B and Plant Responses -- 12.4.1 Morphological Responses -- 12.4.1.1 Visible Symptoms -- 12.4.1.2 Plant Growth and Leaf Phenology -- 12.4.1.3 Reproductive Morphology -- 12.4.1.4 UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis -- 12.4.2 Leaf Ultrastructure and Anatomy -- 12.4.3 Crop Yield -- 12.4.4 Photosynthesis -- 12.4.4.1 Pigments -- 12.4.4.2 Photosynthetic Machinery -- 12.4.5 Biochemical Responses -- 12.4.5.1 ROS Production in Plants -- 12.4.5.2 Free Radical Scavenging Mechanism -- 12.4.6 Molecular Responses -- 12.4.6.1 UV-B and Genes -- 12.4.6.1.1 Genes Damaged by UV Radiation -- 12.4.6.1.2 DNA Damage -- 12.4.6.2 UV and Proteins -- 12.4.6.2.1 Amino acids -- 12.5 UV-B Avoidance and Defence Mechanism -- 12.5.1 Avoidance at Morphological Level -- 12.5.1.1 Epicuticular Waxes -- 12.5.2 Avoidance at Biochemical Level -- 12.5.2.1 Possible Role of Pectin Endocytosis in UV-B Avoidance -- 12.5.3 Avoidance at the Molecular Level -- 12.5.3.1 DNA Repair -- 12.5.3.2 Genes and Avoidance; 12.5.3.3 UV-B Perceived by UVR8 Strongly Inhibits Shade Avoidance -- 12.5.4 UV-B and Secondary Metabolites -- 12.5.4.1 Plant Phenolics -- 12.5.4.2 Anthocyanin -- 12.5.4.3 Alkaloids -- 12.5.4.4 Isoprenoids -- 12.5.4.5 Glucosinolates -- 12.6 UV-B and its Significance -- 12.6.1 Ecological Significance -- 12.6.2 UV-B and Plant Competition -- 12.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 Impact of UV-B Exposure on Phytochrome and Photosynthetic Machinery: From Cyanobacteria to Plants -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Effect of UV-B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Cyanobacteria -- 13.2.1 Pigments -- 13.2.2 Photosynthetic Electron Transport System -- 13.2.3 Photophosphorylation and CO2 fixation -- 13.3 Effect of UV-B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Algae -- 13.4 Effect of UV-B Irradiation on Photosynthetic Machinery of Higher Plants -- 13.4.1 Pigments -- 13.4.1.1 Phytochrome -- 13.4.1.2 Chlorophylls, carotenoids and other pigments -- 13.4.2 Photosystem II -- 13.4.2.1 Oxygen-evolving complex -- 13.4.2.2 Plastoquinones and redox-active tyrosines -- 13.4.2.3 D1 and D2 proteins -- 13.4.3 Photosystem I -- 13.4.4 Cytochrome b6/f complex, ATP synthase and Rubisco -- 13.4.5 Net photosynthesis -- 13.5 Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14 Discovery of UVR8: New Insight in UV-B Research -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Photoperception in Plants -- 14.3 Discovery of UVR8: UV-B Photoreceptor -- 14.4 UVR8 Structure -- 14.4.1 Salt Bridge Interactions Mediate UVR8 Dimerization -- 14.4.2 Chromophore and Key Tryptophan Residues -- 14.5 Physiological Roles of UVR8 -- 14.5.1 Photomorphogenic Response Regulation by UVR8 -- 14.5.2 Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis -- 14.5.3 Plant-Pathogen and Plant-Herbivore Interactions -- 14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References; Chapter 15 UVR8 Signalling, Mechanism and Integration with other Pathways
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