TY  - BOOK
AU  - Bodle,David
AU  - Ghazi,Axel
AU  - Syed,Moninuddin
AU  - Woodside,Ralph
TI  - Characterization of the Electrical Environment
T2  - Heritage Series
SN  - 9781442632172
AV  - TK5103 .C48 1976 
U1  - 621.38 
PY  - 2014///
CY  - Toronto
PB  - University of Toronto Press
KW  - Telecommunication systems--Protection
KW  - Telecommunication systems--Safety measures
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Cover -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Purpose -- 1.2 Scope -- 1.2.1 Protection versus noise domain -- 1.2.2 Areas of usefulness -- 1.2.3 General protection considerations -- 1.3 Glossary -- 2. LIGHTNING EFFECTS ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS -- 2.1 Fundamental Aspects -- 2.1.1 General -- 2.1.2 Types and incidence of thunderstorms -- 2.1.3 Stroke incidence -- 2.1.4 Thunderstorm electrification -- 2.1.5 Mechanism of the lightning stroke -- 2.1.6 Lightning magnitudes and waveshapes -- 2.1.7 Soil resistivity -- 2.1.8 lonization producing soil breakdown -- 2.1.9 Plant damage -- 2.1.10 Exposure classification -- 2.2 Evaluation of Lightning Exposure Conditions -- 2.2.1 Stroke incidence to plant and structures -- 2.2.2 Aerial cables -- 2.2.3 Structures -- 2.2.4 Buried cables -- 2.2.5 Submarine cables -- 2.2.6 Correlation between theoretical predictions and reported plant troubles -- 2.2.7 Surge parameters - general -- 2.2.8 Cable plant - general considerations -- 2.2.9 Open wire communication lines - surge parameters -- 2.2.10 Aerial exchange cable - surge parameters -- 2.2.11 Buried trunk cable - surge parameters -- 2.2.12 Summary of surge current parameters -- 2.2.13 Parameters for simulation testing -- 2.2.14 Coaxial cable (20 tubes) -- 2.2.15 Crushing of buried cables by lightning -- 2.2.16 Consideration of multiple strokes -- 2.3 References -- 3. POWER INTERFERENCE (Under Abnormal Conditions) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Scope -- 3.3 Characteristics of Power Systems and Their Effects on Telecommunications Plant -- 3.3.1 General -- 3.3.2 Circuit connection -- 3.3.3 Load: electrical and geometric unbalances -- 3.3.4 Operating voltages -- 3.3.5 Power line length -- 3.3.6 Line construction and grounding -- 3.4 Power System Protection -- 3.5 Line Protection on Transmission Circuits -- 3.5.1 Pilot wire; 3.5.2 Phase comparison -- 3.5.3 Transfer tripping -- 3.5.4 Directional comparison -- 3.5.5 Relay types -- 3.5.6 Line protection on subtransmission and distribution circuits -- 3.6 Impedance - Resistance (X/R) Ratios -- 3.7 The Effects of System MVA Capacity -- 3.8 The Power Networks in Bell Canada Territory -- 3.9 Location of Communication Plant with Respect to the Power Network -- 3.10 Capacitive Coupling -- 3.10.1 Mechanism and formulas -- 3.10.2 The relative significance of electric induction -- 3.11 Resistive Coupling -- 3.11.1 Mechanism and formulas -- 3.11.2 Power contacts -- 3.11.3 Electrical requirements -- 3.11.4 Incidence of power contact in Bell Canada plant -- 3.12 Magnetic Coupling -- 3.12.1 General -- 3.12.2 Mechanisms and formulas -- 3.13 The Fault Current -- 3.13.1 Analysis -- 3.13.2 Residual current - variation with distance -- 3.14 L/G Fault Data -- 3.14.1 General -- 3.14.2 Fault resistances -- 3.14.3 Levels - distribution with respect to distance -- 3.14.4 Power system protection - fault clearing timing sequence -- 3.14.5 Power systems transmission and distribution -- 3.15 Geographical Parameters -- 3.15.1 General -- 3.15.2 Power exposure density -- 3.16 Other Considerations -- 3.16.1 Power system reliability -- 3.16.2 Skywire shielding -- 3.16.3 Problems in metropolitan areas -- 3.17 DC Offset - Overshoot -- 3.17.1 General -- 3.17.2 Significance of parameters -- 3.17.3 Transmission circuits (&amp -- #8805 -- 100 kV) -- 3.17.4 Resistive coupling -- 3.17.5 Distribution circuits -- 3.17.6 Variation in the reactances of the power network -- 3.17.7 Example -- 3.18 Cumulative Distribution Curves of Induced Voltages - Application to Future Systems -- 3.18.1 General -- 3.18.2 Algorithms -- 3.19 Recommendations -- 3.19.1 Pilot studies -- 3.19.2 Earth resistivity -- 3.19.3 Arrangements with power companies -- 3.19.4 A word of caution; 3.19.5 Continuous review of this report -- 3.20 References -- 4. ELECTRIC SHOCK -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Degrees of Shock -- 4.3 Variables Relating to Shock Severity -- 4.4 Physiological Effects -- 4.5 Electrical Model of the Human Body -- 4.6 Body Weight, Current, and Duration -- 4.6.1 General -- 4.6.2 Body weight -- 4.6.3 Threshold of perception -- 4.6.4 Let-go current -- 4.6.5 Fibrillation with relation to current and shock duration -- 4.7 DC Currents -- 4.8 Surge Currents of Very Short Duration -- 4.9 Alternating (20 Hz) in Combination with Direct Current -- 4.9.1 General -- 4.9.2 Application of results to shock problems -- 4.10 Summary of Electric Shock Effects on Humans -- 4.11 Effects on Humans of Radiation from Microwave Radio Transmitters -- 4.12 Acoustic Shock -- 4.13 Glossary -- 4.14 References -- 5. EARTH POTENTIAL GRADIENTS -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods of Determining Earth Potential Distribution Patterns -- 5.2.1 General -- 5.2.2 Basic analytical concepts -- 5.3 Field Measurements -- 5.4 Scale Model Tests -- 5.5 Existing Data -- 5.6 References -- 5.7 Appendix A: Potential Gradients along the Surface of the Earth - Analytical Considerations and Procedures -- A.1 General -- A.2 The earth potential on the surface of the earth around a vertical ground rod -- A.3 Potential gradient around a small multiple rod grounding array -- A.4 Potential gradients around large grounding structures -- A.5 Potential distribution in the vicinity of a buried horizontal conductor -- 5.8 Appendix B: Earth Potentials Produced by Magnetic Storms -- B.1 Magnetic storms - general information -- B.2 Earth potential effects on power and communication systems -- B.3 Conclusions -- B.4 References -- 6. CORROSION -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Corrosion Process -- 6.2.1 Mechanism -- 6.2.2 Corrosion rate -- 6.3 Sources of Corrosion; 6.3.1 Stray current corrosion -- 6.3.2 Galvanic corrosion -- 6.3.3 The pH of the environment -- 6.3.4 Corrosive agents -- 6.4 Control of Corrosion -- 6.4.1 General -- 6.4.2 Control of stray current corrosion -- 6.4.3 Control of galvanic corrosion -- 6.4.4 Control of crevice corrosion -- 6.4.5 Control of corrosion at soldered joints -- 6.4.6 Control of corrosion at welded joints -- 6.5 Cathodic Protection -- 6.5.1 General -- 6.5.2 Relation between protective current and corrosion current -- 6.6 Corrosion Measurements -- 6.6.1 Potential measurements -- 6.6.2 Current measurements -- 6.7 Materials -- 6.8 Economic and Environmental Considerations -- 6.8.1 Corrosion mitigation -- 6.8.2 Future environmental hazards -- 6.9 Conclusions -- 6.10 References -- 7. OVER-VOLTAGE IN AC POWER UTILIZATION CIRCUITS (600 V rms and Less) -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sources of Information -- 7.3 Exposure -- 7.4 Surge Magnitudes -- 7.5 Surge Waveshapes -- 7.6 Correlation of Measured Data with Experience -- 7.7 References -- 8. ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE: EFFECTS ON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND PROTECTION POLICY -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Protection Considerations -- 8.3 Unclassified Sources of EMP and Physical Hardening Information
N2  - Characterization of the Electrical Environment is a current reference on the design factors required to ensure reliable performance of communication facilities under field operating conditions
UR  - https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/orpp/detail.action?docID=4669397
ER  -