TY  - BOOK
AU  - Tsioufis,Costas
AU  - Schmieder,Roland E.
AU  - Mancia,Giuseppe
TI  - Interventional Therapies for Secondary and Essential Hypertension
T2  - Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection Series
SN  - 9783319341415
AV  - RC666-701.2 
U1  - 616.13206 
PY  - 2016///
CY  - Cham
PB  - Springer International Publishing AG
KW  - Heart_xSurgery
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Interventions for Secondary Hypertension -- 1: Interventions for Renovascular Hypertension -- 1.1  Introduction -- 1.2  Indications for Intervention -- 1.3  How Do the Study Results Look Like? -- 1.3.1  Impact of Revascularization on BP Control -- 1.3.2  Impact of Revascularization on Renal Function -- 1.3.3  Impact of Revascularization on Survival -- 1.3.4  Indications for PTRA -- 1.3.5  Contraindications Against PTRA -- 1.4  How to Diagnose a Hemodynamically Significant RAS -- 1.5  Procedural Aspects -- 1.5.1  Techniques and Devices for Endovascular Treatment of RAS -- 1.5.2  Pre- und Postprocedure Medication -- 1.5.3  Access Route -- 1.5.3.1  Femoral Access -- 1.5.3.2  Brachial or Radial Access -- 1.5.4  Preprocedural Angiography -- 1.5.5  Procedure -- 1.5.5.1  Atherosclerotic RAS -- 1.5.5.2  Dedicated Interventional Tools -- 1.5.5.3  Nonatherosclerotic RAS -- 1.5.6  Postprocedural Follow-Up -- 1.5.7  Potential Risks of the Procedure -- 1.5.8  Recommended Equipment Checklist -- 1.6  Patient Follow-Up -- References -- 2: Primary Aldosteronism: A Field on the Move -- 2.1  Introduction -- 2.2  Importance of Detecting Primary Aldosteronism in the Interventional Era -- 2.3  The Magnitude and the Consequences of the Problem -- 2.3.1  Prevalence -- 2.3.2  Cardiovascular Consequences -- 2.4  Diagnosis -- 2.5  Screening -- 2.5.1  Who to Screen -- 2.5.2  Aldosterone to Renin Ratio (ARR) -- 2.5.3  Expert Comment -- 2.6  Confirmation -- 2.6.1  Oral Sodium Load -- 2.6.2  Intravenous Saline Load -- 2.6.3  Fludrocortisone Test -- 2.6.4  Captopril Test -- 2.6.5  Expert Comment -- 2.7  Localization -- 2.7.1  Adrenal Venous Sampling -- 2.7.2  Adrenal Imaging -- 2.7.3  Nuclear Imaging -- 2.7.4  Expert Comment -- 2.8  Management and Follow-Up -- 2.8.1  Adrenalectomy; 2.8.2  Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists -- 2.8.3  Adrenalectomy Versus Medical Therapy -- 2.9  Diagnostic and Therapeutic Algorithm -- 2.9.1  Alternative Diagnostic Algorithms -- 2.9.2  Expert Comment -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: Pheochromocytoma/Paragangliomas -- 3.1  Introduction -- 3.2  Clinical Aspects -- 3.3  Diagnosis -- 3.3.1  Laboratory Findings -- 3.3.2  Anatomical Imaging -- 3.3.3  Functional Imaging -- 3.4  Treatment -- 3.4.1  Medical -- 3.4.2  Surgical -- 3.4.3  Palliative Therapy -- 3.5  Follow-Up -- References -- 4: Coarctation of the Aorta -- 4.1  Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis -- 4.2  Indications for Intervention -- 4.3  Therapy -- 4.4  Surgical Treatment -- 4.5  Transcatheter Therapies -- 4.6  Repair of Thoracic Pseudoaneurysms Late After Coarctation Repair -- 4.7  Long-Term Outcomes -- 4.8  Medical Management of Systemic Arterial Hypertension -- 4.9  Surgical Versus Percutaneous Treatment -- 4.10  Follow-Up -- References -- Part II: Adjunctive Therapies -- 5: Sleep Apnea -- 5.1  Introduction -- 5.2  OSAS and BP Levels -- 5.3  Epidemiological Evidence of the Association Between OSAS and Hypertension -- 5.4  Proposed Mechanisms for OSAS-Related Hypertension -- 5.5  Prognostic Relevance of OSAS-Related Hypertension -- 5.6  Diagnostic Approach to OSAS-Related Resistant Hypertension -- 5.7  Effects of Different Therapeutic Strategies on OSAS-­Related Resistant Hypertension -- 5.7.1  Effects of Lifestyle Changes and Weight Loss on OSAS-­Related Hypertension -- 5.7.2  Effects of CPAP Treatment on OSAS-Related Hypertension -- 5.7.3  Effects of Renal Sympathetic Denervation in OSAS-­Related Resistant Hypertension -- 5.8  Do Different Antihypertensive Drug Classes Have Different Effects on OSAS-Related Hypertension? -- Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Interventions for Essential Hypertension; 6: The Impact of Uncontrolled Hypertension on the Cerebrovascular System -- 6.1  Introduction -- 6.2  Blood Pressure Targets in Stroke Prevention -- 6.3  Uncontrolled BP and Cognitive Decline and Dementia -- References -- 7: The Impact of Uncontrolled Hypertension on the Heart -- 7.1  Mechanisms -- 7.2  Detection of Cardiac Damage in Hypertension -- 7.3  Treatment -- 7.4  What Is Uncontrolled Hypertension for Cardiac Complications? -- 7.5  The Issue of BP Target -- Conclusions -- References -- 8: Optimization of Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Resistant Hypertension -- 8.1  Introduction -- 8.2  Rationalization of the Three Drug Treatment Regimen -- 8.3  Increasing the Dose of the Prescribed Three Drugs -- 8.4  Addition of a Fourth Drug -- 8.5  Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists: Further Evidence -- 8.6  Unmet Needs -- References -- 9: Blood Pressure Measurement Before and After Intervention -- 9.1  Resistant Hypertension -- 9.2  Recommendations at the Evaluation -- 9.2.1  Office BP Measurements -- 9.2.2  Aortic BP -- 9.2.3  Out-of-Office BP -- 9.3  BP After Renal Denervation -- 9.4  Recommendations in the Evaluation -- 9.4.1  Office BP Measurements -- 9.4.2  Aortic BP -- 9.4.3  Out-of-Office BP -- References -- 10: Novel Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension -- 10.1  Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System -- 10.1.1  Activators of the ACE2/Angiotensin 1-7/Mas Receptor Axis (RAAS Counter-Regulatory System) -- 10.1.2  Anti-Aldosterone Agents -- 10.1.2.1 Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors -- 10.1.2.2 Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists -- 10.1.3  Centrally Acting Aminopeptidase Inhibitors -- 10.1.4  IRAP Inhibitors (Insulin-Regulated Membrane Aminopeptidase or Insulin-Responsive Aminopeptidase) -- 10.2  Vasopeptidase Inhibitors -- 10.2.1  Dual-Acting Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors; 10.2.2  Dual-Acting Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-Neprilysin Inhibitors -- 10.3  Natriuretic Peptide Receptor Agonists -- 10.4  Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor Agonist -- 10.5  Drugs Acting on the NO and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Pathway -- 10.6  Endothelin Receptor Antagonists -- 10.7  Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors -- 10.8  Intestinal Na+/H+ Exchanger 3 Inhibitor -- 10.9  Dopamine β-Hydroxylase (DβH) Inhibitor -- 10.10  Vaccines -- 10.11  Drugs for Treatment of Preeclampsia -- 10.12  Outlook: Novel Targets and Drugs Delivered from Genomics and Pharmacogenomics -- References -- 11: Adherence to Medications in Uncontrolled Hypertension -- 11.1  Introduction -- 11.2  Defining Adherence and Its Various Components -- 11.3  Clinical Assessment of Drug Adherence: A Major Challenge -- 11.4  Adherence in Hypertension -- 11.5  When Should Adherence Be Monitored in Hypertension? -- 11.6  How to Improve Drug Adherence in Uncontrolled Hypertension? -- Conclusions -- References -- 12: Pathophysiology of Renal Sympathetic Denervation (RSDN) -- 12.1  Introduction -- 12.2  What Types of Nerves Are Linking the Kidney to the Brain? -- 12.2.1  Renal Efferent Sympathetic Nerves -- 12.2.2  Renal Afferent Sympathetic Nerves -- 12.3  Effects of Kidney Nerves: Stimulation or Denervation? -- 12.4  Kidney-Nerve Interaction: Role of Denervation in Hypertension -- 12.5  Perspective-Conclusion -- References -- 13: Renal Denervation: A Historical Perspective -- 13.1  Introduction -- 13.2  Historical Perspective -- 13.2.1  Animal Models -- 13.3  Renal Denervation in Humans -- 13.4  Catheter-Based Renal Denervation -- Conclusion -- References -- 14: Procedural Aspects of Renal Sympathetic Denervation -- 14.1  Introduction -- 14.2  Optimal Sites for RDN -- 14.2.1  Renal Vascular Characteristics -- 14.2.2  Locating Sympathetic Nerves; 14.2.3  Lesion Sites for Increased Efficacy -- 14.3  Modalities and Systems for RDN -- 14.3.1  Radiofrequency Ablation -- 14.3.2  Ultrasound Ablation -- 14.3.3  Chemical Ablation -- 14.4  Prior to Procedure -- 14.4.1  Confirming Resistant Hypertension -- 14.4.2  Kidney Function -- 14.4.3  Age, Comorbidities, and Special Conditions -- 14.4.4  Imaging -- 14.4.5  Prevention of Contrast Nephropathy -- 14.5  Renal Denervation -- 14.5.1  Patient Preparation -- 14.5.2  Periprocedural Medication -- 14.5.3  Angiography -- 14.5.4  Renal Denervation Procedure -- 14.5.5  System-Specific Steps -- 14.5.5.1 Single-Electrode Systems -- 14.5.5.2 Multielectrode Systems -- 14.5.5.3 The Paradise® Ultrasound System -- 14.5.5.4 Concluding RDN -- 14.6  Follow-Up -- 14.7  Centers for Renal Denervation -- 14.8  Renal Nerve Stimulation -- Conclusion -- References -- 15: Safety of Renal Denervation -- 15.1  Introduction -- 15.2  An Overview of Preclinical and Laboratory Data -- 15.3  Safety Data from Principal Trials -- 15.3.1  The Symplicity HTN-1 and HTN-2 Studies -- 15.3.2  The Symplicity HTN-3 Study -- 15.3.3  The EnligHTN I Study -- 15.3.4  The RAPID Study -- 15.3.5  The REDUCE-HTN Study -- 15.4  Safety Data from Registries and Meta-analyses -- 15.5  Special Issues -- 15.5.1  Autonomic Dysfunction -- 15.5.2  Renal Artery Stenosis -- 15.5.3  Kidney Function -- References -- 16: Efficacy of Renal Denervation on Blood Pressure Reduction -- 16.1  Introduction -- 16.2  Preclinical Data -- 16.3  Proof-of-Concept Studies -- 16.4  Randomized Controlled Studies -- 16.5  Registries: Real-World Data -- 16.6  Randomized Sham-Controlled Studies -- 16.6.1  Symplicity HTN-3 Trial -- 16.7  Controversial BP Reduction Post RDN: Possible Explanations -- 16.7.1  Incomplete Renal Denervation in Many Patients -- 16.7.2  Medication Stability and Adherence; 16.7.3  Appropriate Hypertensive Population for RDN: Identification of Responders Post RDN
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