Agarwal, Ashok.

Andrological Evaluation of Male Infertility : A Laboratory Guide. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (217 pages)

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Authors -- 1: Diagnostic Tests in the Evaluation of Male Infertility -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Primary Goals for Evaluation of Infertile Male -- 3 History -- 4 Physical Examination -- 5 Initial Diagnostic Evaluation and Interpretation -- 5.1 Semen Analysis -- 5.1.1 General Considerations -- 5.1.2 Result Interpretation -- 6 Interpretation of Semen Analysis -- 6.1 Normal Semen Parameters (Table 1.1) -- 6.2 Abnormal Semen Parameters -- 6.2.1 Oligospermia -- 6.2.2 Asthenospermia -- 6.2.3 Teratospermia -- 6.3 Azoospermia -- 7 Diagnostic Interpretation and Clinical Value of Advanced Sperm Function Tests -- 7.1 Semen Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) -- 7.2 Total Antioxidant Capacity -- 7.3 Sperm DNA Fragmentation -- 7.3.1 Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) -- 7.3.2 Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling Assay (TUNEL) -- 7.3.3 Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay (Comet) -- 7.3.4 Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test (SCD) -- 7.4 Acrosome Reaction Testing -- 7.5 Sperm Viability Testing [Normal 58 %, 5 percentile CI 55-63] -- 7.6 Antisperm Antibody (ASA) Testing -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Quality Management in Andrology Laboratory -- 1 Introduction to Quality Management -- 2 Written Protocols -- 3 Facility and Maintenance -- 4 Equipment -- 5 Reagents and Supplies -- 6 Toxicity Testing of Reagents and Labware -- 7 Microbial Contamination -- 8 Establishment and Verification of Test Methods -- 9 Personnel Competency -- 10 Maintaining the Integrity of Patient Specimens -- 11 Quality Control Procedures for Andrology Tests -- 11.1 Levey-Jennings Charts -- 11.2 Semen Volume -- 11.3 Sperm Concentration -- 11.4 Sperm Motility -- 11.5 Sperm Morphology -- 11.6 White Blood Cell Concentration -- 11.7 Antisperm Antibodies -- 12 Proficiency Testing -- 13 Data Management. 13.1 Clerical Errors -- 13.2 Computer Data Security -- 14 Quality Assurance and Quality Improvement -- References -- 3: Competency Assessment in Andrology Laboratory -- 1 Introduction to Competency Assessment -- 2 Attributes of Laboratory Testing Personnel -- 3 Training Laboratory Testing Personnel -- 3.1 Initial Training -- 3.2 Ongoing Training and New SOPs -- 3.3 Continuing Education -- 4 Process of Personnel Assessment -- 4.1 Routine Monitoring -- 4.2 Inter-technician QC -- 4.3 Formal Performance Evaluations -- References -- 4: Basic Semen Analysis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Specimen Collection and Delivery -- 3 Equipment and Materials -- 4 Procedure -- 4.1 Initial Macroscopic Examination -- 4.2 Initial Microscopic Investigation -- 4.3 Morphology Smear -- 4.4 Guidelines for Sample Processing -- 4.5 Specimen Handling -- 5 Sperm Differential -- 5.1 Slide-Making Technique -- 5.2 Sperm Differential Procedure -- 5.3 No Sperm Seen -- 5.4 Cytospin Preparations -- 5.5 Nuclear Fast Red/Picroindigocarmine Stain (or NF/PICS) -- 6 Quality Control -- 6.1 Sperm Processing Interval -- 6.2 Sperm Morphology -- 7 Reference Ranges -- Outline Placeholder -- References -- 5: Semen Analysis Using Hamilton-Thorne Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Specimen Collection and Delivery -- 3 Equipment and Materials -- 4 Procedure -- 4.1 Initial Macroscopic Examination -- 4.2 Initial Microscopic Investigation -- 4.3 Morphology Smear -- 4.4 Guidelines for Sample Processing -- 4.5 Specimen Handling -- 5 Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis -- 5.1 Setting Up the Hamilton-Thorne IVOS -Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA) for Routine Semen Analysis -- 5.2 Starting the Analysis -- 5.3 Analyzing the Sample -- 5.4 Printing Final Report (Fig. 5.10) -- 6 Sperm Differential -- 6.1 Slide-Making Technique -- 6.2 Sperm Differential Procedure. 6.3 No Sperm Seen -- 7 Quality Control -- 7.1 Hamilton-Thorne Computer Semen Analyzer -- 7.2 Daily Precision -- 7.3 Manual Counts (See Appendices 2 and 5) -- 7.4 Sperm Processing Interval -- 7.5 Sperm Morphology -- 7.6 Standard Sperm Analysis Temperature -- 8 Reference Ranges -- Outline Placeholder -- References -- 6: Semen Analysis Using Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA v5) for Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Specimen Collection and Delivery -- 3 Equipment and Materials -- 4 Procedure -- 4.1 Initial Macroscopic Examination -- 4.2 Initial Microscopic Investigation -- 4.3 Morphology Smear -- 5 Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA v5): Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis -- 5.1 Set Up the SCA for Routine Semen Analysis -- 6 Guidelines for Sample Processing -- 7 Sperm Differential -- 7.1 Slide-Making Technique -- 7.2 Sperm Differential Procedure -- 7.3 No Sperm Seen -- 8 Quality Control -- 8.1 Daily Precision -- 8.2 Manual Counts (See Appendices 2 and 5) -- 8.3 Sperm Processing Interval -- 8.4 Sperm Morphology -- 8.5 Standard Sperm Analysis Temperature -- 9 Reference Ranges -- 10 Appendix 1: Center the Phase Contrast Condenser -- 11 Align the Phase Annulus and Light Annulus -- 12 Appendix 2: Calibration of Microscope Reticle -- 13 Appendix 3: Retrograde Ejaculate Processing for Routine Semen Analysis -- 14 Appendix 4: Sperm Morphology Differentials in Severely Oligozoospermic Specimens -- 15 Appendix 5: Manual Counts and Motilities -- 15.1 Manual Counts: Using the Sperm Counting Chamber -- 15.2 Manual Motility: Using the Sperm Counting Chamber -- 15.2.1 Round Cell Estimation (RC) -- 16 Appendix 6: Viscosity Treatment System -- 16.1 VTS Procedure -- 17 Appendix 7: Sperm Count Only -- References -- 7: Leukocytospermia Quantitation (ENDTZ) Test -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Equipment and Materials -- 3 Quality Control. 4 Procedure -- 5 Reference Range -- Outline Placeholder -- References -- 8: Eosin-Nigrosin Staining Procedure -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Specimen Collection -- 3 Equipment and Materials -- 4 Reagent Preparation -- 5 Quality Control -- 6 Procedure -- 7 Scoring -- 8 Normal Range -- References -- 9: Sperm Morphology Stain (Diff-Quik®) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Specimen Collection -- 3 Reagents/Materials -- 4 Procedure -- 5 Scoring of Sperm Morphology Slides -- 5.1 WHO Criteria -- 5.2 Sperm Differential Using WHO Criteria -- 5.3 Kruger Criteria -- 5.4 Sperm Differential Using Kruger Criteria -- Outline Placeholder -- References -- 10: Qualitative Seminal Fructose -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Specimen Collection -- 4 Equipment and Materials -- 5 Quality Control -- 6 Procedure -- 7 Reporting Results -- 8 Reference Range -- 9 Procedural Note -- References -- 11: Cytospin Procedure and Nuclear Fast Red and Picroindigocarmine Staining Procedure for Azoospermic Sample -- 1 Protocol A: Cytospin Procedure -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Specimen Collection -- 1.3 Equipment and Materials -- 1.4 Quality Control -- 1.5 Procedure -- 2 Protocol B: Nuclear Fast Red and Picroindigocarmine Stain -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Equipment and Materials -- 2.3 Quality Control -- 2.4 Procedure -- Outline Placeholder -- References -- 12: Hypoosmotic Swelling Test (HOS) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Specimen Collection -- 1.2 Equipment and Materials -- 1.3 Quality Control -- 1.4 Procedure -- 1.5 Results -- References -- 13: Procedure for Retrograde Ejaculate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Patient Instructions -- 3 Equipment/Reagents -- 4 Quality Control -- 5 Procedure -- 6 Procedural Notes -- Outline Placeholder -- References -- 14: Sperm Preparation for Intrauterine Insemination Using Density Gradient Separation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Specimen Collection -- 3 Equipment and Materials. 4 Quality Control -- 5 Procedure -- 5.1 Prepare Reagents -- 5.2 Prepare Paperwork/Accept Patient Specimen -- 5.3 Wash/Analyze Specimen -- 6 Procedural Notes -- 7 Tips on How to Maximize the Yield from Density Gradient -- References -- 15: Sperm Preparation for Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) by Swim-Up Method -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Specimen Collection -- 3 Equipment and Materials -- 4 Quality Control -- 5 Procedure -- 5.1 Prepare Reagents -- 5.2 Prepare Paperwork and Accept Specimen from Patient -- 5.3 Analyze/Wash Specimen -- 6 Procedural Notes -- Outline Placeholder -- References -- 16: Cryopreservation of Client Depositor Semen -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principle -- 3 Specimen Requirements -- 4 Equipment -- 5 Reagents -- 6 Calibration -- 7 Quality Control/Quality Assurance -- 8 Procedure -- Addendum -- Cryopreservation of the "Traveling Husband" Specimen -- Introduction -- Procedure -- Appendix 1: Sperm Bank Patient List -- Appendix 2 -- Appendix 3: Sperm Bank Questionnaire -- Appendix 4: Authorization to Cryopreserve Specimens -- Appendix 5: Cryopreservation Worksheet -- Appendix 6 -- Appendix 7: Cryopreservation Report -- Appendix 8: Release of Reproductive Cells and/or Tissues Not Tested for Infectious Diseases -- Appendix 9: Release of Reproductive Cells and/or Tissues Positive Test Notification -- Appendix 10: Thawed Specimen ID Form -- Appendix 11: Authorization to Transport Semen Specimens -- Appendix 12: Positive Blood Test Notification -- References -- 17: Cryopreservation of Client Depositor Semen Aspirate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principle -- 3 Equipment -- 4 Reagents -- 5 Specimen -- 6 Calibration -- 7 Quality Control/Quality Assurance -- 8 Procedure -- References -- 18: Cryopreservation of Client Depositor Testicular Tissue -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principle -- 3 Equipment -- 4 Reagents -- 5 Specimen. 6 Calibration.

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Endocrinology.


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