A Grammar of Contemporary Igbo : Constituents, Features and Processes.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (676 pages)
Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Preface -- Abbreviations and Conventions -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Contents -- 1. THE IGBO LANGUAGE: AN OVERVIEW -- Preamble -- An Anthropologist's Perspective -- (i) The Igbo Culture Area -- The Linguistic Theme -- The Igbo Language: The Linguists' Perspectives -- Genetic Classification -- Igbo Dialects -- Igbo Dialects and Mutual Intelligibility -- Typology -- Standard Igbo (SI) -- Igbo: A Verb Language -- The Verbal Complex -- Ideophones -- An Agglutinating Language -- Towards Grammatical Categories Relevant In Igbo -- The Grammatical Categories and the Constituents Relevant in Igbo -- Definitions of the Constituents -- The Grammatical Categories not Relevant in Igbo -- Voice and Ergativity -- Lexicalization and Grammaticalization -- Phonology and Phoneme Inventory -- Igbo Orthography -- Recent Developments in the Igbo Language -- Some References -- 2. THE SYLLABLE AND ITS PHONEMES -- Preamble -- Igbo Syllable Structure -- The Consonants of the Lects of Igbo - An Overview -- The Vowels of Igbo -- The Vowels of the Lects in Igbo - An Overview -- Some References -- 3. PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES -- Preamble -- Phonological Processes Involving Vowels -- Vowel Harmony -- Vowel Harmony: An Aberration? -- Restrictions on VH -- VH in Igbo: An Overview -- VH in Igbo Grammar -- Violations of Vowel Harmony -- Vowel Assimilation -- General Observations about Vowel Assimilation -- Vowel Elision -- Vowel Reduplication -- Epenthesis -- Phonological Process(es) Involving The Syllabic Nasal -- Phonological Process Involving Consonants -- Consonant Harmony -- Types of Consonant-To-Consonant Harmony -- Consonant Deletion -- Phonation Types -- Aspiration -- Nasalization and Nasals -- Nasalization as a Prosody -- Can Aspiration and Nasalization Co-occur? -- Secondary Articulation -- Labialization. Labiodentalization -- Some References -- 4. TONOLOGY -- Preamble -- Features of the Igbo Tone System -- Functions of Tones in Igbo -- Tone Classes of Nouns -- Some Nouns to Note -- Tone Classes of Verbs -- The Complex Verb Stem -- Tonal Features of Complex Verbs -- Tone Rules -- Intonation -- Tones Across Igbo Dialects: Mutual Intelligibility -- Theoretical Studies of Tone -- Tonal Notation -- The Lyrical (Function of) Tone -- Some References -- 5. MORPHOLOGY -- Preamble -- What constitutes a word, or wordhood? What is a word? -- The Definition of the Morpheme -- The Identification of the Morpheme -- The Classification of Morphemes -- Some Basic Concepts in Morphology and Igbo -- The Low Tone -- The Downstep -- Igbo Morphology: A Classification -- Affixation and Universal Morphology -- Affixation and Igbo Morphology -- Circumfixes or Circumfixation in Igbo? -- Infixes in Igbo: A Diachronic View -- Derivational Morphology: A Synchronic View -- Particles? -- Some References -- 6. WORDHOOD AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES -- Preamble -- The Linguistic Word -- Simple Words -- Complex Words -- Words in Human Communication -- Towards Classifying Igbo Words -- Morphological Processes -- Reduplication -- Partial Reduplication or Back Formation? -- Reduplicated Verbs -- Word Repetition -- Blending -- Blending in Complex NPs -- Back-formation -- Deaffixation -- Clipping -- Compounding? -- Types of Compounds in Universal Morphology -- Conclusion -- Some References -- 7. DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY -- Preamble -- The Igbo Verb and Derivational Morphology -- The Nomino-Verbals -- The Infinitives -- The Participles -- The Syntax-Semantics of Nomino-Verbals -- Nominals -- Derivational Suffixes -- Diachronic Morphology and the Derivatives -- Derivational Morphology from Non-Verbal Sources -- Derivational Morphology and the Contemporary Igbo Lexicon -- Conclusion. Some References -- 8. EXTENSIONAL MORPHOLOGY -- Features of Extensional Morphology -- ESS Are Not Verbs -- Towards a Classification of ESS -- ESS As Lexicalization Markers -- Some References -- 9. CLITICS AND CLITICISATION -- Features of Clitics -- Location of Clitics -- Clitics in Igbo: A Critique of the Available Literature -- Clitics as Lexicalization and Syntactic Markers -- Cliticization and Interrogation -- Observations -- The Proclitics and Non-Polar Questions -- The Proclitic and Relativization -- Some References -- 10. NOMINALS AND NOMINALIZATION -- What is a nominal? -- A Lexical Classification of Nouns -- Proper Nouns -- Common Nouns -- Qualifactive Nouns -- Adverbial Nouns -- Numerals and Numbers -- The Traditional System -- The Modern System -- Numbers -- Quantifiers (Mkpotota) -- Nominalization -- Some References -- 11. PRONOMINALIZATION -- Features of Pronouns -- Pronouns as Nominals -- Syntactic Behaviour -- Personal Pronouns as Nominals -- Pronouns and Polar Questions -- Tonal Behaviour of Pronouns -- Definiteness, Person and Number in Pronouns -- Towards a Features Analysis of Igbo Pronouns -- Issues Arising from a Features' Approach -- Pronouns: Particles, Affixes, Clitics or Concord Markers? -- Pronominalization and Deixis -- Personal Deixis -- Conclusion -- Some References -- 12. ADPOSITION -- Features of Adposition -- From Adposition to Preposition, and Prepositional Notions -- A. Lexicalization and Prepositional Notions in Igbo -- B. Grammaticalization and Prepositional Notions -- Conclusion -- Some References -- 13. CONJUNCTION -- Features of the Conjunction -- The Conjunction As a Form Class -- A Composite List of the Conjunctions -- Features of the Igbo Conjunctions -- A Classification of Igbo Conjunctions -- Coordinators -- Coordination and Coordinates -- Features of Igbo Coordination -- Coordination: Distributive Vs. Joint. Enclitics as Coordinators -- Subordination -- The Subordinators: A Composite List -- Some References -- 14. ADJECTIVIZATION -- What is Adjectivization? -- Adjectives in Igbo: A Brief Historical Overview -- Thomas (1913) -- Adams (1932) -- Ward (1936) -- Green and Igwe (1963) -- Ogbalu (1962 -- 1972) -- Carnochan (1967) -- Abraham (1967) -- Carrell (1970) -- Welmers and Welmers (1968) -- Igwe (1974) -- Emenanjo (1972 -- 1978) -- Anyanwu (1996) -- Maduka-Durunze (1991) -- Other Adjectivals -- Legend -- Conclusion -- Some References -- 15. ADVERBIALIZATION -- What is Adverbialization? -- Adverbs in Igbo: A Historical Overview -- Igbo Adverbials -- Adverbials in the Sentence -- Adverbials and Multiple Occurrences -- The Adjuncts: Naani/Sòosò (Sisò, Sosò, Sìisò) -- Adverbials in Igbo: A New Approach -- Conjuncts -- Disjuncts -- Adverbials and their Meanings/Functions -- Some References -- 16. INTERROGATION -- Preamble -- The Position of Interrogation in Igbo -- WH-Questions -- Interrogation and The Low Tone -- A Syntactic Classification of Interrogatives -- The Independent Interrogatives -- The Dependent Interrogatives -- The Diachronics of Some Interrogatives -- Indirect Questions -- Polar Questions As Indirect Questions -- Observations -- WH-Questions as Indirect Questions -- Observations -- Other Features of Interrogation in Igbo -- Declarative Questions -- Alternative Questions -- Tag-Qs -- Intonation and Interrogation -- Is the Interrogative, a Mood? -- Some References -- 17. RELATIVIZATION -- Preamble -- Relativization in Igbo: The Scholarship -- Relativization: Typology -- Observations -- The Zero RC -- Some References -- 18. THE VERBAL SYSTEM -- The Verb in Human Language and Communication -- The Sentence -- The Igbo Verb -- Towards A Multiple Classification of Igbo Verbs -- Full Verbs -- Defective Verbs -- The Sources of Verbids. The Nuclear Modals -- The Periphrastic Modal(s) -- Lexical Classes of Verbs -- Verbal Derivatives -- Notes -- Some References -- 19. VERB INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY -- Preamble -- Grammatical Categories Relevant to the Igbo Verb -- Tense and Aspect in Igbo: A Historical Sketch -- Tense -- Tense in Igbo -- (Simple) Past Tense -- (Simple) Future Tense -- (Simple) Past-In-The-Future Tense -- Observations on Tense -- Aspect -- The Perfective Aspects -- The Imperfective Aspects -- The Imperfective in Some Lects -- Tense and Aspect in Igbo -- Tense and Negation -- Negation -- Negation and Interrogation -- Negation and Focus -- Negation, Tense, Aspect and Serial Verbal Constructions (SVCs) -- Tense and Mood -- Some References -- 20. IGBO VERBS: TRANSITIVITY OR COMPLEMENTATION? -- Transitivity and Complementation in Igbo -- A Classification of Verbs in Terms of Their Complements -- The Arguments for Transitivity in Igbo -- Problems with the Transitivity Analysis -- The Case for Complementation in Igbo -- Transitivity and the Scenarios in two other Nigerian Languages -- The Status of the Cognate Form Following The Verb -- Implications of the Complementation Analysis -- Conclusion -- Some References -- 21. MOOD AND MODALITY -- Features of Mood and Modality -- Mood and Modality in Igbo -- Indicative Mood -- Subjunctive Mood -- Hortative Mood -- Conditional -- Imperative -- The (Simple) Imperative: Affirmative -- (Simple) Imperative: Negative -- The Imperative-Progressive -- The Imperative-Progressive: Affirmative -- Imperative-Progressive: Negative -- Modality -- Mood, Modality, Tense, and Aspect -- Future: Mood or Tense? -- Some References -- 22. SOME TYPES OF IGBO SENTENCES -- Towards a Typology of Sentences in Human Language -- Serial Verbal Construction (SVCs) -- On Igbo SVCs -- The Semantics of SVCs -- Semantics and Igbo SVCs -- The Syntax-Semantics of SVCs. SVCs, Semantics and Complex Verbs.