TY - BOOK AU - Roccatello,Dario AU - Emmi,Lorenzo TI - Connective Tissue Disease: A Comprehensive Guide - Volume 1 T2 - Rare Diseases of the Immune System Series SN - 9783319245355 AV - RC927-927.5 PY - 2016/// CY - Cham PB - Springer International Publishing AG KW - Nephrology KW - Electronic books N1 - Intro -- Contents -- Part I: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Epidemiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 2.1 Issues in Epidemiological Studies About SLE -- 2.2 Incidence and Prevalence of SLE -- 2.3 Ethnicity, Geography, and Genetics in SLE -- 2.4 Age, Sex, and SLE -- 2.5 Other Risk Factors for SLE Development -- 2.6 SLE Mortality, Morbidity, and Clinical Expression -- 2.7 Lupus Nephritis -- 2.8 LN Histological Classification -- 2.9 Immunosuppression and Renal Replacement Advancements -- 2.10 General Data on Lupus Nephritis -- 2.11 Gender -- 2.12 Ethnicity -- 2.13 Socioeconomic Status -- 2.14 Lupus Nephritis and Progression Toward End Stage Kidney Disease -- Conclusions -- References -- 3: SLE Pathogenesis: From Apoptosis to Lymphocyte Activation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Genetic and Environmental Factors -- 3.2.1 Genetic Aberrations -- 3.2.2 Environmental Factors -- 3.3 Apoptosis Disturbances in SLE -- 3.4 Innate Immune System and SLE -- 3.4.1 Modulation of IFN-I Signaling -- 3.4.2 NETosis -- 3.5 Adaptive or Acquired Immunity in SLE: Focus on T Cells -- 3.6 Adaptive or Acquired Immunity in SLE: Focus on B Cells -- References -- 4: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Aspects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Revised Classification Criteria -- 4.3 Clinical Classification -- 4.3.1 Mild SLE -- 4.4 Moderate SLE -- 4.4.1 Hematological Involvement -- 4.4.2 Leukopenia -- 4.4.3 Thrombocytopenia -- 4.5 Severe SLE -- 4.5.1 Lung Involvement -- 4.5.2 Cardiac Involvement -- 4.5.3 Antiphospholipid Syndrome -- 4.6 Infection and Disease Activity -- References -- 5: Autoantibodies and Biomarkers: Diagnostic Aspects -- 5.1 Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) -- 5.1.1 Clinical Significance -- 5.2 Anti-DNA Antibodies -- 5.2.1 Clinical Significance of Anti-dsDNA Antibodies; 5.3 Antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) -- 5.3.1 Anti-SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La Antibodies -- 5.3.2 Anti-Sm and Anti-RNP Antibodies -- 5.4 Anti-histone Antibodies -- 5.5 Anti-ribosomal P Antibodies -- 5.6 Anti-C1q Antibodies -- 5.7 Antiphospholipid Antibodies (aPL) -- 5.7.1 The Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) -- 5.7.2 Anticardiolipin Antibodies (aCL) -- 5.7.3 Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Antibody -- 5.7.4 Other aPL -- 5.7.5 aPL as Risk Factors -- 5.8 Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) and Autoantibodies -- 5.9 Lupus Nephritis -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Joint Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 6.1 Arthritis and Arthralgias in SLE -- 6.2 Jaccoud's Arthropathy -- 6.3 Rhupus -- 6.4 Joint Involvment Management -- References -- 7: The Spectrum of Cutaneous Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Novel Classification -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Epidemiology of Cutaneous Involvement -- 7.3 Pathogenesis -- 7.4 Classification of Cutaneous Involvement -- 7.4.1 Specific Signs of LE -- 7.4.1.1 Dermo-epidermal LE -- Acute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (ACLE) -- Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE) -- Discoid Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) -- Indeterminant LE -- LE-Specific Vesiculobullous Disease -- 7.4.1.2 Dermal LE -- Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus and Jessner-Kanof Lymphocytic Infiltrate of the Skin -- Papulonodular Mucinosis -- 7.4.1.3 Lupus Panniculitits (Lupus Profundus) -- 7.4.2 Signs Indicative of a Thrombotic Vasculopathy -- 7.4.2.1 Livedo Racemosa -- 7.4.2.2 Degos-Like Papules -- 7.4.2.3 Thrombophlebitis -- 7.4.2.4 Anetoderma -- 7.4.2.5 Vasculitis of the Skin -- 7.4.3 Neutrophilic Cutaneous LE -- 7.4.3.1 Amicrobial Pustulosis of Skin Folds -- 7.4.3.2 Bullous LE -- 7.4.3.3 Neutrophilic Urticarial Dermatosis -- 7.4.4 Other Signs of Yet Uncertain Pathogenesis; 7.5 Drug Induced Cutaneous LE -- 7.6 Photosensitivity -- 7.7 CLASI, a Useful Instrument to Assess Cutaneous Activity -- 7.8 Treatment of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Basic Principles -- Conclusions -- References -- 8: Lupus Nephritis -- 8.1 Epidemiology of Kidney Involvement -- 8.1.1 Risk factors and development of LN -- 8.2 Clinical Features of LN -- 8.2.1 Clinical Renal Syndrome at Presentation -- 8.2.2 Clinical Renal Course During Follow-Up -- 8.3 Morphological Features -- 8.3.1 Indications for Renal Biopsy in SLE -- 8.3.2 Pathological Assessment of Kidney Biopsy -- 8.3.3 Histological Follow-Up -- 8.3.4 Clinical risk factors and prognosis -- 8.4 Diagnostic Approach -- 8.5 LN Treatment -- 8.5.1 General Principles -- 8.5.2 Outcome Measures in LN -- 8.5.3 Induction and Maintenance Therapy of Proliferative LN -- 8.5.4 Therapy of Membranous LN (Class V) -- References -- 9: Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Epidemiology of NPSLE -- 9.3 Pathogenic Mechanisms of NPSLE -- 9.4 Classification of NPSLE -- 9.5 Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management of NPSLE -- 9.5.1 Aseptic Meningitis -- 9.5.2 Cerebrovascular Disease -- 9.5.3 Myelopathy -- 9.5.4 Seizures -- 9.5.5 Acute Confusional State -- 9.5.6 Cognitive Dysfunction -- 9.5.7 Movement Disorders (Chorea) -- 9.5.8 Psychosis -- 9.5.9 Mood and Anxiety Disorders -- 9.5.10 Headaches -- Conclusions -- References -- 10: Cardiovascular Issues in SLE -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Cardiovascular Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 10.2.1 Epidemiology -- 10.2.2 Risk Factors -- 10.3 Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Involvement -- 10.4 Prevention -- 10.5 Cardiac Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 10.5.1 Pericarditis -- 10.5.2 Myocardial Involvement -- 10.5.3 Valvular Abnormalities; 10.5.4 Rhythm and Conduction System Disorders -- Conclusion -- References -- 11: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy -- 11.1 Preconception Counseling -- 11.2 Activity Disease in Pregnancy -- 11.3 Lupus Nephritis and Pregnancy -- 11.4 Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Pregnancy -- 11.5 Neonatal Lupus -- 11.6 Pregnancy Management -- Conclusions -- References -- 12: Vitamin D, Autoimmune Diseases, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Immune-Modulating Activities of Vitamin D -- 12.3 Synergic Effects of Vitamin D and Glucocorticoids -- 12.4 Deficit of Vitamin D and Autoantibody Production -- 12.5 Vitamin D Deficiency and Peripheral Metabolism of Estrogens in Autoimmunity -- 12.6 Vitamin D and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) -- Conclusions -- References -- 13: The Impact of aPL Detection on Pregnancy -- 13.1 Pathogenesis of aPL-Induced Obstetric Manifestation -- 13.2 Obstetric APS -- 13.3 Other Complications in Pregnancy with aPL Positivity -- 13.4 Risk Stratification -- 13.5 Prevention of Obstetric Adverse Events -- 13.6 Delivery -- 13.7 Preconceptional Counseling -- 13.7.1 Long-Term Follow-Up of OAPS Patients -- 13.7.2 Long-Term Outcome of Children Born from OAPS Patients -- 13.8 Assisted Reproductive Technology -- 13.9 Contraception -- Conclusions -- References -- 14: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Epidemiology of aPL -- 14.3 Pathogenesis of aPL-Mediated Events -- 14.4 Clinical Manifestations -- 14.4.1 Venous and Arterial Involvement -- 14.4.2 Neurologic Involvement -- 14.4.3 Cardiac Involvement -- 14.4.4 Pulmonary Involvement -- 14.4.5 Renal Involvement -- 14.4.6 Osteoarticular Involvement -- 14.4.7 Obstetric APS -- 14.5 Follow-Up, Outcome, and Organ Damage in APS -- 14.6 Laboratory Abnormalities in APS; 14.7 APS Classification Criteria -- 14.7.1 Assessment of the Classification Criteria -- 14.8 Assessment of Thrombosis Risk in APS Patients -- 14.9 Therapy -- 14.10 Prevention -- References -- 15: Disease Activity Indices and Prognosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Disease Activity Indices -- 15.3 Global Score Activity Indices -- 15.4 Organ-Specific Activity Indices -- 15.5 Evaluation of Disease Activity Over Time -- 15.6 Prognosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 15.6.1 Prognostic Factors in SLE -- 15.6.2 Factors Unrelated to SLE -- 15.6.3 Factors Related to SLE -- 15.6.3.1 Age at Diagnosis -- 15.6.3.2 Lag Time Between Symptoms and Diagnosis -- 15.6.3.3 Overall Disease Activity -- 15.6.3.4 Disease Manifestations -- 15.6.3.5 Disease Remission -- 15.6.3.6 Disease Treatment -- 15.6.3.7 Damage Accrual -- 15.7 Quality of Life and Loss of Productivity -- Conclusions -- References -- 16: Conventional Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 16.1 Nonpharmacologic Measures -- 16.2 Conventional Pharmacologic Therapies -- 16.3 Constitutional Symptoms -- 16.4 Management of Cutaneous Manifestations -- 16.5 Management of Musculoskeletal Manifestations -- 16.6 Management of Neuropsychiatric Manifestations -- 16.7 Management of Renal Manifestations -- 16.8 Management of Cardiac Manifestations -- 16.9 Management of Pulmonary Manifestations -- 16.10 Management of Gastrointestinal Manifestations -- 16.11 Management of Hematologic Manifestations -- 16.12 Pediatric SLE -- References -- 17: Innovative Therapies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- 17.1 Targets of Therapy -- 17.2 Targeting Cell Surface Receptors: B-Cell Inhibition or Depletion -- 17.2.1 Rituximab (Anti-CD20) -- 17.2.2 Adverse Effects of RTX Therapy -- 17.2.3 Ocrelizumab (Anti-CD20) -- 17.2.4 Epratuzumab (Anti-CD22); 17.3 Targeting Soluble Mediators to Inhibit B-Cell Growth and Function UR - https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/orpp/detail.action?docID=4504075 ER -