TY  - BOOK
AU  - Dewulf,Jo
AU  - De Meester,Steven
AU  - Alvarenga,Rodrigo A.F.
TI  - Sustainability Assessment of Renewables-Based Products: Methods and Case Studies
T2  - Wiley Series in Renewable Resource Series
SN  - 9781118933923
AV  - TJ808.R47 2016 
U1  - 338.9/27 
PY  - 2016///
CY  - Newark
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
KW  - Renewable energy sources
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Chapter 1 The Growing Role of Biomass for Future Resource Supply-Prospects and Pitfalls -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Global Ecological and Socioeconomic Biomass Flows -- 1.3 Global Biomass Potentials in 2050 -- 1.3.1 Primary Biomass Potentials -- 1.3.2 Residue and Waste Potentials -- 1.4 Critical Socio-Ecological Feedbacks and Sustainability Issues -- 1.4.1 Land-Use Competition and Systemic Feedbacks -- 1.4.2 Carbon Cycle Feedbacks -- 1.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 The Growing Role of Photovoltaic Solar, Wind and Geothermal Energy as Renewables for Electricity Generation -- 2.1 General Introduction -- 2.2 Photovoltaic Solar Energy -- 2.2.1 PV Technology -- 2.2.2 Environmental Issues -- 2.2.3 Outlook -- 2.3 Wind Energy -- 2.3.1 Social Acceptance and the Move Toward Offshore -- 2.3.2 Costs/kWh -- 2.3.3 Wind Energy in the Next Decade: Prognosis -- 2.4 Geothermal Energy -- 2.4.1 Geothermal Development -- 2.4.2 Geothermal Technology -- 2.4.3 Future Outlook -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Assessment of Sustainability within Holistic Process Design -- 3.1 Introduction: Holistic Process Design from Unit Operations to Systems Science Methods -- 3.2 Use of Life Cycle Assessment in Holistic Process Design -- 3.3 A Decision-Tree Methodology for Complex Process Design -- 3.3.1 Identification of Key Process Drivers -- 3.3.2 Process Decision Tree -- 3.4 Generation of New Synthesis Routes in Bio-Based Supply Chains -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4 A Mass Balance Approach to Link Sustainable Renewable Resources in Chemical Synthesis with Market Demand -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Renewable Feedstock: Market Drivers, Political Frame; 4.3 Traceability of Biomass as Feedstock in the Chemical Industry -- 4.3.1 Chain-Of-Custody Schemes -- 4.3.2 Upstream Traceability in the Supply Chain -- 4.3.3 Downstream Traceability in Production: Biomass for Dedicated and Mass Balanced Chemicals -- 4.3.4 Certification Quality and Trust -- 4.3.5 Conclusion -- 4.4 Standard of Mass Balance in Chemical Synthesis -- 4.4.1 CEN Definition of Mass Balance -- 4.4.2 Mass Balance in the Biofuel Sector as Example -- 4.4.3 Mass Balance Adapted to Chemistry -- 4.4.3.1 Principle of Mass Balance in an Integrated Chemical Production -- 4.4.3.2 Mass Balance Example Calculation -- 4.5 Sustainability Aspects of Renewable Resources -- 4.6 Discussion -- 4.7 Vision and Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Early R&amp -- D Stage Sustainability Assessment: The 5-Pillar Method -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methodology -- 5.2.1 The 5-Pillar Method -- 5.2.2 5-Pillars and Integration -- 5.3 Case Study -- 5.3.1 Case Study Results -- 5.4 Validation Case Study -- 5.5 Critical Review and Outlook -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Assessing the Sustainability of Land Use: A Systems Approach -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Methodological Issue 1: Consequential Analysis of Land Use Decisions -- 6.3 Methodological Issue 2: Land Use Impacts on Ecosystems -- 6.4 Methodological Issue 3: Land Use Impacts on Climate -- 6.5 Methodological Issue 4: Economic and Social Impact Assessment -- 6.6 Methodological Issue 5: Integrating Environmental and Economic Assessments -- 6.7 Discussion -- 6.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Water Use Analysis -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Methods and Tools for Assessing the Sustainable Use of Water -- 7.2.1 Water in Life Cycle Assessment -- 7.2.2 Water Footprinting as Stand-Alone Method -- 7.2.3 Water Risk Tools -- 7.3 Case Study: Water Consumption Analysis of Biofuels and Fossil Fuels; 7.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Material Intensity of Food Production and Consumption -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Material Flow Based Approaches for Assessing Sustainable Production and Consumption Systems -- 8.3 MIPS Concept and Methodology -- 8.3.1 Concept -- 8.3.2 Methodology -- 8.3.3 Performing a Material Intensity Analysis -- 8.4 Material Intensity of Food Systems -- 8.4.1 Analysis of Production Systems -- 8.4.1.1 Data Acquisition -- 8.4.1.2 Assumptions, Sources of Uncertainty and Allocation Rules -- 8.4.2 Analysis of Consumption Habits and Impacts of Diets -- 8.5 Results of MIPS for Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs -- 8.5.1 Discussion on Results -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Material and Energy Flow Analysis -- 9.1 Background -- 9.2 Methodology -- 9.2.1 Material and Energy Flow Analysis -- 9.2.2 Data Collection -- 9.2.3 Method of Analysis -- 9.3 Case Study -- 9.3.1 Palm Oil -- 9.3.2 Cassava -- 9.3.3 Other (Case Study of the Cement Industry) -- 9.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10 Exergy and Cumulative Exergy Use Analysis -- 10.1 What Is Exergy? -- 10.2 Calculation of Exergy -- 10.3 Applications of Exergy -- 10.3.1 Use in Industrial System Analysis -- 10.3.2 Use in Sustainability Analysis -- 10.3.3 Use in Economic Analysis -- 10.3.4 Use in Natural System Analysis -- 10.4 Cumulative Exergy Use Analysis -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 Carbon and Environmental Footprint Methods for Renewables-based Products and Transition Pathways to 2050 -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Transition Pathways Towards a Low Carbon Future -- 11.1.2 The Sustainability Assessment Context -- 11.1.3 The Issues Considered -- 11.2 Carbon and Environmental (or Eco) Footprinting -- 11.2.1 Carbon and Environmental Footprinting - The Basics -- 11.2.2 The Carbon Footprint Component; 11.2.3 Other Components of the Environmental Footprint -- 11.2.4 Determination of the Biofuel Footprint Components -- 11.2.4.1 Bioproductive and Built Land -- 11.2.4.2 Carbon Emissions -- 11.2.4.3 Embodied Energy -- 11.2.4.4 Transport -- 11.2.4.5 Waste Arisings -- 11.2.4.6 Water Usage -- 11.3 The Relationship between Environmental Footprint Analysis (EFA) and Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) -- 11.4 Carbon and Environmental Footprints Associated with Global Biofuel Production -- 11.4.1 Global Projections of Biofuel Production -- 11.4.2 Carbon Footprint of Biofuels -- 11.4.3 Environmental Footprint of Biofuels -- 11.4.4 The Implications for the 'Energy-Land-Water Nexus' -- 11.5 Carbon and Environmental Footprints of Low Carbon Transition Pathways -- 11.5.1 Selecting Low Carbon Transition Pathways or Scenarios to 2050 -- 11.5.2 Realising Transition Pathways: Insights from Footprint Analysis -- 11.5.3 Power Sector Environmental Footprints per GWh -- 11.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12 Tracking Supply and Demand of Biocapacity through Ecological Footprint Accounting -- 12.1 Summary and Rationale -- 12.1.1 Summary and Purpose of the Chapter -- 12.1.2 Information Needs for Sustainability -- 12.1.3 Scale As a Core Principle of Sustainability -- 12.1.4 Research Question/Framing the Ecological Footprint -- 12.2 Methodology -- 12.2.1 Conceptual Framework -- 12.2.2 Implementation: The National Footprint Accounts -- 12.2.2.1 National Biocapacity and Ecological Footprint Calculation -- 12.2.2.2 Normalization Factors -- 12.2.2.3 Specific Land-Use Classes -- 12.2.2.4 Derived Products -- 12.2.3 Ecological Footprint Applications -- 12.2.3.1 Ecological Footprint of Products -- 12.2.3.2 Environmental Extended Multi-Region Input Output Analysis -- 12.3 Usage Recommendations -- 12.3.1 Key Strengths and Limitations; 12.4 Future Developments -- References -- Chapter 13 Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainability: Supporting Decision Making by Business and Policy -- 13.1 Life Cycle Assessment: A Systemic Approach to Evaluate Impacts -- 13.1.1 What Is LCA? -- 13.1.2 Procedural Steps -- 13.2 LCA: Supporting Sustainability Assessment -- 13.2.1 Strengths and Peculiarities of LCA -- 13.3 Role of LCA in Supporting Decisions in Business and Policy Context -- 13.3.1 Role of LCA in Supporting Business Decisions -- 13.3.1.1 The Example of Ecodesign of Industrial Products -- 13.3.2 Role of LCA in Policy Making -- 13.3.2.1 Examples of LCA in Current EU Product Policies -- 13.3.2.2 Ecodesign Directive -- 13.3.2.3 Single Market for Green Products Initiative -- 13.4 Tools and Support to Put LCA into Practice -- 13.4.1 The Umbrella: The European Platform on Life Cycle Assessment (EPLCA) -- 13.4.1.1 How to Perform an LCA: Databases and Software -- 13.4.1.2 Where to Find Data?-ELCD and Life Cycle Data Network (LCDN) -- 13.5 Conclusion and the Way Forward -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14 Life Cycle Costing -- 14.1 Life Cycle Costing - Definition and Principles -- 14.2 Environmental LCC -- 14.2.1 Key Elements of an Environmental LCC Model in Common with LCA -- 14.2.2 Time and Discounting -- 14.2.3 Perspectives -- 14.3 Societal LCC -- 14.4 LCC and Renewables -- 14.5 Example Case -- 14.5.1 Outline and Calculation of the Case Study -- 14.5.2 Discussion of Case Study Results, and Setting Them in Perspective to Environmental LCC -- References -- Chapter 15 Social Life Cycle Assessment: Methodologies and Practice -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Social Life Cycle Assessment: Scientific Background -- 15.3 Social Life Cycle Assessment in Practice -- 15.4 SLCA and Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Methodological Challenges -- 15.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References; Chapter 16 Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Technologies
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