Indigenous Peoples' Governance of Land and Protected Territories in the Arctic.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (260 pages)
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Modern-Day Land Claim Agreements and Governance Agreements in the Arctic - An Opportunity to Reconcile the Interests and Worldviews of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Societies? -- Co-operative Management of Auyuittuq National Park: Moving Towards Greater Emphasis and Recognition of Indigenous Aspirations for the Management of Their Lands -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case Study Context -- 3 Inuit Aspirations for Park Management and the Ability of Arrangements to Meet Them -- 4 Governance as a Means to Facilitate the Application of Indigenous Knowledge -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Regional Governance and Indigenous Rights in Norway: The Finnmark Estate Case -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Method -- 3 Analytical Framework -- 4 Implementing Indigenous Rights -- 4.1 The Passing of the Finnmark Act -- 4.2 The new Governance Institution: Tasks, Policy and Formal Organization -- 5 Indigenous Rights and Public Opinion -- 5.1 The General View and Knowledge About FeFo -- 5.2 What Does our Data Tell About the Legitimacy of FeFo -- 6 What Are the Different Positions All About? -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Increasing Cooperation and Advancing Reconciliation in the Cooperative Management of Protected Areas in Canada's North -- 1 Purpose and Approach -- 2 Context: Reconciliation and Land Claim Agreements -- 3 The Concept and Practice of Consensus Decision Making -- 4 What Does "Cooperative Management" Mean? -- 5 Three Protected Area Agreements -- 6 Moresby Explorers Ltd v. Canada (AG) [2001] 4 F.C. 591 -- 7 Innovation in Cooperative Management Agreements -- 8 Suggested Elements of Cooperative Management Agreements -- References -- Part II: Transboundary and Regional Protected Area Governance. Two Parks, One Vision - Collaborative Management Approaches to Transboundary Protected Areas in Northern Canada: Tongait KakKasuangita SilakKijapvinga/Torngat Mountains National Park, Nunatsiavut and le Parc national Kuururjuaq Nunavik -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Territories of Nunavik and Nunatsiavut -- 2.1 Torngat Mountains National Park and KNP -- 3 Regional Tourism Developments -- 4 Challenges and Opportunities -- 4.1 The Indigenous Stewardship Model (ISM) -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Conceptual and Institutional Frameworks for Protected Areas, and the Status of Indigenous Involvement: Considerations for the Bering Strait Region of Alaska -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Existing Protected Areas -- 2.1 Northern Bering Sea Research Area -- 2.2 Saint Lawrence Island Habitat Conservation Area -- 2.3 Arctic Management Area -- 2.3.1 Spectacled Eider Critical Habitat Areas -- 2.3.2 Tribal Involvement -- 3 Challenges from the Perspective of Tribes -- 3.1 Bottom Trawl Fishing -- 3.2 Arctic Fishing -- 3.3 Salmon Bycatch -- 3.4 Increasing Vessel Traffic -- 3.5 Resource Development -- 3.6 Climate Change -- 4 Tribal Frameworks -- 4.1 Indigenous Justifications -- 4.2 Indigenous Examples -- 4.3 Alternate Conceptualizations of Protection -- 4.4 The 'Relationship' -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Cultural, Spiritual, Ecological, Aesthetic, Recreational and Economic Values of Protected Areas and Indigenous Lands and Territories in the Arctic -- Protecting the 'Caribou Heaven': A Sacred Site of the Naskapi and Protected Area Establishment in Nunavik, Canada -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sacred Natural Sites and Protected Areas -- 2.1 Cultural and Spiritual Values Associated with Biodiversity -- 2.2 Threatened Sacred Natural Sites -- 2.3 Recognition of Sacred Sites in International Legal and Political Frameworks -- 3 Indigenous People and Protected Areas in Canada. 4 Kuururjuaq National Park -- 5 The Naskapi Nation and the Connections between Nature and Culture -- 6 The Legend of the Caribou Heaven -- 7 Protecting the Sacred Natural Site "Caribou Heaven" within the new Kuururjuaq National Park -- 8 Lessons Drawn -- References -- The Governance of Protected Areas in Greenland: The Resource National Park among Conservation and Exploitation -- 1 Environmental Protection and Protected Areas in Greenland -- 2 The National Park of Greenland -- 3 Meanings and Values of a Protected Area -- 4 Governance and Local Population: The Resource National Park as Opportunity for the Socio-economic Revitalisation of the Adjacent Town of Ittoqqortoormiit -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Laws and Regulations -- Conflicting Understandings in Polar Bear Co-management in the Inuit Nunangat: Enacting Inuit Knowledge and Identity -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Why Ban the Hunt? -- 2.1 The Current Juncture -- 2.2 A Source of the Problem -- 3 Bear and Inuk, a Story of Equals -- 3.1 The Bear as a Living, Thinking Being -- 3.2 The Bear as a Sentient Being -- 4 Hunting as a Form of Identity Revitalization -- 4.1 Subsistence Hunting -- 4.2 Sport Hunting -- 4.3 The Need to Hunt -- 4.4 Hunting as Sharing -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Part IV: Incentives Towards Protected Area Reconciliation and Rights-Based Reform in Governance of Indigenous Territories in the Arctic -- Beyond the Protection of the Land, National Parks in the Canadian Arctic: A Way to Actualized and Institutionalized Aboriginal Cultures in the Global -- 1 The Place of Aboriginal Peoples in the Governance of Parks in the Canadian Arctic: from Co-management to "Co-jurisdiction" -- 2 To Ensure the Permanence of Aboriginals' Relationship with Nature -- 3 Placing Culture in the Future -- 4 Conclusion -- References. Recognition of Indigenous Lands Through the Norwegian 2005 Finnmark Act: An Important Example for Other Countries with Indigenous People? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Preparatory Work of the Finnmark Act -- 2.1 A Backdrop -- 2.2 The Draft of the Sámi Rights Committee and the Governmental Response -- 2.3 The Final Preparation of the Act -- Consultations between the Parliamentary Standing Committee of Justice and the Sámi Parliament -- 3 The Identification and Recognition Process of the Finnmark Act Chapter 5 -- 3.1 The Mandate of Finnmark Commission -- 3.2 The Considerations to Sámi Customs, Legal Opinions and Customary Law -- 3.3 Some Other Procedural Law Requirements of Importance -- 3.4 The Duties of the Finnmark Estate and the Private Parties -- 3.5 The Land Tribunal for Finnmark -- 4 Final Remarks -- Global Context - Arctic Importance: Free, Prior and Informed Consent, a New Paradigm in International Law Related to Indigenous Peoples -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Context: Paradigm Shift in Indigenous Peoples' International Status -- 3 Concept of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of Indigenous Peoples -- 3.1 FPIC in Indigenous Rights Instruments -- 4 FPIC and Human Rights Monitoring Bodies -- 4.1 General Comments and Concluding Observations -- 4.2 FPIC in Jurisprudence of the Human Rights Monitoring Bodies -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part V: Rhetoric and Protected Territories in the Arctic -- Untouched and Uninhabited: Conflicting Canadian Rhetoric on the Protection of the Environment and Advancing Northern Economies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Government of Canada's Northern Resource Extraction Policies as Communicated through the Prime Minister's Speeches -- 3 The Co-existence of Conservation Initiatives -- 4 Tensions and Resolutions -- References -- Index.