TY  - BOOK
AU  - Hemnes,Anna R.
TI  - Gender, Sex Hormones and Respiratory Disease: A Comprehensive Guide
T2  - Respiratory Medicine Series
SN  - 9783319239989
AV  - RC705-779 
U1  - 616.200442 
PY  - 2015///
CY  - Cham
PB  - Springer International Publishing AG
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Electronic books
N1  - Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Sex Differences in Normal Pulmonary Structure and Function at Rest and During Exercise -- Introduction -- Normal Hormonal Fluctuations -- Morphology -- Pulmonary Function During Exercise -- Pulmonary Gas Exchange -- Gas Exchange at Rest and During Exercise -- Exercise-Induced Arterial Hypoxemia -- Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch -- Shunts -- Diffusion Limitation -- Inadequate Hyperventilation -- Ventilation -- Expiratory Flow Limitation -- Respiratory Work/Muscles -- Work of Breathing -- Metabolic Cost of Breathing -- Exercise-Induced Respiratory Muscle Fatigue -- Across the Life span (Children to Aging) -- Children -- Aging -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Sex Hormone Signaling in the Lung in Health and Disease: Airways, Parenchyma, and Pulmonary Vasculature -- Introduction -- Overview of Sex Hormone Synthesis, Signaling, and Regulation -- Sex Hormone Synthesis and Metabolism -- The Role of Biologically Active Estrogen Metabolites (Fig. 2.2) -- Mechanisms of Estrogen-Mediated Signaling -- Regulation of Estrogen Signaling -- Progesterone and Androgen-Mediated Signaling -- Regulation of Progesterone and Androgen Signaling -- Sex Hormones and Lung Development -- Sex Hormones and the Prenatal and Early Postnatal Lung -- Sex Differences in the Pubescent Lung -- Sex Differences in the Aging Lung -- Effects of Sex Hormones on the Healthy Lung -- Bronchial Epithelium -- Alveolar Epithelium -- Airway Smooth Muscle -- Parenchyma -- Pulmonary Vasculature -- Immune Cells -- Sex Hormone Effects on Respiratory Mechanics and Respiratory Control -- Clinical Implications -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 3: Women and COPD -- Introduction -- Risk Factors -- Disease Prevalence -- Mortality -- Bias in Diagnosis -- Tobacco Susceptibility -- Disease Presentation; Health Care Utilization and Management -- Differences in Disease Biology and Phenotype -- Comorbidities in COPD -- Therapeutic Implications -- Tobacco Cessation -- Pharmacotherapeutics -- Pulmonary Rehabilitation -- Oxygen Therapy -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Sex, Gender, and Asthma -- Classifications Systems for Patients with Asthma -- Host Immune Responses in Asthma -- Changes in Sex Hormones during Puberty, Pregnancy, and Menopause Adversely Affect a Subset of Women with Asthma -- Pre- and Perimenstrual Asthma Symptoms -- Pregnancy and Asthma -- Menopause and Asthma -- Summary -- Sex Hormones in Mouse Models of Asthma -- Baseline AHR and Airway Physiology in Female and Male Mice -- Establishment of Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice -- Other Triggers of Asthma and the Role of Sex Hormones on Immune Cells -- Summary of Sex Hormones and Asthma -- References -- Chapter 5: Sex Hormones, Sex, Gender, and Pulmonary Hypertension -- Introduction -- Sex and the Epidemiology of PAH: Prevalent Cases Skew toward Females -- The Association Between Sex Hormones and Human PAH -- The Pulmonary Vasculature: Effects of Sex Hormones -- Beyond Parent Compound Sex Hormones: Metabolites -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Pulmonary Fibrosis -- Introduction -- Part I. Host -- Connective Tissue Disease (CTD)-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) -- Scleroderma -- Rheumatoid Arthritis -- System Lupus Erythematosus -- Sjogren's -- Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis -- Mixed Connective Tissue Disease -- Autoimmune Disease -- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis -- Genetic Regulation -- Surfactant Proteins -- Telomeres -- MUC -- Alveolar Epithelium -- Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)/Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-Stress -- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition -- Innate Immunity -- Integrin -- MicroRNA (miRNA) -- Epigenetics -- Sex Hormones -- Part II. Environment; Tobacco Smoke -- Epidemiology of Tobacco Use in Women -- Tobacco Use and IPF -- Sociocultural Influence on Tobacco Use -- Biologic Influence on Tobacco Use -- Environmental Risk Factors -- Occupational Exposure -- Biomass Fuel -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Sex-Specific Differences in Lung Cancer -- Lung Cancer and Smoking Incidence among Males and Females -- Sex Differences in Lung Cancer Presentation -- Age and Histology -- Never-Smoking Status -- Molecular Alterations: Oncogenic Drivers and Tumor Suppressors -- Role of HPV in Female Lung Cancer -- Sex as a Prognostic Factor in Lung Cancer Outcome -- Influence of Sex-Related Genetic Factors -- Tobacco Carcinogen Metabolism -- DNA Repair Capacity -- Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor -- Role of Estrogen in Lung Cancer Risk -- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Lung Cancer Risk -- Anti-estrogens Protect Against Lung Cancer Mortality -- Estrogen Receptors and Local Estrogen Synthesis in Lung Carcinomas -- Targeting the Estrogen Pathway for Lung Cancer Therapy -- Preclinical Rationale for Targeting the Estrogen Pathway in Lung Cancer -- Clinical Trials of Anti-estrogen Therapy in Lung Cancer -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis -- Clinical Presentation -- Approach to Diagnosis -- Differential Diagnosis -- LAM and TSC: Clinical Association -- Mechanisms of mTOR Signaling and Dysregulation in TSC and LAM -- Natural History and Prognosis -- LAM Treatment -- Sex Hormones and LAM -- Additional Clinical Trials and Future Directions -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: Developmental Lung Disease -- Introduction -- Normal Lung Development -- Hormonal Influences During Lung Development -- Female Hormones -- Male Hormones -- Glucocorticoids -- Gene Expression During Lung Development -- Environmental Exposures and Lung Development -- Summary -- References -- Index
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