Earthquakes and Their Impact on Society.
- 1st ed.
- 1 online resource (718 pages)
- Springer Natural Hazards Series .
- Springer Natural Hazards Series .
Intro -- Preface -- A Description of Seismicity Based on Non-extensive Statistical Physics: A Review -- Recognition of periAdriatic Seismic Zones Most Prone to Next Major Earthquakes: Insights from a Deterministic Approach -- Forecasting Moderate Earthquakes in Northern Algeria and Morocco -- An Earthquake Catalogue (2200 B.C. to 2013) for Seismotectonic and Seismic Hazard Assessment Studies in Egypt -- Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Romania -- Practicality of Monitoring Crustal Deformation Processes in Subduction Zones by Seafloor and Inland Networks of Seismological Observations -- Neo-deterministic Definition of Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Scenarios for the Territory of Gujarat (India) -- Geophysical Characterization of Liquefied Terrains Using the Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods: The Case of the Emilia Earthquake 2012 -- Working Strategies for Addressing Microzoning Studies in Urban Areas: Lessons from the 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake -- Earthquake-Induced Reactivation of Landslides: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives -- Resilience, Vulnerability and Prevention Policies of Territorial Systems in Areas at High Seismic Risk -- Numerical Study of the Seismic Response of a Mid-Rise RC Building Damaged by 2009 Tucacas Earthquake -- Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability of Rural Houses in China -- Finite Element Modelling for Seismic Assessment of Historic Masonry Buildings -- Earthquake-Resistant and Thermo-Insulating Infill Panel with Recycled-Plastic Joints -- Base Isolation and Translation of a Strategic Building Under a Preservation Order -- Lessons from the Wenchuan Earthquake -- Lessons Learned from the Recent Earthquakes in Iran -- ``The Impact of the Great 1950 Assam Earthquake on the Frontal Regions of the Northeast Himalaya'' -- Archaeoseismology in Sicily: Past Earthquakes and Effects on Ancient Society. The Earthquakes of Southern Italy from the 18th to the 20th Centuries -- Earthquake and People: The Maltese Experience of the 1908 Messina Earthquake -- A Web Application Prototype for the Multiscale Modelling of Seismic Input -- Rapid Response to the Earthquake Emergencies in Italy: Temporary Seismic Networks Coordinated Deployments in the Last Five Years -- The Key Role of Eyewitnesses in Rapid Impact Assessment of Global Earthquakes -- Real-Time Mapping of Earthquake Perception Areas in the Italian Region from Twitter Streams Analysis -- The Easter Sunday 2011 Earthquake Swarm Offshore Malta: Analysis on Felt Reports -- Earthquake Readiness and Recovery: An Asia-Pacific Perspective -- Geoethics, Neogeography and Risk Perception: Myth, Natural and Human Factors in Archaic and Postmodern Society -- Psychosocial Support to People Affected by the September 5, 2012, Costa Rica Earthquake -- The Lisbon Earthquake in the French Literature -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 A Description of Seismicity Based on Non-extensive Statistical Physics: A Review -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fundamentals of Non-extensive Statistical Physics -- 2.1 Optimizing Tsallis Entropy Sq -- 2.2 Cases with Two Slopes -- 3 Applications in Seismicity -- 3.1 Non-extensive Pathways in Earthquake Size Distributions -- 3.1.1 The Fragment-Asperity Model -- 3.1.2 Global Earthquake Size Distribution. The Effect of Mega-Earthquakes -- 3.1.3 Increments of Earthquake Energies -- 3.2 Spatiotemporal Description -- 3.3 Fault Networks -- 3.4 Plate Tectonics as a Case of Non-extensive Thermodynamics -- 3.5 Laboratory Seismology -- 3.6 Can Non-extensive Statistical Physics Predict Seismicity's Evolution? -- 4 Quo Vademus? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Recognition of periAdriatic Seismic Zones Most Prone to Next Major Earthquakes: Insights from a Deterministic Approach -- 1 Introduction. 2 Interaction Between Southern Apennine and Southern Dinaric Seismic Sources -- 3 Interaction Between Calabrian and Hellenic Seismic Sources -- 4 Migration of Seismicity Along the periAdriatic Zones -- 5 Conclusions and Discussion -- 6 Possible Social Impact of the Proposed Prediction -- Appendix -- References -- 3 Forecasting Moderate Earthquakes in Northern Algeria and Morocco -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geological Setting of the Area -- 3 Seismic Catalog and Spatial Distribution of Earthquakes -- 4 Forecasting Locations of Moderate Earthquakes -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 4 An Earthquake Catalogue (2200 B.C. to 2013) for Seismotectonic and Seismic Hazard Assessment Studies in Egypt -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tectonic Setting of Egypt -- 3 Seismicity of Egypt -- 4 Seismic Record in Egypt -- 4.1 The Pre-instrumental Era (Pre-1900) -- 4.2 The Instrumental Period (Post-1900) -- 5 Earthquake Catalogue Compilation -- 6 Catalogue Analysis -- 6.1 Converting Intensities and Reported Magnitudes to Moment Magnitude -- 6.2 Catalogue Declustering -- 6.3 Catalogue Completeness -- 7 Magnitude-Frequency Relationship -- 8 Focal Mechanism Solutions Database (1940--2013) -- 9 Discussion -- 10 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Romania -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Selection of GMPEs -- 2.1 Strong Ground Motion Database -- 2.2 Evaluation of the GMPEs -- 3 Sensitivity Analysis -- 3.1 Influence of Earthquakes Catalogue Duration -- 3.2 Influence of the Maximum Magnitude -- 3.3 Influence of the Minimum Magnitude -- 3.4 Influence of the Focal Depth Range -- 3.5 Influence of epsilon -- 3.6 PSHA Results Versus Observed Values -- 4 Seismic Hazard Analysis -- 4.1 Seismic Sources Influencing Romanian Territory -- 4.2 GMPEs Used in the PSHA -- 4.3 Logic Tree -- 4.4 PSHA Results and Seismic Hazard Maps. 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Practicality of Monitoring Crustal Deformation Processes in Subduction Zones by Seafloor and Inland Networks of Seismological Observations -- 1 Introduction: A Review of Previous Studies on the Locked Region off Tokai -- 1.1 The Seismic Gap off Tokai, Central Japan -- 1.2 2D Preliminary Model of the Tokai Earthquake -- 1.3 Trial Fitting of Simulated Leveling Changes to Observed Data at Benchmarks -- 2 Trial Estimation of the Stress Field Using Inland Observation Networks -- 3 Modeling of the Earthquake Cycle for the 1944 Tonankai Earthquake -- 4 Detectability of Crustal Deformation Driven by Slow Earthquakes -- 5 Discussion and Conclusions: Social Impact of Seismological Studies on the Public and Toward Disaster Mitigation of Megathrust Earthquakes -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Neo-deterministic Definition of Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Scenarios for the Territory of Gujarat (India) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regional Scale Neo-deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment in Gujarat -- 2.1 Method -- 2.2 Input Data -- 2.3 Results -- 2.4 Comparing Neo-deterministic and Probabilistic Ground Shaking Estimates -- 3 Tsunami Hazard Assessment for Coastal Region of Gujarat -- 3.1 Methodology -- 3.2 Selected Sources and Results -- 4 Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 8 Geophysical Characterization of Liquefied Terrains Using the Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Methods: The Case of the Emilia Earthquake 2012 -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Tomography (ERT/IPT) -- 3 Geological and Paleo-Geographical Outline -- 4 Data Collection and Processing -- 5 Results -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- 9 Working Strategies for Addressing Microzoning Studies in Urban Areas: Lessons from the 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake -- 1 Introduction. 2 Main Features of the Aterno Valley Seismicity -- 3 Main Features of the Surface Geology of the Aterno Valley -- 4 Seismic Monitoring Throughout the Southern Portion of the Aterno Valley -- 4.1 Seismic Monitoring at Urban Sites -- 4.2 Concluding Remarks on Seismic Monitoring -- 5 Numerical Simulations of Seismic Amplification Within the Aterno Valley -- 5.1 Some Evidences from the Main Shock Records -- 5.2 Predicting Local Seismic Response at Onna (Macroarea 5) and L'Aquila City Centers (Macroarea 1) by Means of Numerical Simulations -- 5.2.1 One-Dimensional Analyses -- 5.2.2 Two-Dimensional Analyses at Macroarea 5---Onna-Monticchio-SanGregorio Alignment -- 5.3 Concluding Remarks from 1D and 2D Numerical Simulations -- 6 Microzoning by Means of Ambient Noise Measurements -- 6.1 Theoretical Aspects and Limitations of Nakamura Method -- 6.2 H/V Ratios Measured at Macroarea 6 in the Aterno Valley -- 6.3 Concluding Remarks on Noise Measurements for Predicting the Natural Frequency of the Site -- References -- 10 Earthquake-Induced Reactivation of Landslides: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Slope Stability Under Seismic Action -- 2.1 Unconventional Pseudostatic Analysis -- 3 Earthquake-Induced Displacements of Pre-existing Landslides -- 3.1 From the Rigid to the Flexible Sliding-Block Methods -- 3.2 Dynamic Approaches -- 3.2.1 The Giant Vokhchaberd Landslide (Armenia): A Deterministic Dynamic Analysis Using a Sine Wave Input -- 3.2.2 The Calitri Landslide (Italy): A Dynamic Sensitivity Analysis on the Frequency of Sine Wave Inputs -- 3.2.3 The Cerda Landslide (Italy): A Dynamic Back-Analysis Using a Multifrequential Dynamic Input -- 3.2.4 The Diezma Landslide (Spain): A Dynamic Sensitivity Analysis to the Frequency Content of Seismic Inputs -- 4 Seismic Response of Landslide Masses. 4.1 Case Studies: From Seismic Measurements to Numerical Models.