Digital Passages : Migrant Youth 2. 0: Diaspora, Gender and Youth Cultural Intersections.

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1. Online/offline space and power relations -- Digital divides -- Internet platforms as passages -- Space invader tactics -- 2. Digital identity performativity -- Micro-politics -- Intersectionality -- Digital identities: Materiality, representation &amp -- affectivity -- 3. Moroccan-Dutchness in the context of the Netherlands -- Deconstructing labels -- 4. The transnational habitus of second-generation migrant youth: From roots to routes -- 5. Hypertextual selves: Digital conviviality -- 6. Structure of the book -- 1. Methodological trajectory -- 1.1 Empiricism versus constructivism -- 1.2 The Wired Up survey -- Constructing the survey -- The power of definition -- Survey sampling and access -- Conducting the survey -- Descriptive survey data about digital practices of Moroccan-Dutch youth -- 1.3 In-depth interviews -- Interview sampling -- Doing interviews using participatory techniques -- Reflexivity and power relations -- Inside and outside school: The dynamics of interview settings -- Selecting field sites -- 1.4 Virtual ethnography -- Publicly accessible digital field sites -- Accessing closed digital field sites -- 1.5 Analyzing informants' narratives -- Politics of translation -- Coding -- Feminist poststructuralist critical discourse analysis -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 2. Voices from the margins on Internet forums -- 2.1 Internet forum participation among Moroccan-Dutch youth -- Marokko.nl and Chaima.nl -- 2.2 Theorizing Internet forums as subaltern counterpublics -- 2.3 Digital multiculturalism: "Not all Moroccans are the same" -- Hush harbors -- The carnivalesque -- Networked power contradictions -- 2.4 Digital "hchouma": Renegotiating gender -- Daring to break taboos: "I just want to know what 'the real deal' is" -- 2.5 Digital postsecularism: Performing Muslimness.

Digital reconfigurations of religious authority -- Voicing Muslimness -- 2.6 Conclusions -- 3. Expanding socio-cultural parameters of action using Instant messaging -- 3.1 Moroccan-Dutch youth using instant messaging -- 3.2 Theorizing instant messaging as a way of being in the world -- 3.3 The private backstage -- Conversational topics -- Boundary making -- Unstable boundaries: Risks and opportunities -- 3.4 The more public onstage -- Display pictures and gender stereotypes -- Display names and bricolage -- A funky, informal writing style -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 4. Selfies and hypertextual selves on social networking sites -- 4.1 Moroccan-Dutch youth on Hyves and Facebook -- Self-profiling attributes -- Motivations -- 4.2 Theorizing the politics of online social networking sites -- Templates and user cultures -- Neoliberal SNS logics -- Teenager SNS logics -- 4.3 Selfies and the gendered gaze -- Selfie ideals -- Meeting the gaze: Objectification and/or representation -- Victimization and cautionary measures -- In-betweenness -- 4.4 Hypertextual selves and the micro-politics of association -- Cultural self-profiling as fandom -- Differential networking -- Cosmopolitan perspectives -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 5. Affective geographies on YouTube -- 5.1 Moroccan-Dutch youth using YouTube -- The Ummah -- Fitna -- 5.2 Theorizing the politics of YouTube -- 5.3 Theorizing affective geographies and YouTube use -- 5.4 Rooted belongings: Transnational affectivity -- 5.5 Routed affective belongings across geographies -- 5.6 Conclusions -- Conclusions -- 1. Transdisciplinary dialogues -- 2. Methodological considerations -- 3. Digital inequality and spatial hierarchies -- 4. Space invader tactics and digital belonging -- Bibliography -- Appendix 1: Meet the informants -- Index -- List of figures.

Fig. 1: "Mocro's be like. Born Here," tweet @Nasrdin_Dchar (March 17, 2014) -- Fig. 2: Geweigerd.nl website top banner (March 6, 2005). -- Fig. 3: Google.nl search for "Marokkanen" (June 28, 2012) -- Fig. 4: Internet map made by Soesie, a thirteen-year-old girl -- Fig. 5: Word cloud based on all Internet applications included in the Internet maps of the informants -- Fig. 6: Four different approaches to discourse analysis (Phillips and Hardy, 2002, p. 20) -- Fig. 7: "Average Moroccan boys look like this," forum user Mocro_s contesting Moroccan-Dutch masculinity (Mocro_s, 2007a) -- Fig. 8: "Average Moroccan girls look like this," forum user Mocro_s contesting Moroccan-Dutch femininity (Mocro_s, 2007b) -- Fig. 9: Forum user Mocro_s contesting Moroccan-Dutch religiosity (Mocro_s, 2007b) -- Fig. 10: Cartoon Overvaren (in English: Sailing Across) (Rafje.nl, 2011) -- Fig. 11: Screenshot of an MSN Messenger conversation with twelve-year-old Soufian (July 22, 2011) -- Fig. 12: Hyves groups thirteen-year-old Anas linked to on his Hyves profile page (July 22, 2011) -- Fig. 13: Facebook advertisements (advertisements appeared on October 16, 2011, and January 11, 2012) -- Fig. 14: Still from Bezems 2010.!! uploaded by user Bezemswalla on YouTube (February 8, 2010) -- Fig. 15: Hyves groups Midia linked to on her Hyves profile page (April 15, 2009) -- Fig. 16: "I'm a Berber Soldier," archived from http://imazighen.hyves.nl (September 19, 2009) -- Fig. 17: "Error," archived from http://trotsopmarokko.hyves.nl (October 23, 2009) -- Fig. 18: "100% Marokaan," archived from http://trotsopmarokko.hyves.nl (October 23, 2009) -- Fig. 19: Still from Kop of Munt, YouTube video uploaded by MUNT (October 20, 2009) -- Fig. 20: Still from Marrakech, Morocco City Drive, YouTube video uploaded by eMoroccan (October 8, 2010) -- List of tables.

Table 1:  Time frame of different fieldwork activities -- Table 2:  Frequency of non-Internet media use among Moroccan-Dutch youth (percentages, n = 344) -- Table 3:  The interviewees -- names are pseudonyms suggested by the informants -- Table 4:  The importance of online discussion forums in the lives of Moroccan-Dutch youth (percentages, n = 344) -- Table 5:  The importance of instant messaging in the lives of Moroccan-Dutch youth (percentages, n = 344) -- Table 6:  The importance of social networking sites in the lives of Moroccan-Dutch youth (percentages, n = 344) -- Table 7:  Self-profiling cultural affiliations (n = 344 Moroccan-Dutch and 448 ethnic-majority Dutch respondents) -- Table 8:  The importance of YouTube in the lives of Moroccan-Dutch youth (percentages, n = 344) -- List of diagrams -- Diagram 1: Subcultural affiliations as expressed by the Moroccan-Dutch survey respondents (percentages, multiple answers possible, n = 344) -- Diagram 2: Locations where Moroccan-Dutch youth connect to the Internet (percentages, n = 344) -- Diagram 3: Internet application user frequencies of Moroccan-Dutch youth (means, 5-point scale, n = 344) -- Diagram 4: The attachment of Moroccan-Dutch youth to various Internet applications (means, 3-point scale, n = 344) -- Diagram 5: Attention for major news events on nl.politiek and Marokko.nl (adapted from Van Stekelenburg, Oegema &amp -- Klandermans, 2011, p. 263) -- Diagram 6: Topics Moroccan-Dutch youth report to discuss (graph shows percentages, n = 344) -- Diagram 7: Moroccan-Dutch youth self-reporting SNS profiling attributes (graph shows percentages, n = 344) -- Diagram 8: Reasons for participating in self-profiling on SNSs (multiple answers possible, graph shows percentages, n = 344) -- Diagram 9: Selfie ideals reported by Moroccan-Dutch youth (multiple answers possible, percentages, n = 344).

Diagram 10: Moroccan-Dutch youth cultural self-profiling on SNSs (multiple answers possible, graph shows percentages, n = 344) -- Diagram 11: Geographical locations of music artists interviewees look up on YouTube (percentages, multiple answers possible, n = 43) -- Diagram 12: Geographical locations of artists interviewees combine in their YouTube viewing practices (percentages, n = 43).

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