The Routledge Handbook of Turkish Politics.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The structure of the Handbook -- PART I: History and the making of contemporary Turkey -- 1. Turkish politics: structures and dynamics -- Introduction -- First Republic, 1920s-1960s -- 'Second Republic', 1960s-1990s -- 'Third Republic', 1990s-present day -- Conclusion -- References -- 2. Turkey's never-ending search for democracy -- Introduction -- Turkey's pendular, variable geometry democracy -- Impediments to the well-functioning and consolidation of Turkey's democracy -- The legacy: state-led modernisation -- The political consequences of state-led modernisation -- Socio-economic change democratises society -- What went wrong: the rise of electoral authoritarianism -- Conclusion: quo vadis Turkish democracy? -- References -- 3. Turkish secularism: looking forward and beyond the West -- Introduction -- Secularisation -- Secularity -- Secularism -- Political secularism -- Explaining political secularism(s) -- Secularity beyond the West and post-secularity -- Situating laiklik in the world and overcoming Turkish exceptionalism -- Classifying Laiklik -- Explaining laiklik -- Conclusions: reforming and democratising versus vilifying and scratching laiklik -- References -- 4. Political Islam -- Introduction -- From Empire to Republic: religion and state building in the late Ottoman era -- Kemalist Turkey: religion becomes a bureaucratic apparatus -- The emergence of Islamist dissent -- Islamists' early attempts to engage in institutionalised politics -- The Turkish Islamic synthesis begins to find its voice(s) -- Political Islam goes mainstream: the evolution of the AKP from 'moderate Islam' to 'Erdog˘anism' -- Conclusions -- References.

5. The politics of Turkish nationalism: continuity and change -- Introduction -- The rise of Turkish nationalism: 1908-1945 -- From state-nation to nation-state: Islam and Turkish nationalism (1950-2000) -- Political Islam and the ethnicisation of Turkish nationalism in the 2000s -- Conclusion -- References -- PART II: Politics and institutions -- 6. Elections, parties, and the party system -- Introduction -- Socio-cultural cleavages, elections, and the birth of political parties (1908-1950) -- The post-1982 elections, political parties, and party system -- Turkish political parties, party system, and elections in the twenty-first century -- Conclusion: from one-party to multi-party and to hegemonic one-party rule -- Tables -- References -- 7. The presidency in Turkish politics: from independence to the AKP -- Introduction: the rise and fall of parliamentarism in Turkey -- The 1990s: introducing a presidential system as effective government -- The conquest and transformation of the presidency under the AKP -- Erdog˘an's political craft -- Conclusion: the 2018 elections for the executive presidency -- References -- 8. Civil-military relations -- Introduction -- Secondary role -- Activist posture -- Interventions -- Normalisation The military -- Conclusion -- References -- 9. NGOs and civil society -- Introduction -- Meanings of civil society -- The development of civil society and NGOs in Turkey -- A tale of two civil societies -- Future trajectories: populism, neoliberalism, and authoritarianism -- Conclusion -- References -- 10. The media and media policy -- Introduction -- Mass media in Turkey until 2000 -- European integration reforms and the AKP's first term in power (2002-2007) -- The second AKP government (2007-2011) and the consolidation of political tutelage on the media sector -- The third term of the AKP government (2011-2015).

Post-coup media environment -- Conclusion -- References -- PART III: The economy, environment, and development -- 11. Political economy -- Introduction -- From state-led development to reluctant neoliberalism -- The political economy of the AKP era -- Conclusion: pathways from the semi-periphery - Turkey as an emerging power -- References -- 12. Energy security and policy: between bandwagoning and hedging -- Introduction: a brief history of Turkey's bid for energy security -- Main areas of scholarly policy research -- Key issues in energy security policy -- Conclusion -- References -- 13. The politics of environment and climate change -- Introduction -- A brief history of environmental and climate policies in Turkey -- Current debates and challenges to environmental politics -- Conclusion -- References -- 14. The economic role of cities -- Introduction -- The backdrop: Turkey in an urbanising world -- Early urban settlement patterns and the modernisation period -- Turkish cities today -- Conclusions -- References -- 15. Governing Turkey's diaspora(s) and the limits of diaspora diplomacy -- Introduction -- Trajectories of Turkey's diaspora policy -- From negligence to proactive engagement -- New Turkey's diaspora policy under the AKP -- Conclusion -- References -- 16. Disaster management policy and governance -- Introduction -- Disaster experiences and getting in line with formative 'good practice' -- Wider governance dynamics in Turkey in the early 2000s -- The new system and earthquakes: test of the new system -- Conclusion -- References -- PART IV: The Kurdish insurgency and security -- 17. The Kurdish question -- Introduction -- Change and continuity in the Kurdish question in Turkey -- Kurdish revolts in the Ottoman Empire -- Kurdish politics in the early years of the Republic -- Kurds in the early multiparty era - the calm before the storm.

Coup politics and the violent radicalisation of the Kurdish question -- The AKP and the Kurdish question - from fresh thinking to more of the same -- Conclusion -- References -- 18. The Kurdish insurgency -- Introduction -- The historical context - past Kurdish insurgencies in Turkey -- The PKK - a new kind of Kurdish insurgency in modern Turkey -- The effects of the PKK insurgency in Turkey -- Conclusion: societal polarisation and democracy under siege - future prospects for insurgency -- References -- 19. The perennial Kurdish question and failed peace processes -- Introduction -- A deadly conflict -- A decade of peace processes -- The failure -- The road to the peace process II -- Conclusion:unpromising prospects -- References -- 20. Terrorism, counter-insurgency, and societal relations -- Introduction -- Historical background -- The current situation -- Conclusion:future trajectories -- References -- 21. The village guard system: counter-insurgency and local collaboration -- Introduction -- The 1980s: negotiation and reward -- The 1990s: transformation of the village guard system -- The 2000s: from militias to civil servants -- Conclusion -- References -- 22. The 15 July 2016 failed coup and the security sector -- Introduction -- The context leading up to the failed coup -- The coup -- The aftermath of the coup and lessons unlearned -- Conclusion -- References -- PART V: State, society, and rights -- 23. Human rights -- Introduction -- The formation of the republic and transition to democracy (1923-1960) -- The implementation of the 1961 Constitution (1961-1980) -- The military rule and transition to the reform period (1980-2002) -- The rule of the AKP (since 2002) -- Conclusion -- References -- 24. Gender politics and the women's movement -- Introduction: women in the Turkish political scene.

Feminist interventions in Turkish politics: the radical turn since the 1980s -- Standing against the stream? Gender politics under the AKP government -- Conclusion -- References -- 25. Religious minorities -- Introduction -- Limited 'Lausanne': Greeks, Armenians, and Jews -- Alevis: an unrecognised minority -- Other de facto religious minorities -- Conclusion: extermination, assimilation, folklorisation -- References -- 26. Religious education -- Introduction -- The education system and religion in modern Turkey -- The establishment and growth of İmam-Hatip schools (1951) -- The military coup of 1980 -- The golden age of İmam-Hatips -- The 28 February Process -- The AKP's policy on religious education (2002-2017) -- The revival of İmam-Hatip schools -- 4+4+4 and raising a pious generation -- Current challenges and possible future trajectories -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 27. The transformation of health and healthcare: transitioning from consuming healthcare to producing and maintaining health -- Introduction -- Theoretical considerations in assessing health(care) system performance -- The health system before the Health Transformation Programme (HTP) -- The HTP era (2003-2011): goals and accomplishments -- Unfinished agenda and emerging new challenges -- What is next: the way forward -- Conclusion -- Disclaimer -- Acknowledgement -- References -- PART VI: External relations -- 28. Foreign policy, 1923-2018 -- Introduction -- Foundations and geopolitical realities -- Conjunctural determinants of Turkish foreign policy -- Turkish foreign policy at the end of the Cold War -- Revisionism of the AKP -- Conclusion -- References -- 29. Resetting Turkish foreign policy in a time of global turmoil -- Introduction -- Global turmoil and regional instability -- Turkish foreign policy in turbulent times: from proactivism to moral realism.

Conclusion: what next?.

The Handbook pulls together contributions from many of the world's leading scholars on different aspects of Turkey. Its scope is widely comprehensive, covering all aspects of both formal and informal politics, highlighting how it is necessary to grasp the interlinkages between the different themes in order to fully understand Turkey today.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.