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Environmental Considerations Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing Operations : Adjusting to the Shale Revolution in a Green World.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2019Copyright date: ©2019Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (579 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781119336105
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Environmental Considerations Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing OperationsLOC classification:
  • TN871.255 .J336 2019
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Energy and the Shale Revolution -- 1.2 Cultural Influences -- 1.3 Conventional Versus Unconventional Resources -- 1.4 Well Simulation -- 1.4.1 Types of Well Stimulation Technologies -- 1.4.2 Terminology -- 1.5 Hydraulic Fracturing in the United States -- 1.6 Environmental Considerations -- 1.6.1 Environmental Stewardship -- 1.6.2 The New Energy Landscape and Environmental Challenges -- 1.7 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 2 Historical Development from Fracturing to Hydraulic Fracturing -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Explosives and Guns (1820s-1930s) -- 2.2.1 The Battle of Fredericksburg and the Roberts Petroleum Torpedo Company -- 2.2.2 Well Casing Perforators -- 2.2.3 The First Perforating Guns -- 2.2.4 Bazooka Technology -- 2.2.5 Matrix Acidizing Treatment -- 2.2.6 The Sulfur King -- 2.2.7 Modern Age of Acidizing -- 2.3 The Birth of the Petroleum Engineer (1940s-1950s) -- 2.3.1 The Hydrafrac Process -- 2.4 Going Nuclear During Peak Oil (1960s to Mid‐1970s) -- 2.4.1 Project Plowshare -- 2.4.2 Project Gasbuggy -- 2.4.3 Project Rulison and Project Rio Blanco -- 2.4.4 Project Bronco -- 2.4.5 Project Wagon Wheel -- 2.4.6 Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Program -- 2.4.7 Other Innovations -- 2.4.8 Peak Oil -- 2.5 The Rise of the Unconventionals (Mid-1970s to Present) -- 2.5.1 Horizontal Drilling -- 2.5.2 The Carter Years and the Role of the Feds -- 2.5.3 Recent Innovations in Fluids and Additives (2000-2010) -- 2.6 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 3 Geology of Unconventional Resources -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Oil Shale Nomenclature -- 3.3 Oil Shale Classification -- 3.4 Types of Shale Formations Based on Production -- 3.4.1 Shale Gas.
3.4.2 Tight Natural Gas -- 3.4.3 Tight Oil -- 3.4.4 Coalbed Natural Gas -- 3.5 Geology of United States Shale Deposits -- 3.5.1 Green River Formation -- 3.5.2 Eastern Devonian-Mississippian Oil Shale Case Study -- 3.5.3 Specific Shale Plays -- 3.5.4 Barnett Shale -- 3.5.5 The Marcellus Shale -- 3.5.6 The Fayetteville Shale -- 3.5.7 The Haynesville Shale -- 3.5.8 The Woodford Shale -- 3.5.9 The Antrim Shale -- 3.5.10 The New Albany Shale -- 3.5.11 The Bakken Formation and Three Forks Formations -- 3.5.12 The Monterey Formation/Monterey Temblor -- 3.5.13 Geology of World Shale Deposits -- 3.5.14 Estimated Worldwide Gas Shale Resources -- 3.6 The Role of Natural Fractures -- 3.7 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 4 Overview of Drilling and Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation Techniques for Tight Oil and Gas Shale Formations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Overview of the Exploration-Production Life Cycle -- 4.1.2 Phases of Activity -- 4.2 Phase 1: Prospect Generation for Unconventional Oil and Gas Targets -- 4.2.1 Unconventional Resource Prospecting -- 4.2.2 Geologic and Reservoir Study -- 4.2.3 Evaluation of Areal Extent -- 4.2.4 Site-Specific Technical Details -- 4.2.5 Geochemistry and Basin History -- 4.2.6 Unconventional Resource Issues -- 4.2.7 Estimating Oil and Gas -- 4.2.8 Original Oil in Place (OOIP) -- 4.2.9 Original Gas in Place (OGIP) -- 4.2.10 Risk Factors -- 4.2.11 Geochemistry Studies -- 4.2.12 Geophysical Data Acquisition -- 4.2.12.1 Types of Geophysical Surveys -- 4.3 Phase 2: Planning Phase -- 4.3.1 Leases -- 4.3.2 Drilling Permit Process and Public Participation -- 4.3.3 Drilling Pad Construction -- 4.4 Phase 3: Drilling -- 4.4.1 Drilling Rig -- 4.4.2 Circulation System -- 4.4.3 Logging Equipment -- 4.4.3.1 Mud Logging -- 4.4.3.2 Wire Line Logging -- 4.4.3.3 Logging While Drilling -- 4.4.4 Fluid Management System.
4.4.5 Drill String -- 4.4.6 Casing System -- 4.4.7 Cementing System -- 4.5 Brief Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing -- 4.6 Operators and Contractors -- 4.7 Phase 4: Completion -- 4.8 Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing Process -- 4.8.1 Technology Improvements -- 4.9 Single-Stage Treatment -- 4.9.1 Four-Phase Treatment -- 4.9.1.1 Treatment Phase 1: Acid Injection -- 4.9.1.2 Treatment Phase 2: Slickwater Injection -- 4.9.1.3 Treatment Phase 3: Proppant Sequence Injection -- 4.9.1.4 Treatment Phase 4: Flushing Phase -- 4.10 Fluid Recovery and Waste Management -- 4.10.1 Flowback Fluids -- 4.11 Oil and Gas Production -- 4.11.1 Residual Oil Zones: Unconventional Target -- 4.11.2 Coproduced Water -- 4.12 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) -- 4.12.1 Transportation Challenges -- 4.12.2 Lithium Source -- 4.12.3 Oil and Gas Production Limits -- 4.13 Workshop #1: Gas Well Economic Limit -- 4.14 Workshop #2: Oil Well Economics -- 4.15 Well Destruction -- 4.15.1 Site Restoration -- 4.16 Summary -- 4.17 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 5 Overview of Impacts from Tight Oil and Shale Gas Resource Development -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Precautionary Principle -- 5.2 Potential Impacts and Risks of Spills -- 5.3 Significance of Impacts -- 5.4 Overview of the Five Main Resource Categories -- 5.4.1 Air Resources -- 5.4.2 Geological and Soil Resources -- 5.4.3 Ecological Resources -- 5.4.4 Land Use Resources and Socioeconomics -- 5.4.5 Water Resources -- 5.5 Primary Wastes Generated -- 5.6 Site-specific Impact Analysis -- 5.6.1 Impacts from Phase 1: Prospect Generation -- 5.6.1.1 Geochemical Sampling -- 5.6.1.2 Geophysical Surveys -- 5.6.2 Impacts from Phase 2: Planning and Site Preparation -- 5.6.3 Impacts from Phase 3: Drilling -- 5.6.3.1 Blowouts -- 5.6.3.2 Well Control -- 5.6.3.3 Fracking-Related Surface Blowouts.
5.6.3.4 Underground Blowouts -- 5.6.4 Impacts from Produced Fluids and Gases at Oil and Gas Fields -- 5.6.4.1 Constituents of Environmental Concern -- 5.6.5 Impacts from Natural Gas -- 5.6.6 Impacts from Crude Oil -- 5.6.7 Impacts from Phase 4: Well Completion and Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation -- 5.6.8 Impacts from Phase 5: Fluid Recovery and Waste Management -- 5.6.9 Impacts from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMS) -- 5.6.10 Impacts from Other Miscellaneous Hazardous Compounds -- 5.6.11 Impacts from Phase 6: Oil and Gas Production -- 5.6.12 Impacts from Drilling Fluids and Production Wastes -- 5.6.13 Impacts from Specific Oil and Gas Field Locations -- 5.6.14 Impacts from Historic and Abandoned Oil, Gas, and Water Wells -- 5.6.15 Impacts from Transportation Activities -- 5.6.16 Impacts from Phase 7: Well Decommissioning and Site Restoration -- 5.7 Summary of Resources and Issues -- 5.8 Summary -- 5.9 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 6 Surface and Groundwater Risks, Resource Quality Management, and Impacts -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle -- 6.2.1 Water Acquisition -- 6.2.2 Chemical Mixing -- 6.2.3 Well Injection -- 6.2.4 Produced Water Handling -- 6.2.5 Wastewater Disposal and Reuse -- 6.3 Potential Impacts on Drinking Water Resources -- 6.3.1 Vertical Distance Between Drinking Water Resources and Hydraulic Fracturing -- 6.4 Public Water System (PWS) Sources -- 6.4.1 Vertical Distance Between PWS Sources and Hydraulic Fracturing Activities -- 6.4.2 Lateral Distance Between PWS Sources and Hydraulic Fracturing Activities -- 6.5 Underground Injection Control -- 6.5.1 The Underground Injection Control Program -- 6.5.2 Water Quality and Aquifer Exemptions -- 6.5.2.1 Abandoned Wells -- 6.6 Case Histories -- 6.7 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 7 Induced Seismicity.
7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Measuring Earthquake Severity -- 7.2.1 Seismic Intensity and Magnitude -- 7.2.2 Measuring the Size of an Earthquake -- 7.3 Anthropogenic-Induced Earthquakes -- 7.4 Mechanics of Anthropogenic-Induced Earthquakes -- 7.5 Induced Microseismicity and Microseismic Monitoring -- 7.6 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 8 Air Quality Resources and Mitigation Measures -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Unconventional Resource Extraction and Air Quality -- 8.3 Sources of Air Emissions -- 8.3.1 Flares -- 8.3.2 Fugitive Emissions -- 8.3.3 Air Quality and Frac Sands -- 8.4 Worker Safety -- 8.4.1 Worker Exposure -- 8.4.2 Construction Particulates -- 8.4.3 Silica Dust -- 8.4.4 Silica Dust Levels -- 8.4.4.1 Silica Dust Mitigation Measures -- 8.4.4.2 Protecting Workers from Silica Dust -- 8.4.4.3 Protecting the Public from Silica Dust -- 8.4.5 Diesel Exhaust and Diesel Particulate Matter -- 8.4.5.1 Controlling Diesel Particulate Matter -- 8.4.6 Hydrogen Sulfide Gas -- 8.4.7 Aldehyde Exposure -- 8.4.8 Volatile Organic Compounds -- 8.4.9 Toxic Fungus -- 8.4.10 Radon -- 8.5 Gas Leaks and Vapor Sampling -- 8.6 Biogenic and Thermogenic Hydrocarbon Gases -- 8.7 Gas Leaks -- 8.7.1 Coalbed Methane -- 8.7.2 Gas Explosions -- 8.7.3 Processed Natural Gas -- 8.7.4 Vapors and Odor Sensitivity -- 8.8 Soil Vapor Intrusion Overview -- 8.8.1 Environmental Factors Description -- 8.8.2 Natural Factors Affecting Gas Migration into Buildings -- 8.8.2.1 Soil Conditions -- 8.8.2.2 Volatile Chemical Concentrations -- 8.8.2.3 Source Location -- 8.8.2.4 Groundwater Conditions -- 8.8.2.5 Surface Confining Layer -- 8.8.2.6 Fractures -- 8.8.2.7 Underground Conduits -- 8.8.2.8 Weather Conditions -- 8.8.2.9 Biodegradation Processes -- 8.8.3 Architectural Factors Affecting Gas Migration into Buildings -- 8.8.3.1 Building Factor -- 8.8.3.2 Heated Building.
8.8.3.3 Air Exchange Rates.
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Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Energy and the Shale Revolution -- 1.2 Cultural Influences -- 1.3 Conventional Versus Unconventional Resources -- 1.4 Well Simulation -- 1.4.1 Types of Well Stimulation Technologies -- 1.4.2 Terminology -- 1.5 Hydraulic Fracturing in the United States -- 1.6 Environmental Considerations -- 1.6.1 Environmental Stewardship -- 1.6.2 The New Energy Landscape and Environmental Challenges -- 1.7 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 2 Historical Development from Fracturing to Hydraulic Fracturing -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Explosives and Guns (1820s-1930s) -- 2.2.1 The Battle of Fredericksburg and the Roberts Petroleum Torpedo Company -- 2.2.2 Well Casing Perforators -- 2.2.3 The First Perforating Guns -- 2.2.4 Bazooka Technology -- 2.2.5 Matrix Acidizing Treatment -- 2.2.6 The Sulfur King -- 2.2.7 Modern Age of Acidizing -- 2.3 The Birth of the Petroleum Engineer (1940s-1950s) -- 2.3.1 The Hydrafrac Process -- 2.4 Going Nuclear During Peak Oil (1960s to Mid‐1970s) -- 2.4.1 Project Plowshare -- 2.4.2 Project Gasbuggy -- 2.4.3 Project Rulison and Project Rio Blanco -- 2.4.4 Project Bronco -- 2.4.5 Project Wagon Wheel -- 2.4.6 Former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Program -- 2.4.7 Other Innovations -- 2.4.8 Peak Oil -- 2.5 The Rise of the Unconventionals (Mid-1970s to Present) -- 2.5.1 Horizontal Drilling -- 2.5.2 The Carter Years and the Role of the Feds -- 2.5.3 Recent Innovations in Fluids and Additives (2000-2010) -- 2.6 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 3 Geology of Unconventional Resources -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Oil Shale Nomenclature -- 3.3 Oil Shale Classification -- 3.4 Types of Shale Formations Based on Production -- 3.4.1 Shale Gas.

3.4.2 Tight Natural Gas -- 3.4.3 Tight Oil -- 3.4.4 Coalbed Natural Gas -- 3.5 Geology of United States Shale Deposits -- 3.5.1 Green River Formation -- 3.5.2 Eastern Devonian-Mississippian Oil Shale Case Study -- 3.5.3 Specific Shale Plays -- 3.5.4 Barnett Shale -- 3.5.5 The Marcellus Shale -- 3.5.6 The Fayetteville Shale -- 3.5.7 The Haynesville Shale -- 3.5.8 The Woodford Shale -- 3.5.9 The Antrim Shale -- 3.5.10 The New Albany Shale -- 3.5.11 The Bakken Formation and Three Forks Formations -- 3.5.12 The Monterey Formation/Monterey Temblor -- 3.5.13 Geology of World Shale Deposits -- 3.5.14 Estimated Worldwide Gas Shale Resources -- 3.6 The Role of Natural Fractures -- 3.7 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 4 Overview of Drilling and Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation Techniques for Tight Oil and Gas Shale Formations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Overview of the Exploration-Production Life Cycle -- 4.1.2 Phases of Activity -- 4.2 Phase 1: Prospect Generation for Unconventional Oil and Gas Targets -- 4.2.1 Unconventional Resource Prospecting -- 4.2.2 Geologic and Reservoir Study -- 4.2.3 Evaluation of Areal Extent -- 4.2.4 Site-Specific Technical Details -- 4.2.5 Geochemistry and Basin History -- 4.2.6 Unconventional Resource Issues -- 4.2.7 Estimating Oil and Gas -- 4.2.8 Original Oil in Place (OOIP) -- 4.2.9 Original Gas in Place (OGIP) -- 4.2.10 Risk Factors -- 4.2.11 Geochemistry Studies -- 4.2.12 Geophysical Data Acquisition -- 4.2.12.1 Types of Geophysical Surveys -- 4.3 Phase 2: Planning Phase -- 4.3.1 Leases -- 4.3.2 Drilling Permit Process and Public Participation -- 4.3.3 Drilling Pad Construction -- 4.4 Phase 3: Drilling -- 4.4.1 Drilling Rig -- 4.4.2 Circulation System -- 4.4.3 Logging Equipment -- 4.4.3.1 Mud Logging -- 4.4.3.2 Wire Line Logging -- 4.4.3.3 Logging While Drilling -- 4.4.4 Fluid Management System.

4.4.5 Drill String -- 4.4.6 Casing System -- 4.4.7 Cementing System -- 4.5 Brief Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing -- 4.6 Operators and Contractors -- 4.7 Phase 4: Completion -- 4.8 Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing Process -- 4.8.1 Technology Improvements -- 4.9 Single-Stage Treatment -- 4.9.1 Four-Phase Treatment -- 4.9.1.1 Treatment Phase 1: Acid Injection -- 4.9.1.2 Treatment Phase 2: Slickwater Injection -- 4.9.1.3 Treatment Phase 3: Proppant Sequence Injection -- 4.9.1.4 Treatment Phase 4: Flushing Phase -- 4.10 Fluid Recovery and Waste Management -- 4.10.1 Flowback Fluids -- 4.11 Oil and Gas Production -- 4.11.1 Residual Oil Zones: Unconventional Target -- 4.11.2 Coproduced Water -- 4.12 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) -- 4.12.1 Transportation Challenges -- 4.12.2 Lithium Source -- 4.12.3 Oil and Gas Production Limits -- 4.13 Workshop #1: Gas Well Economic Limit -- 4.14 Workshop #2: Oil Well Economics -- 4.15 Well Destruction -- 4.15.1 Site Restoration -- 4.16 Summary -- 4.17 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 5 Overview of Impacts from Tight Oil and Shale Gas Resource Development -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Precautionary Principle -- 5.2 Potential Impacts and Risks of Spills -- 5.3 Significance of Impacts -- 5.4 Overview of the Five Main Resource Categories -- 5.4.1 Air Resources -- 5.4.2 Geological and Soil Resources -- 5.4.3 Ecological Resources -- 5.4.4 Land Use Resources and Socioeconomics -- 5.4.5 Water Resources -- 5.5 Primary Wastes Generated -- 5.6 Site-specific Impact Analysis -- 5.6.1 Impacts from Phase 1: Prospect Generation -- 5.6.1.1 Geochemical Sampling -- 5.6.1.2 Geophysical Surveys -- 5.6.2 Impacts from Phase 2: Planning and Site Preparation -- 5.6.3 Impacts from Phase 3: Drilling -- 5.6.3.1 Blowouts -- 5.6.3.2 Well Control -- 5.6.3.3 Fracking-Related Surface Blowouts.

5.6.3.4 Underground Blowouts -- 5.6.4 Impacts from Produced Fluids and Gases at Oil and Gas Fields -- 5.6.4.1 Constituents of Environmental Concern -- 5.6.5 Impacts from Natural Gas -- 5.6.6 Impacts from Crude Oil -- 5.6.7 Impacts from Phase 4: Well Completion and Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation -- 5.6.8 Impacts from Phase 5: Fluid Recovery and Waste Management -- 5.6.9 Impacts from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMS) -- 5.6.10 Impacts from Other Miscellaneous Hazardous Compounds -- 5.6.11 Impacts from Phase 6: Oil and Gas Production -- 5.6.12 Impacts from Drilling Fluids and Production Wastes -- 5.6.13 Impacts from Specific Oil and Gas Field Locations -- 5.6.14 Impacts from Historic and Abandoned Oil, Gas, and Water Wells -- 5.6.15 Impacts from Transportation Activities -- 5.6.16 Impacts from Phase 7: Well Decommissioning and Site Restoration -- 5.7 Summary of Resources and Issues -- 5.8 Summary -- 5.9 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 6 Surface and Groundwater Risks, Resource Quality Management, and Impacts -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle -- 6.2.1 Water Acquisition -- 6.2.2 Chemical Mixing -- 6.2.3 Well Injection -- 6.2.4 Produced Water Handling -- 6.2.5 Wastewater Disposal and Reuse -- 6.3 Potential Impacts on Drinking Water Resources -- 6.3.1 Vertical Distance Between Drinking Water Resources and Hydraulic Fracturing -- 6.4 Public Water System (PWS) Sources -- 6.4.1 Vertical Distance Between PWS Sources and Hydraulic Fracturing Activities -- 6.4.2 Lateral Distance Between PWS Sources and Hydraulic Fracturing Activities -- 6.5 Underground Injection Control -- 6.5.1 The Underground Injection Control Program -- 6.5.2 Water Quality and Aquifer Exemptions -- 6.5.2.1 Abandoned Wells -- 6.6 Case Histories -- 6.7 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 7 Induced Seismicity.

7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Measuring Earthquake Severity -- 7.2.1 Seismic Intensity and Magnitude -- 7.2.2 Measuring the Size of an Earthquake -- 7.3 Anthropogenic-Induced Earthquakes -- 7.4 Mechanics of Anthropogenic-Induced Earthquakes -- 7.5 Induced Microseismicity and Microseismic Monitoring -- 7.6 Exercises -- References -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter 8 Air Quality Resources and Mitigation Measures -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Unconventional Resource Extraction and Air Quality -- 8.3 Sources of Air Emissions -- 8.3.1 Flares -- 8.3.2 Fugitive Emissions -- 8.3.3 Air Quality and Frac Sands -- 8.4 Worker Safety -- 8.4.1 Worker Exposure -- 8.4.2 Construction Particulates -- 8.4.3 Silica Dust -- 8.4.4 Silica Dust Levels -- 8.4.4.1 Silica Dust Mitigation Measures -- 8.4.4.2 Protecting Workers from Silica Dust -- 8.4.4.3 Protecting the Public from Silica Dust -- 8.4.5 Diesel Exhaust and Diesel Particulate Matter -- 8.4.5.1 Controlling Diesel Particulate Matter -- 8.4.6 Hydrogen Sulfide Gas -- 8.4.7 Aldehyde Exposure -- 8.4.8 Volatile Organic Compounds -- 8.4.9 Toxic Fungus -- 8.4.10 Radon -- 8.5 Gas Leaks and Vapor Sampling -- 8.6 Biogenic and Thermogenic Hydrocarbon Gases -- 8.7 Gas Leaks -- 8.7.1 Coalbed Methane -- 8.7.2 Gas Explosions -- 8.7.3 Processed Natural Gas -- 8.7.4 Vapors and Odor Sensitivity -- 8.8 Soil Vapor Intrusion Overview -- 8.8.1 Environmental Factors Description -- 8.8.2 Natural Factors Affecting Gas Migration into Buildings -- 8.8.2.1 Soil Conditions -- 8.8.2.2 Volatile Chemical Concentrations -- 8.8.2.3 Source Location -- 8.8.2.4 Groundwater Conditions -- 8.8.2.5 Surface Confining Layer -- 8.8.2.6 Fractures -- 8.8.2.7 Underground Conduits -- 8.8.2.8 Weather Conditions -- 8.8.2.9 Biodegradation Processes -- 8.8.3 Architectural Factors Affecting Gas Migration into Buildings -- 8.8.3.1 Building Factor -- 8.8.3.2 Heated Building.

8.8.3.3 Air Exchange Rates.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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