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Environmental Flow Assessment : Methods and Applications.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextSeries: Advancing River Restoration and Management SeriesPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2019Copyright date: ©2019Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (239 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781119217398
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Environmental Flow AssessmentDDC classification:
  • 551.483
LOC classification:
  • GB1201.7 .W555 2019
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the authors -- Series foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 An introduction to environmental flows -- Summary -- 1.1 What are environmental flows? -- 1.2 Why EFA is so hard -- scientific issues -- 1.2.1 Stream ecosystems are dynamic and open -- 1.2.2 Fish evolve -- 1.2.3 Streams adjust -- 1.2.4 Climate changes -- 1.2.5 Populations vary -- 1.2.6 Habitat selection is conditional -- 1.2.7 Spatial and temporal scales matter -- 1.3 Why EFA is so hard: social issues -- 1.3.1 Social objectives evolve -- 1.3.2 Science and dispute resolution -- 1.3.3 Water is valuable -- 1.3.4 Managers or clients often want the impossible -- 1.4 Why EFA is so hard: problems with the literature -- 1.5 Why EFA is so hard: limitations of models and objective methods -- 1.5.1 Models and environmental flow assessment -- 1.5.2 Objective and subjective methods -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Chapter 2 A brief history of environmental flow assessments -- Summary -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The legal basis for environmental flows -- 2.3 The scope of environmental flow assessments -- 2.4 Methods for quantifying environmental flows -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Note -- Chapter 3 A primer on flow in rivers and streams -- Summary -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Precipitation and runoff -- 3.3 Flow regimes -- 3.3.1 Describing or depicting flow regimes -- 3.3.2 Variation in flow regimes across climates and regions -- 3.3.3 Anthropogenic changes in flow regimes -- 3.3.4 Hydrologic classifications -- 3.4 Spatial patterns and variability within streams -- 3.4.1 Spatial complexity of flow within stream channels -- 3.4.2 The variety of channel forms -- 3.4.3 Lateral connectivity with floodplain and off‐channel water bodies -- 3.4.4 Bed topography and hyporheic exchange -- 3.5 Managing environmental flows -- 3.6 Conclusions.
Chapter 4 Life in and around streams -- Summary -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Structure of stream ecosystems -- 4.2.1 Across-channel gradients -- 4.2.2 Upstream-downstream gradient -- 4.3 Adaptations of stream organisms -- 4.3.1 Morphological adaptations -- 4.3.2 Physiological adaptations -- 4.3.3 Behavioral adaptations -- 4.4 Adapting to extreme flows -- 4.5 Synthesis -- 4.6 Environmental flows and fish assemblages -- 4.7 Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Tools for environmental flow assessment -- Summary -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Descriptive tools -- 5.2.1 Graphical tools and images -- 5.2.2 Stream classifications -- 5.2.3 Habitat classifications -- 5.2.4 Species classifications -- 5.2.5 Methods classifications -- 5.3 Literature reviews -- 5.4 Experiments -- 5.4.1 Flow experiments -- 5.4.2 Laboratory experiments -- 5.4.3 Thought experiments -- 5.5 Long-term monitoring -- 5.6 Professional opinion -- 5.7 Causal criteria -- 5.8 Statistics -- 5.8.1 Sampling -- 5.8.2 Sampling methods -- 5.8.3 Hypothesis testing -- 5.8.4 Model selection and averaging -- 5.8.5 Resampling algorithms -- 5.9 Modeling -- 5.9.1 Abundance-environment relations -- 5.9.2 Habitat association models -- 5.9.3 Drift-foraging models -- 5.9.4 Capability models -- 5.9.5 Bayesian networks -- 5.9.6 Hierarchical Bayesian models -- 5.9.7 Dynamic occupancy models -- 5.9.8 State-dependent life-history models and dynamic energy budget models -- 5.9.9 Hydraulic models -- 5.9.10 Hydrological models -- 5.9.11 Temperature models -- 5.9.12 Sediment transport models -- 5.9.13 Other uses of models in EFA -- 5.10 Hydraulic habitat indices -- 5.11 Hydrological indices -- 5.12 Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Environmental flow methods -- Summary -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Hydrologic, habitat rating, habitat simulation, and holistic methods -- 6.1.2 Top-down and bottom-up approaches.
6.1.3 Sample-based methods and whole-system methods -- 6.1.4 Standard-setting and incremental approaches -- 6.1.5 Micro-, meso-, and river-scale methods -- 6.1.6 Opinion-based and model-based methods -- 6.2 Hydrological methods -- 6.2.1 The tennant method and its relatives -- 6.2.2 Indicators of hydraulic alteration (IHA) -- 6.3 Hydraulic rating methods -- 6.4 Habitat simulation methods -- 6.4.1 Habitat association models -- 6.4.2 Bioenergetic or drift-foraging models -- 6.5 Frameworks for EFA -- 6.5.1 Instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) -- 6.5.2 Downstream response to imposed flow transformation (DRIFT) -- 6.5.3 Ecological limits of hydraulic alteration (ELOHA) -- 6.5.4 Adaptive management -- 6.5.5 Evidence-based EFA -- 6.6 Conclusions -- Chapter 7 Good modeling practice for EFA -- Summary -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Modeling practice -- 7.2.1 What are the purposes of the modeling? -- 7.2.2 How should you think about the natural system being assessed? -- 7.2.3 What data are or will be available, and how good are they? -- 7.2.4 How will the available budget be distributed over modeling efforts, or between modeling and data collection,or between the assessment and subsequent monitoring? -- 7.2.5 How will the uncertainty in the results of the modeling be estimated and communicated? -- 7.2.6 How will the model and model development be documented? -- 7.2.7 How will the models be tested? -- 7.2.8 How good is good enough to be useful? -- 7.2.9 Who will use the results of the modeling, and how will they be used? -- 7.2.10 Do you really need a model? -- 7.3 Behavioral issues in modeling for EFA -- 7.4 Data-dependent activities in developing estimation models -- 7.5 Sampling -- 7.5.1 General considerations -- 7.5.2 Spatial scale issues in sampling -- 7.5.3 Cleaning data sets -- 7.6 On testing models -- 7.6.1 The purpose of testing models.
7.6.2 Why testing models can be hard -- 7.6.3 The problem with validation -- 7.6.4 The limited utility of significance tests -- 7.6.5 Tests should depend on thenature of the method being applied -- 7.6.6 Models should be tested multiple ways -- 7.6.7 The importance of plausibility -- 7.6.8 The importance of testing models with independent data -- 7.6.9 The quality of the data limits the quality of the tests -- 7.6.10 The importance of replication -- 7.6.11 Models should be tested against other models -- 7.7 Experimental tests -- 7.7.1 Flow experiments -- 7.7.2 Behavioral carrying-capacity tests -- 7.7.3 Virtual ecosystem experiments -- 7.8 Testing models with knowledge -- 7.9 Testing hydraulic models -- 7.10 Testing EFMs based on professional judgement -- 7.11 Testing species distribution models -- 7.11.1 Goodness of fit -- 7.11.2 Prevalence -- 7.11.3 Imperfect detection -- 7.11.4 Spatial scale and other complications -- 7.12 Conclusions -- Note -- Chapter 8 Dams and channel morphology -- Summary -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Diagnosing the problem and setting objectives -- 8.3 Managing sediment load -- 8.3.1 Existing dams -- 8.3.2 Proposed dams -- 8.3.3 Obsolete dams -- 8.4 Specifying morphogenic flows -- 8.4.1 Three common approaches to specifying morphogenic flows -- 8.4.2 Clear objectives needed -- 8.4.3 Magnitude -- 8.4.4 Duration -- 8.4.5 The hydrograph -- 8.4.6 Seasonality -- 8.4.7 Recurrence -- 8.5 Flows for managing vegetation in channels -- 8.6 Constraints -- 8.6.1 Minimizing cost of foregone power production and other uses of water -- 8.6.2 Preserving spawning gravels -- 8.6.3 Preventing flooding and bank erosion -- 8.7 Conclusions -- Chapter 9 Improving the use of existing evidence and expert opinion in environmental flow assessments -- Summary -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Overview of proposed method.
9.3 Basic principles and background to steps -- 9.3.1 Literature as a basis of an evidence‐based conceptual model -- 9.3.2 Translate the conceptual model into the structure of a Bayesian belief network -- 9.3.3 Quantify causal relationships in the BBN using formal expert elicitation -- 9.3.4 Update causal relationships using empirical data -- 9.4 Case study: golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the regulated Goulburn River, southeastern Australia -- 9.4.1 Evidence-based conceptual model of golden perch responses to flow variation -- 9.4.2 Bayesian belief network structure of the golden perch model -- 9.4.3 Expert-based quantification of effects of flow and non‐flow drivers on golden perch -- 9.4.4 Inclusion of monitoring data to update the golden perch BBN -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.5.1 Improved use of knowledge from the literature -- 9.5.2 Improving the basis of Bayesian networks for environmental flows -- 9.5.3 Hierarchical Bayesian methods as best practice -- 9.5.4 Piggy-backing on existing knowledge -- 9.5.5 Resourcing improved practice -- 9.5.6 Accessibility of methods -- 9.6 Summary -- Chapter 10 Summary conclusions and recommendations -- 10.1 Conclusions and recommendations -- 10.1.1 Confront uncertainty and manage adaptively -- 10.1.2 Methods for EFA -- 10.1.3 Recommendations on monitoring -- 10.1.4 Recommendations for assessments -- 10.2 A checklist for EFA -- Literature cited -- Index -- EULA.
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Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the authors -- Series foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 An introduction to environmental flows -- Summary -- 1.1 What are environmental flows? -- 1.2 Why EFA is so hard -- scientific issues -- 1.2.1 Stream ecosystems are dynamic and open -- 1.2.2 Fish evolve -- 1.2.3 Streams adjust -- 1.2.4 Climate changes -- 1.2.5 Populations vary -- 1.2.6 Habitat selection is conditional -- 1.2.7 Spatial and temporal scales matter -- 1.3 Why EFA is so hard: social issues -- 1.3.1 Social objectives evolve -- 1.3.2 Science and dispute resolution -- 1.3.3 Water is valuable -- 1.3.4 Managers or clients often want the impossible -- 1.4 Why EFA is so hard: problems with the literature -- 1.5 Why EFA is so hard: limitations of models and objective methods -- 1.5.1 Models and environmental flow assessment -- 1.5.2 Objective and subjective methods -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Chapter 2 A brief history of environmental flow assessments -- Summary -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The legal basis for environmental flows -- 2.3 The scope of environmental flow assessments -- 2.4 Methods for quantifying environmental flows -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Note -- Chapter 3 A primer on flow in rivers and streams -- Summary -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Precipitation and runoff -- 3.3 Flow regimes -- 3.3.1 Describing or depicting flow regimes -- 3.3.2 Variation in flow regimes across climates and regions -- 3.3.3 Anthropogenic changes in flow regimes -- 3.3.4 Hydrologic classifications -- 3.4 Spatial patterns and variability within streams -- 3.4.1 Spatial complexity of flow within stream channels -- 3.4.2 The variety of channel forms -- 3.4.3 Lateral connectivity with floodplain and off‐channel water bodies -- 3.4.4 Bed topography and hyporheic exchange -- 3.5 Managing environmental flows -- 3.6 Conclusions.

Chapter 4 Life in and around streams -- Summary -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Structure of stream ecosystems -- 4.2.1 Across-channel gradients -- 4.2.2 Upstream-downstream gradient -- 4.3 Adaptations of stream organisms -- 4.3.1 Morphological adaptations -- 4.3.2 Physiological adaptations -- 4.3.3 Behavioral adaptations -- 4.4 Adapting to extreme flows -- 4.5 Synthesis -- 4.6 Environmental flows and fish assemblages -- 4.7 Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Tools for environmental flow assessment -- Summary -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Descriptive tools -- 5.2.1 Graphical tools and images -- 5.2.2 Stream classifications -- 5.2.3 Habitat classifications -- 5.2.4 Species classifications -- 5.2.5 Methods classifications -- 5.3 Literature reviews -- 5.4 Experiments -- 5.4.1 Flow experiments -- 5.4.2 Laboratory experiments -- 5.4.3 Thought experiments -- 5.5 Long-term monitoring -- 5.6 Professional opinion -- 5.7 Causal criteria -- 5.8 Statistics -- 5.8.1 Sampling -- 5.8.2 Sampling methods -- 5.8.3 Hypothesis testing -- 5.8.4 Model selection and averaging -- 5.8.5 Resampling algorithms -- 5.9 Modeling -- 5.9.1 Abundance-environment relations -- 5.9.2 Habitat association models -- 5.9.3 Drift-foraging models -- 5.9.4 Capability models -- 5.9.5 Bayesian networks -- 5.9.6 Hierarchical Bayesian models -- 5.9.7 Dynamic occupancy models -- 5.9.8 State-dependent life-history models and dynamic energy budget models -- 5.9.9 Hydraulic models -- 5.9.10 Hydrological models -- 5.9.11 Temperature models -- 5.9.12 Sediment transport models -- 5.9.13 Other uses of models in EFA -- 5.10 Hydraulic habitat indices -- 5.11 Hydrological indices -- 5.12 Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Environmental flow methods -- Summary -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Hydrologic, habitat rating, habitat simulation, and holistic methods -- 6.1.2 Top-down and bottom-up approaches.

6.1.3 Sample-based methods and whole-system methods -- 6.1.4 Standard-setting and incremental approaches -- 6.1.5 Micro-, meso-, and river-scale methods -- 6.1.6 Opinion-based and model-based methods -- 6.2 Hydrological methods -- 6.2.1 The tennant method and its relatives -- 6.2.2 Indicators of hydraulic alteration (IHA) -- 6.3 Hydraulic rating methods -- 6.4 Habitat simulation methods -- 6.4.1 Habitat association models -- 6.4.2 Bioenergetic or drift-foraging models -- 6.5 Frameworks for EFA -- 6.5.1 Instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) -- 6.5.2 Downstream response to imposed flow transformation (DRIFT) -- 6.5.3 Ecological limits of hydraulic alteration (ELOHA) -- 6.5.4 Adaptive management -- 6.5.5 Evidence-based EFA -- 6.6 Conclusions -- Chapter 7 Good modeling practice for EFA -- Summary -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Modeling practice -- 7.2.1 What are the purposes of the modeling? -- 7.2.2 How should you think about the natural system being assessed? -- 7.2.3 What data are or will be available, and how good are they? -- 7.2.4 How will the available budget be distributed over modeling efforts, or between modeling and data collection,or between the assessment and subsequent monitoring? -- 7.2.5 How will the uncertainty in the results of the modeling be estimated and communicated? -- 7.2.6 How will the model and model development be documented? -- 7.2.7 How will the models be tested? -- 7.2.8 How good is good enough to be useful? -- 7.2.9 Who will use the results of the modeling, and how will they be used? -- 7.2.10 Do you really need a model? -- 7.3 Behavioral issues in modeling for EFA -- 7.4 Data-dependent activities in developing estimation models -- 7.5 Sampling -- 7.5.1 General considerations -- 7.5.2 Spatial scale issues in sampling -- 7.5.3 Cleaning data sets -- 7.6 On testing models -- 7.6.1 The purpose of testing models.

7.6.2 Why testing models can be hard -- 7.6.3 The problem with validation -- 7.6.4 The limited utility of significance tests -- 7.6.5 Tests should depend on thenature of the method being applied -- 7.6.6 Models should be tested multiple ways -- 7.6.7 The importance of plausibility -- 7.6.8 The importance of testing models with independent data -- 7.6.9 The quality of the data limits the quality of the tests -- 7.6.10 The importance of replication -- 7.6.11 Models should be tested against other models -- 7.7 Experimental tests -- 7.7.1 Flow experiments -- 7.7.2 Behavioral carrying-capacity tests -- 7.7.3 Virtual ecosystem experiments -- 7.8 Testing models with knowledge -- 7.9 Testing hydraulic models -- 7.10 Testing EFMs based on professional judgement -- 7.11 Testing species distribution models -- 7.11.1 Goodness of fit -- 7.11.2 Prevalence -- 7.11.3 Imperfect detection -- 7.11.4 Spatial scale and other complications -- 7.12 Conclusions -- Note -- Chapter 8 Dams and channel morphology -- Summary -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Diagnosing the problem and setting objectives -- 8.3 Managing sediment load -- 8.3.1 Existing dams -- 8.3.2 Proposed dams -- 8.3.3 Obsolete dams -- 8.4 Specifying morphogenic flows -- 8.4.1 Three common approaches to specifying morphogenic flows -- 8.4.2 Clear objectives needed -- 8.4.3 Magnitude -- 8.4.4 Duration -- 8.4.5 The hydrograph -- 8.4.6 Seasonality -- 8.4.7 Recurrence -- 8.5 Flows for managing vegetation in channels -- 8.6 Constraints -- 8.6.1 Minimizing cost of foregone power production and other uses of water -- 8.6.2 Preserving spawning gravels -- 8.6.3 Preventing flooding and bank erosion -- 8.7 Conclusions -- Chapter 9 Improving the use of existing evidence and expert opinion in environmental flow assessments -- Summary -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Overview of proposed method.

9.3 Basic principles and background to steps -- 9.3.1 Literature as a basis of an evidence‐based conceptual model -- 9.3.2 Translate the conceptual model into the structure of a Bayesian belief network -- 9.3.3 Quantify causal relationships in the BBN using formal expert elicitation -- 9.3.4 Update causal relationships using empirical data -- 9.4 Case study: golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the regulated Goulburn River, southeastern Australia -- 9.4.1 Evidence-based conceptual model of golden perch responses to flow variation -- 9.4.2 Bayesian belief network structure of the golden perch model -- 9.4.3 Expert-based quantification of effects of flow and non‐flow drivers on golden perch -- 9.4.4 Inclusion of monitoring data to update the golden perch BBN -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.5.1 Improved use of knowledge from the literature -- 9.5.2 Improving the basis of Bayesian networks for environmental flows -- 9.5.3 Hierarchical Bayesian methods as best practice -- 9.5.4 Piggy-backing on existing knowledge -- 9.5.5 Resourcing improved practice -- 9.5.6 Accessibility of methods -- 9.6 Summary -- Chapter 10 Summary conclusions and recommendations -- 10.1 Conclusions and recommendations -- 10.1.1 Confront uncertainty and manage adaptively -- 10.1.2 Methods for EFA -- 10.1.3 Recommendations on monitoring -- 10.1.4 Recommendations for assessments -- 10.2 A checklist for EFA -- Literature cited -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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