History of Nanotechnology : From Prehistoric to Modern Times.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- 1 How Old is Nanotechnology? -- Preamble -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Nano-Geosystem for Abiotic Nanoparticles Formation -- 1.2.1 Nanoparticles Occuring in Mineral Composites -- 1.2.1.1 Allophane and Smectites -- 1.2.1.2 Opal -- 1.2.2 Nanoparticles From Volcanic Activities -- 1.2.3 Nanoparticles From Dust of Cosmic Sources -- 1.2.4 Nanoparticles From Desert Surfaces -- 1.3 Nano-Biosystem Consisting of Biotic Nanoparticles -- 1.3.1 Nanobe -- 1.3.2 Virus -- 1.3.3 Bacteria -- 1.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Prehistoric Evidence of Nanotechnology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Evolutionary Study and Theories -- 2.2.1 Aristotelian Theory -- 2.2.2 Einstein's General Theory of Relativity -- 2.2.3 Hubble's Hypothesis -- 2.3 Prehistoric Era -- 2.4 What Is Nanotechnology? -- 2.5 Was Nature the First to Fabricate Nanomaterials? -- 2.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 Nanotechnology in Ancient India -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Glimpses of Remnants of Nanotechnology-Based Materials Made in Ancient India -- 3.3 Advancement of Nanoscale Metallurgy in Ancient India -- 3.3.1 Damascus Sword -- 3.3.2 Iron Pillars -- 3.4 Applications of Nanometals in Ancient India -- 3.4.1 Ornaments -- 3.4.2 Paints and Coatings -- 3.5 Nanomedicine Evolved in Ancient India that Still Prevails Today -- 3.6 Carbon Nanoforms Used in Cosmetics in Ancient India that still Prevail Today -- 3.6.1 Herbal Kajal -- 3.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 4 Are Bhasma Nanomedicine of Ancient Times -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Ayurveda: An Age-Old Science That Originated in India with Dhanvantari -- 4.1.2 History of Ayurveda -- 4.2 Bhasma: An Ancient Indian Medicine Concept Also Followed by the Chinese and Egyptians -- 4.2.1 Types of Nano-Size Bhasma.

4.2.1.1 Metal Bhasma: Element Form (Toxic), Compound Form (Safe) -- 4.2.1.2 Metal Mixture/Alloy Bhasma -- 4.2.1.3 Herbo-Mineral Bhasma -- 4.2.1.4 Other Bhasma -- 4.2.2 Properties of Bhasma -- 4.2.2.1 Physical Properties -- 4.2.2.2 Chemical Properties -- 4.3 The Similarity of Bhasma Preparation to Contemporary Nanoparticle Synthesis Method -- 4.4 Various Medicinal Uses of Bhasma -- 4.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5 The Maya's Knowledge of Nanotechnology -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Maya -- 5.2.1 Yucatec Maya -- 5.2.2 Chiapas -- 5.2.3 Belize -- 5.2.4 Guatemala -- 5.3 The Maya Civilization -- 5.3.1 The Maya During the Preclassic Period -- 5.3.1.1 The Maya of the Early Preclassic Period -- 5.3.1.2 The Maya During the Middle Preclassic Period -- 5.3.1.3 The Maya During the Late Preclassic Period -- 5.3.2 The Maya During the Classic Period -- 5.4 Some Characteristic Features of the Maya -- 5.4.1 Beauty Expressions -- 5.4.2 Jade: The Green Gold of the Maya -- 5.4.3 Maya Hieroglyphics -- 5.4.4 The Maya's Eyes on the Heavens -- 5.4.5 The Maya Calendar -- 5.4.6 Maya Art -- 5.4.7 Maya Paintings -- 5.5 Maya Blue and Maya Yellow - Ancient Nanostructured Materials -- 5.5.1 Resistance to Weathering -- 5.5.2 Preparation of Maya Blue -- 5.5.3 Chemical Composition of Maya Blue -- 5.5.4 Are Maya Paintings Nano Based? -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 Did Nanotechnology Flourish During the Roman Empire and Medieval Periods? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Transition Elements of the d-Block Elements -- 6.1.1.1 Melting and Boiling Point -- 6.1.1.2 Formation of Colored Ions -- 6.2 Nanotechnology During Roman Civilization -- 6.2.1 Historical Records of Use of Luster Ceramics -- 6.2.2 Technology of Luster Decorations of Ceramics -- 6.2.3 Soluble Gold Concept and Use of Soluble Gold -- 6.2.3.1 Development of the Lycurgus Cup.

6.3 Nanotechnology During the Medieval Period of European Civilization -- 6.3.1 Medieval Metals and Glass -- 6.3.2 Use of Gold, Silver and Other Metal Nanoparticles in the Middle Ages -- 6.3.3 Purple of Cassius -- 6.3.4 Contribution of Johann Kunckel -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 European Nano Knowledge That Led to Faraday's Understanding of Gold Nanoparticles -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Reflection of Light -- 7.2 Michael Faraday's Painstaking Efforts -- 7.3 The Role of Gustav Mie and Richard Gans in Understanding Metal Nanoparticles -- 7.4 Zsigmondy's Seed-Mediated Method -- 7.5 Research that Led to the Understanding of Metal Nanoparticles Optical Properties -- 7.5.1 Surface Plasmon Resonance and Plasmonics -- 7.5.2 Quantum Confinement Effect -- 7.6 Approaches to Fabricate Nanomaterials -- 7.7 Advancements in Various Fabrication Methods of Nanoparticles -- 7.7.1 Physical Methods -- 7.7.1.1 Mechanical -- 7.7.1.2 Melt Mixing -- 7.7.1.3 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis -- 7.7.1.4 Templating -- 7.7.1.5 Electron Beam Lithography -- 7.7.1.6 Vapor Phase Synthesis -- 7.7.1.7 Gas Phase Methods -- 7.7.1.8 Thermal Decomposition and Combustion -- 7.7.1.9 Sputtering -- 7.7.1.10 Arc Discharge -- 7.7.1.11 Laser Ablation and Pulsed Laser Ablation -- 7.7.1.12 Ion Implantation -- 7.7.1.13 Synthesis of Nanoporous Polymers Using Membranes -- 7.7.2 Chemical Methods -- 7.7.2.1 Colloidal Methods -- 7.7.2.2 Conventional Sol-Gel Method -- 7.7.2.3 LB Technique -- 7.7.2.4 Microemulsion-Based Methods -- 7.7.3 Biosynthesis or Biological Methods of Synthesizing Nanoparticles -- 7.7.3.1 Nanometal Synthesis Using Microorganisms -- 7.7.3.2 Nanometal Synthesis Using Fungi and Actinomycetes -- 7.7.3.3 Nanometals Synthesis Using Plants -- 7.7.3.4 Nanometals Biosynthesis Using Algae -- 7.7.3.5 Nanometals Biosynthesis Using DNA.

7.7.3.6 Nanometals Biosynthesis Using Enzymes -- 7.7.4 Hybrid Methods -- 7.8 Concluding Observations -- References -- 8 Contemporary History of Nanotechnology -- 8.1 Introduction to the Concept of Nano after 1959 -- 8.2 Feynman's Idea: Entry of Nanotechnology in Modern Science -- 8.3 Drexler's Engines of Creation -- 8.4 Impetus Given by SEM, TEM and AFM -- 8.5 The Entry of Nano Forms of Carbon -- 8.5.1 Fullerene: The First Fabricated Carbon Nanomaterial -- 8.5.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 8.5.3 Graphene -- 8.6 Advancements in Various Fabrication Methods -- 8.7 Immeasurable Applications of Nanotechnology in All Fields of Science -- 8.7.1 Electronics -- 8.7.2 Energy -- 8.7.3 The Environment -- 8.7.4 Automobiles -- 8.7.5 Agriculture and Food -- 8.7.6 Industries -- 8.7.7 Textiles -- 8.7.8 Cosmetics -- 8.7.9 Domestic Appliances -- 8.7.10 Space and Defense -- 8.7.11 Therapeutics and Diagnostics -- 8.7.11.1 Early Detection of Cancer -- 8.7.11.2 Bioimaging and Biological Labeling -- 8.7.11.3 Targeted Drug Delivery -- 8.7.11.4 Photothermal Therapy -- 8.7.11.5 Tissue Engineering and Better Body Implants -- 8.7.11.6 Nanotechnology-Based Biochips and Microarrays -- 8.7.11.7 Nanotechnology-Based Cytogenetics -- 8.7.11.8 Nanotechnology for Protein Detection -- 8.7.11.9 Nanoparticles for Tracking Stem Cells -- 8.7.11.10 Nanonephrology: A New Attempt at Tackling Renal Disease -- 8.7.11.11 Nano Intervention for Neurodegenerative Diseases -- 8.7.11.12 Possibility of Medical Application of Molecular Nanotechnology -- 8.7.11.13 Nanorobots and Theranostics -- 8.7.11.14 Nanomachines for Cell Repairs -- 8.8 Important Milestones of Nanotechnology -- 8.9 Summary -- References -- Index -- EULA.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.