Experimental Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- SECTION : I-Experimental Endocrinology -- 1. Melatonin: New Aspects of its Protective Actions and Novel Metabolites -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- TISSUE MELATONIN -- INDIRECT ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF MELATONIN, AN EXTENDED FIELD -- MITOCHONDRIAL EFFECTS -- NEW METABOLITES FROM INTERACTIONS OF AMK AND REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 2. Gastointestinal Melatonin-30 Years of Research -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Localization of GIT Melatonin -- Is GIT Melatonin Synthesized in the Digestive Tract or is it of Pineal Origin? -- Comparison between Gastrointestinal and Pineal Gland Melatonin -- Melatonin Binding and its Physiological Functions -- Melatonin, Food Intake and Digestion -- Melatonin in Digestive Glands and the Hepatobiliary System -- Clinical Relevance of Melatonin in the Tubular GIT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 3. Studies on the Sympathetic Nervous Regulation of Innate Immunity -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AS REGULATOR OF DC FUNCTIONS -- Effect of NE on Migration and Antigen Presenting Ability of DCs -- Discrete Adrenergic Influence on TLR-dependent DCs Activation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 4. Regulation and Synthesis of Maturation Inducing Hormone in Fishes -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- REGULATION OF GONADAL MATURATION -- MATURATION INDUCING STEROIDS (MIS) -- STEROID LEVELS IN THE BLOOD -- Vitellogenic Phase -- Post-vitellogenic Phase -- IN VITRO STUDIES -- STEROID SYNTHESIS -- MIS RECEPTORS -- MATURATION INDUCTION IN MALES -- MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MATURATION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 5. Melatonin Inhibition of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone-induced Calcium Signaling and Hormone Secretion in Neonatal Pituitary Gonadotrophs -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- GnRH SIGNALING.

GnRH-induced Calcium Oscillations -- GnRH-induced Current and Voltage Oscillations -- Critical Features of Intracellular GnRH Signaling in Neonatal Gonadotrophs -- MELATONIN RECEPTORS -- Localization of Melatonin Receptors in Reproductive Neuroendocrine Axis -- Melatonin Receptor Subtypes -- Signaling Pathways -- Ligand Binding to Melatonin Receptors -- Melatonin Interaction with GnRH in Neonatal Pituitary Gonadotrophs -- DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN ANTERIOR PITUITARY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SECTION : II-Reproductive Biology and Clinical Endocrinology -- 1. Roles of Melatonin in Photoperiodic Gonadal Response of Birds -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Photoperiodic Responses -- Control of Melatonin Secretion -- Roles of Melatonin in Photoperiodic Responses -- Melatonin and Photoperiodic Gonadal Response in Birds -- Target Site of Melatonin in Photoperiodic Gonadal Response -- Deep Brain Photoreceptor Cell and Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Storage of Photoperiodic Information in Circadian System -- Photoperiodic Time Measurement and Mediobasal Hypothalamus -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 2. The Role of Prenatal Androgen Excess on the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Pathophysiology of PCOS -- Developmental Origin Hypothesis of PCOS -- Experimental Studies -- Clinical Observations -- Genetic Studies -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 3. Effecs of Antidiabetic Drugs on Reproductive System, Life Span and Tumor Development -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS AND LONGEVITY -- ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM -- EFFECTS OF ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS ON CARCINOGENESIS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4. Obesity and Male Infertility -- Abstract -- INCIDENCE OF OBESITY AND MALE INFERTILITY -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND MALE INFERTILITY -- OBESITY AND HYPOGONADISM.

a) Hyperestrogenic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism -- b) Insulin Resistance and Hypogonadism -- c) Sleep Apnea and Hypogonadism -- OBESITY AND ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION -- GENETIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND INFERTILITY -- a. Prader Willi Syndrome -- b. Laurence-Moon and Bardet-Biedel Syndromes -- c. Klinfelter Syndrome -- EVALUATION OF THE OBESE INFERTILE PATIENT -- Therapeutic Interventions -- a. Weight Loss and Exercise -- b. Aromatase Inhibitors -- c. Testosterone Therapy -- d. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor -- e. Artificial Reproductive Techniques -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 5. Melatonin and Induction and/or Growth of Experimental Tumors -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- INFLUENCE OF MELATONIN ON EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED ANIMAL TUMORS IN VIVO AND ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO -- Tumors of the Reproductive System -- Mammary Cancer -- Uterine and Vagina Cancer -- Ovarian Cancer -- Choriocarcinoma -- Prostatic Cancer -- Tumors of the Digestive System -- Hepatoma -- Intestinal Cancer -- Tumors of the Endocrine System -- Melanoma -- Other Tumors -- POSSIBLE REASONS FOR SOME CONTRADICTIONS IN THE RESULTS -- THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF ONCOSTATIC ACTION OF MELATONIN -- REFERENCES -- SECTION : III-Developmental Endocrinology -- 1. Melatonin and its Role in Avian Embryogensis -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Organization of the Vertebrate Circadian System -- THE PINEAL GLAND AS THE NEUROENDOCRINE TRANSDUCER -- MEL Biosynthesis and Degradation -- Phylogenesis of the Pineal Gland -- Extrapineal Sites of MEL Biosynthesis -- MEL Binding Sites -- Physiological Functions of MEL -- MEL as a Free Radical Scavenger -- AVIAN PINEAL GLAND STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- Morphology of Avian Pinealocytes -- Adrenergic Regulation of MEL Synthesis in Pinealocytes -- SPECIAL CONDITIONS OF AVIAN EMBRYOGENESIS -- MEL in the Developing Avian Embryo.

MEL Receptor Gene Expression in the Developing Avian Embryo -- AA-NAT Gene Expression in the Developing Avian Embryo -- The Role of the MEL during Avian Embryonic Development -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 2. Early Avian Development: Molecular Aspects -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF OOCYTE -- MATERNAL RNA -- BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF THE AVIAN OOCYTES -- FERTILIZATION IN BIRDS -- THREE MAIN DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES OF THE AVIAN EMBRYO -- a. Uterine Development -- b. Period of Rest -- c. Incubation Development -- IN VITRO CULTURE OF AVIAN EMBRYOS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 3. Melatonin in Anuran Development and Metamorphosis -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Origin of Circulating Melatonin -- Melatonin in the Embryo and in Larval Tissues -- Developmental and Diel Changes in Melatonin -- Influence of Melatonin on the Thyroid Gland and Metamorphosis -- Effect of Metamorphosis-inducing Hormones on Melatonin -- MELATONIN AND METAMORPHOSIS: NEW DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4. Development and Regeneration of the Vertebrate Retina: Role of Tissue Interaction and Signaling Molecules on the Retinal Fate Determination and RPE Transdifferentiation -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Overview of Eye Development -- Dorsal-Ventral Polarity of the Eye Primordium and Its Developmental Significance -- Role of Neighboring Tissues in Optic Cup Development -- 1. Tissue Interaction between the Epidermal Ectoderm and the Optic Vesicle -- 2. Tissue Interaction between the Mesenchyme and the Optic Vesicle -- Transdifferentiation of RPE into the Retinal Fate in Developing Chick Embryos: An Avian Model of Retinal Regeneration -- An Avian Mutant Model for RPE Transdifferentiation -- Amphibian Retinal Regeneration -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SECTION : IV-Endocrine Physiology.

1. Comparative Aspects of the Mammalian Pineal Gland Ultrastructure -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE PINEAL GLAND -- ULTRASTRUCTURE -- Pinealocytes -- Glial Cells -- Nerve Cells -- Nerve Fibres -- Blood Supply -- Calcareous Deposits -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 2. The Ultimobranchial Gland in Poikilotherms: Morphological and Functional Aspects -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Protochordates -- Agnatha -- Elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes) -- Osteichthyes -- Amphibia -- Reptiles -- REFERENCES -- 3. Melatonin and Immunomodulation: Involvement of the Neuro-endocrine Network -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Seasonal Challenges to Immune System -- Photoperiodic Modulation of Immune Function -- The Pineal Gland-Immune Network -- MECHANISM OF IMMUNOMODULATION BY MELATONIN -- 1. The Pineal Gland- Immune System - Opioid Network -- 2. Lymphokines as Mediators of Melatonin Action on the Immune System -- 3. Direct Melatonin Action -- a. Melatonin Receptors within Immune System -- b. Melatonin as an Antioxidant -- 4. Melatonin Action through Neuro-endocrine Network -- (a) Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis -- (b) Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) Axis -- (c) Gonadal Steroids and Immunomodulation -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Index.

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