Post-Soviet Chaos : Violence and Dispossession in Kazakhstan.

Intro -- Contents -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION -- Glossary -- 1. Introduction -- The Aims -- Chaos -- Chaotic mode of domination -- The dispossessed -- Structure of the book -- 2. People and places -- Method -- Almaty -- Kazakhstan -- 3. Bardak : Elements of chaos -- Accumulation of wealth in a few hands -- Violence -- Feelings of loss -- Conspiracy theory -- Conclusions -- 4. Networking as a response to the chaos -- Definitions -- Reciprocity and networking as strategies of survival -- Networking -- The negative effects of change on networks -- Conclusions -- 5. Women and sexualised strategies: Violence and stigma -- Finding a job -- Finding a sponsor -- Finding a husband -- Sex work -- Stigma and violence -- Conclusions -- 6. Construction of the alien: Imagining a Soviet community -- The negative construction of the Soviet identity -- Consumerism and the dispossessed -- Wild capitalism as an element of the alien -- Conclusions -- 7. Ethnic tension -- Kazakhification of the state -- The struggle for urban space and the fragmentation of Islamic identity -- Conclusions -- 8. Conclusions in a comparative perspective: Whose transition? -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- advertisements -- for jobs, 91-2 -- for prostitution, 103-4 -- for prostitution, 109 -- advertising -- see also consumerism -- 17 -- Afghanistan 11 -- Africa -- 3 -- 128 -- 187-8 -- age, to define status -- 73 -- 162 -- agriculture -- 11 -- 29 -- 183 -- AIDS 139 -- Alash Orda government [1917-22] 29 -- alcoholism -- 33 -- 50-2 -- among Russian men, 14 -- among Russian men, 15 -- among Russian men, 137 -- alien -- concept of, 18 -- concept of, 144-5 -- contrasted with Soviet, 127-9 -- contrasted with Soviet, 143 -- contrasted with Soviet, 182 -- wild capitalism as, see -- wild capitalism as, 142-3 -- wild capitalism as, 180-1 -- Almaty -- 26-8 -- 150.

classification of dispossessed in, 14-16 -- contest for control of public spaces, 159-69 -- effect of Kazakh migrants in, 158-69 -- neighbourhood, 21-6 -- neighbourhood, 22-3 -- networks, 20-1 -- new businesses in, 140-1 -- university, 20 -- university, 27 -- university, 154-5 -- use of Kazakh language in schools, 153-4 -- Almaty Energy 36 -- Angola 11 -- apartments -- contest with Kazakh migrants over, 158-9 -- privatisation of, 36-7 -- Arabs, suitcase traders and 132 -- Armenia 6 -- auls [social unit] 28-9 -- Austrians, in Kazakhstan 134-5 -- autonomy, women's struggle for -- 117-18 -- 126 -- Azamat opposition movement 195n -- Balkans 185 -- Baltic republics -- perception of, 128 -- perception of, 151 -- banks and banking system -- 11 -- 12 -- 37 -- Russia, see also credit -- Russia, 191 -- barter -- defined, 76 -- defined, 77 -- for services [help], see also reciprocal exchange -- for services [help], 70-1 -- for services [help], 75-7 -- goods for wages, 11 -- goods for wages, 66-7 -- in rural areas, 68-9 -- bazaars 28 -- Belgium 10 -- Belorussia 6 -- Belorussians, in Kazakhstan 29 -- Berezovsky, Boris -- 191 -- 192 -- 199n -- black market -- 7 -- 12 -- 35 -- 65 -- 183 -- and shortages, 79 -- Soviet, see -- Soviet, 33 -- Soviet, 65 -- blackmail 87-8 -- blat [accessing resources through personal contacts] -- see -- 77-81 -- 179 -- Bolshevik Revolution 29 -- Bonapartism -- 5 -- 193 -- Bosnia 187 -- Brezhnev, Leonid, era of -- 49-50 -- 190 -- bribes -- 7 -- 16 -- 38 -- 80 -- to police, 25 -- to state officials, 15 -- to state officials, 40-2 -- to state officials, 148 -- to state officials, 198n -- bride wealth 48 -- Canada 10 -- capital, fictitious 12 -- capitalism -- contrasted with socialism, 144 -- global, 187 -- global, 189 -- global, 190 -- rhetorics of, see also globalisation -- rhetorics of, 58-9.

rhetorics of, 177-8 -- casinos 94-5 -- celebrations -- 55 -- collective, 24-5 -- collective, 82 -- rituals of, 72 -- rituals of, 171 -- Soviet era, 54-5 -- chaos [bardak] -- and ethnic tensions, 144-5 -- and ethnic tensions, 175 -- and idealisation of Soviet era, 143 -- and role of Western intervention, 3 -- and role of Western intervention, 183-4 -- as contingency, 60 -- as form of globalisation, 176 -- as form of globalisation, 182-3 -- aspects of, 1-2 -- aspects of, 183-4 -- moral, 60 -- subjective notions of, see -- subjective notions of, 4 -- chaotic mode of domination -- 4-8 -- 175 -- 193 -- and economic reforms, 9-13 -- phases of, 6-7 -- tribalism and, 8-9 -- Chechenia, ethnic war in -- 56 -- 180 -- Chechens -- 14 -- 29 -- 46 -- 172 -- Chernomyrdin, Viktor -- 191 -- 192 -- child labour 33 -- China 10 -- Chobias, Anatoly 191 -- class -- and wealth differentiation, 85-7 -- new concepts of, 13-15 -- new concepts of, 178 -- collectivisation 29 -- Colombia 12 -- commodification -- of coercion, 193 -- of sex, 18 -- of sex, 121 -- of sex, 181 -- communications -- in networks, 17 -- reduced [in Almaty], 179 -- Communist Party -- abolition, 30 -- moral code of, 46 -- conspiracy theory -- 3 -- 16 -- 33 -- 58-60 -- 62 -- consumer culture 31-2 -- consumerism -- and the dispossessed, 139-42 -- and the dispossessed, 181-2 -- cultural resistance to, 32 -- cultural resistance to, 142 -- illegal imports, 35 -- prevalence of, 90 -- sexual element in, 121 -- consumption -- conspicuous, 12 -- conspicuous, 141-2 -- conspicuous, 182 -- Soviet type of, 140 -- Soviet type of, 142 -- contacts -- among networks, 43 -- among networks, 61 -- among networks, 89 -- and bribery, 81 -- required for jobs, 39 -- required for jobs, 90 -- contingency, balanced 60 -- cooperatives 12 -- corruption.

Gorbachev's campaign against, 30 -- in education system, 38-40 -- in education system, 199n -- in government ministries, 38 -- in trade, see also bribes -- in trade, 40-3 -- Russia, 190 -- costs -- effect of privatisation on, 36-7 -- household expenditure, 67 -- credit -- 26 -- manipulation of, see also banks and banking -- manipulation of, 16 -- manipulation of, 37-8 -- manipulation of, 80 -- Croatia 186-7 -- cultural assets, reciprocal exchange of 63-4 -- cultural events, access to [under Soviet Union] -- 57 -- 142 -- cultural openness -- 31 -- 183 -- cultural resistance, to consumerism 32 -- cultural traditions -- ethnic revival, 47-8 -- ethnic revival, 170-1 -- Kazakhs, 83 -- Kazakhs, 170 -- Russians, 83 -- currency, depreciation of -- 37-8 -- 61 -- 79-80 -- customs officers 42 -- cynicism -- 7 -- 81 -- 87 -- dacha allotments -- 17 -- 80 -- 179 -- debts, developing countries 184 -- deindustrialisation -- 6 -- 11 -- 178 -- demographic changes -- 147 -- birth rates, 82 -- birth rates, 148 -- increased mortality, 31 -- Russia, see also emigration -- Russia, 189 -- despair -- see also suicide -- 56 -- developing countries, debts 184 -- dictatorship 5 -- discrimination -- against non-Kazakhs, 43 -- against non-Kazakhs, 147-8 -- by Kazakhs, 84 -- dispossessed, the -- and consumerism, 139-42 -- and consumerism, 181-2 -- and Kazakh identity, 152-3 -- catagorisation of, 13-16 -- demonisation of foreigners, 130 -- ethnic differentiation of, 14-15 -- perception of privatisation, 34-5 -- response to globalisation, 180 -- self-labelling, 33-4 -- view of Soviet era, 127 -- view of Soviet era, 176 -- women as, see also -- women as, 181 -- dispossession -- 1-2 -- 195n -- perception of, 15-16 -- divorce -- 52 -- 124 -- dollars, US -- 37-8 -- 197n -- doors, steel -- 24 -- 25 -- 46 -- Eastern Central Europe 184.

economic security -- as motive for prostitution, 107-10 -- loss of, 55 -- economy -- collapse of rural, 31 -- criminal, 183 -- criminal, 184 -- crisis [ 3 -- crisis [ 27 -- export, 11 -- export, 183 -- reforms, 9-13 -- reforms, 65-6 -- reforms, 79 -- reforms, 183 -- reforms, 184 -- Soviet legacy, 183-4 -- egalitarianism, loss of 56-8 -- elites -- and rhetorics of capitalism, 58-9 -- and rhetorics of capitalism, 177-8 -- in Sub-Saharan Africa, see also hegemony -- in Sub-Saharan Africa, 187-8 -- old Kazakh, 29 -- old Kazakh, 152 -- old Soviet, 57 -- old Soviet, 59-60 -- old Soviet, 177-8 -- old Soviet, 183 -- perception of, 144-5 -- Russian, 191 -- Russian, 192 -- Russian, 199n -- emigration -- 23 -- 24 -- 30 -- of non-Kazakhs, 23 -- of non-Kazakhs, 24 -- of non-Kazakhs, 87 -- employment -- contacts required for, 39 -- contacts required for, 90 -- for women, 90-1 -- sexual services for, 17 -- sexual services for, 90-6 -- entertainment -- 53 -- 94-5 -- cultural, 83 -- jobs for young women in, 91 -- jobs for young women in, 121 -- mafia protection of, 168 -- places of, 28 -- places of, 90 -- places of, 139-40 -- ethnic revival -- and hooliganism, 46 -- and hooliganism, 47 -- and Kazakh identity, 170-1 -- ethnic tensions -- 18-19 -- 30 -- 84 -- and construction of foreigners as aliens, 144-5 -- and construction of foreigners as aliens, 182 -- and control of public places, 160-5 -- and fear of instability, 180 -- and fear of instability, 182 -- and Muslim identity, 171-3 -- intensification of, 145 -- Kazakh migrants and, 172-5 -- ethnicity -- and division of labour, 84 -- and kinship networks, 82-3 -- and marriage, 83 -- and national characteristics, 148 -- and national characteristics, 199n -- and perception of foreigners, 128 -- and power relations in Almaty, 162 -- in Kazakhstan, 28-9.

in neighbourhood, 22-3.

The shocking impact of the new capitalism on the people of Central Asia.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.