Legal Issues in Bunkering : An Introduction to the Law Relating to Sale and Use of Marine Fuels.

Cover -- Dedication -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the author -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- List of Tables and Figures -- Figure 1. Distillate marine fuels -- Table courtesy of BSI (www.bsigroup.com) -- Figure 2. Residual marine fuels from ISO 8217 2010 -- Table courtesy of BSI (www.bsigroup.com) -- Figure 3. Some contractual bunkering chains -- Figure 4. The complexity of contractual and tortious relationships in bunkering -- This chart was devised by and is reproduced with the permission ofAlex Macinnes, a solicitor in the London office of Norwegian law firm Wikborg Rein (www.wr.no) -- Introduction -- The legal aspects of bunkering -- International business -- What are bunkers? -- Origin of the term -- Different types of bunker fuel -- Simple definition of bunkers -- When does oil become bunkers? -- Can oil stop being bunkers? -- Lubricants -- Some other definitions -- A little more about bunkers -- What goes into bunker fuel? -- Other fuel sources -- PART I - DOING BUSINESS -- Chapter 1 - The basics of the law of contract -- Legal systems -- Contract -- Agreement -- Intention to create legal relations -- Consideration -- Summary -- Sequence -- Certainty -- Chapter 2 - Particular features of bunker contracts -- Incorporating Terms and Conditions -- Course of dealing -- Priority of provisions -- No Terms &amp -- Conditions -- The battle of the forms -- Chapter 3 - The short life of an unremarkable bunker stem -- Identifying the essential components of a contract -- Chapter 4 - What sellers include in their Terms and Conditions -- Definitions (1) -- Grades and quality (2) -- Quantities and measurements (3) -- Sampling (4) -- Delivery (5) -- Documentation (6) -- Requisition -- Bunker delivery note -- Short delivery complaint or protest -- Price (7) -- Payment (8) -- Credit -- Prohibition of set-off.

Timely payment and interest -- Interest rates -- Liens and other rights of the seller -- Claims (9) -- Quantity claims -- Quality claims -- The use of samples -- Delay or demurrage -- Indirect and consequential loss -- Limitation of liability -- Risk and title (10) -- Termination (11) -- Indemnity (12) -- Force majeure (13) -- Safety and the environment (14) -- Dispute resolution (15) -- Law and jurisdiction -- Alternative dispute resolution -- The BIMCO Standard Dispute Resolution Clause -- Catch-all jurisdiction provisions -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5 - The role of bunker brokers and other intermediaries -- Chapter 6 - Charterparty relationships -- Time charters -- Bunkering clauses -- BIMCO Fuel Sulphur Content Clause -- Bunker Quality Control Clause for Time Chartering -- Raising standards -- Dispute resolution -- Links in the chain -- PART II - WHEN THINGS GO WRONG -- Chapter 7 - The unpaid seller -- Chapter 8 - Ship arrest -- History -- A simple arrest for a simple debt -- A complicated arrest for a simple debt -- Chapter 9 - The M/V Skyptron - an interesting US experience -- Chapter 10 - Retention of title clauses -- Chapter 11 - Quantity disputes -- Chapter 12 - Quality disputes -- Admissible evidence -- Mitigation -- Limitation of liability -- Technical issues -- Time limits -- Chapter 13 - Charterparty disputes -- Ownership of the bunkers -- Bunkers on delivery and redelivery -- Off-hire -- Deductions from hire -- Safe place of bunkering -- Quantity disputes -- Quality disputes -- Implied terms -- Chapter 14 - The problem of mismatch in Terms and Conditions -- Chain of contracts -- Time limits -- Sampling procedures -- Passing of risk and retaining title -- Applicable law, jurisdiction and arbitration provisions -- Adopting a sub-contractor's terms -- Charterers -- Chapter 15 - Claims in tort -- Torts -- Pure tort claims -- Duty of care.

Where claims in tort can be useful -- Tort and contract -- The complexity of contractual and tortious relationships -- Torts involving conversion -- Collision and other similar incidents -- Chapter 16 - A brief review of some interesting cases -- The Silia -- The Span Terza -- The Saetta -- The Yuta Bondarovskaya -- The Fesco Angara -- Tramp Oil &amp -- Marine v Lomar Shipping 1991 (unreported) -- Other cases -- Part III - Regulations and conventions -- Chapter 17 - Introduction and a note about the IMO -- Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) -- SS600 -- The International Maritime Organization (IMO) -- The MARPOL Annex VI Revision -- Chapter 18 - The MARPOL Convention, Annex VI and enforcement -- MARPOL 73/78 - the Convention itself -- Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention -- Fuel oil quality -- Fuel oil availability -- Effectiveness of Annex VI -- The European Union Directives on sulphur -- Enforcement -- The Paris MoU on Port State Control -- Coverage -- Objective -- Inspections -- Stepped approach -- Action -- IMO guidelines for Port State Control under Annex VI -- Objective -- The Netherlands -- Suppliers -- Historical infringements -- The non-availability provision in Annex VI Regulation 18.2 -- Chapter 19 - Oil pollution and limitation of liability -- Introduction -- Scope -- Oil tankers -- Civil Liability Convention -- The Fund Convention -- Limit of liability -- Bunkers on other ships -- Compulsory insurance -- Applicability -- The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 -- The Bunkers Convention -- The existing regime -- A bunker specific regime -- Origins of the Bunkers Convention -- Commencement -- Review -- Protection for salvors and similar -- The HNS Convention - human and other harm and other pollution damage -- Implementation -- Scope -- Substances -- Regime -- Excess fund.

Insuring the shipowner's liabilities -- Limitation of liability -- Contractual limitation -- Vessel limitation -- The 1976 Limitation Convention -- Financial limits -- Exceptions -- APPENDICES -- Appendix 1 - Terms implied into contracts by the Sale of Goods Act 1979 -- The Sale of Goods Act implied terms -- Excluding implied terms -- Title -- Description -- Quality and fitness for purpose -- Satisfactory quality -- Reasonable fitness for a particular purpose -- Other provisions in Section 14 -- Quality and fitness summary -- Conditions and warranties -- Significance of the difference -- Buyer's options -- Seller's opportunity -- Implied terms in practice -- Appendix 2 - The Unfair Contract Terms Act -- Limitations to the scope of the UCTA -- Some examples of the effects of Sections 26 and 27 on bunker contracts -- What the provisions mean in practice -- Prohibited -- Subject to the requirement of reasonableness -- Schedule 2 - 'Guidelines' for application of the reasonableness test -- Appendix 3 - Examples of contract clauses excluding or modifying implied terms -- BIMCO -- BP -- Chevron Marine Products -- Cockett Marine Oil -- Words of caution -- Appendix 4 - Remoteness of damage -- Remoteness of damage in contract -- Application of the principle of remoteness to bunkers and bunkering -- Charterparties -- Appendix 5 - Arrest in England -- Maritime liens and statutory liens -- The arrest -- Caveats -- Appendix 6 - Arrest in the United States -- Appendix 7 - Bribery and corruption -- OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials -- The Bribery Act 2010 -- Background -- The four new offences -- The adequate procedures defence -- UK Government guidance -- International scope -- Penalties -- Compliance -- The future -- Anti-competitive practices -- Appendix 8 - The BIMCO Standard Bunker Contract -- List of abbreviations -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.