International Benchmarking of US Immunology Research.

INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKING OF US IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 HOW IMPORTANT IS IT FOR THE UNITED STATES TO LEAD IN IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH? -- 1.2 WHAT IS IMMUNOLOGY? -- 1.3 IMMUNOLOGY AS AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE -- 1.4 WHAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL NATURE OF IMMUNOLOGY? -- 1.5 WHAT ARE SOME CAVEATS? -- 1.6 PANEL CHARGE AND RATIONALE -- 2 BENCHMARKING RESULTS -- 2.1 METHODS -- 2.1.1 Reputation Survey -- 2.1.2 Citation Analysis -- 2.1.3 Journal Publication Analysis -- 2.2 RESULTS -- 2.2.1 Reputation Survey -- 2.2.2 Citation Analysis -- 2.2.3 Journal Publication Analysis -- 2.3 SUMMARY -- 3 KEY FACTORS -- 3.1 FUNDING -- 3.2 HUMAN RESOURCES -- 3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE -- 3.4 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS -- 3.5 THE CLINICAL TRIAL -- 4 LIKELY FUTURE POSITION -- 4.1 FUNDING AND RESOURCE LIMITATIONS -- 4.2 INCREASED COMPETITION FROM EUROPE AND OTHER COUNTRIES -- 4.3 CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND THE SHIFT TOWARD HMOS -- 4.4 TRAINING OF US STUDENTS -- 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- 5.1 THE UNITED STATES IS THE WORLD LEADER IN ALL THE MAJOR SUBFIELDS OF IMMUNOLOGY BUT IS ONLY AMONG THE WORLD LEADERS IN… -- 5.2 FLEXIBILITY TO PURSUE ORIGINAL AND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IDEAS HAS ATTRACTED BOTH DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN… -- 5.3 INDUSTRIAL INTERESTS HAVE FOSTERED MANY STRIKING BREAKTHROUGHS IN IMMUNOLOGY -- 5.4 A SCARCITY OF LARGE-SCALE CLINICAL TRIALS IN IMMUNOLOGY CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO SHORTAGES OF FUNDING AND OF QUALIFIED… -- 5.5 SHIFTING FEDERAL AND INDUSTRY PRIORITIES, A POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN ACCESS TO DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN TALENT, AND THE… -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX PANEL AND STAFF BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION -- STAFF.

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