Basic Research Opportunities in Earth Science.

BASIC RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN Earth Science -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR BASIC RESEARCH -- PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Long-Term Support of Investigator-Driven Science -- Mechanisms for Multidisciplinary Research -- Instrumentation and Facilities -- Education -- PARTNERSHIPS IN EARTH SCIENCE -- REQUIRED RESOURCES -- 1 Basic Earth Science and Society -- INTRODUCTION -- Role of the National Science Foundation -- Organization of the Report -- APPLICATIONS OF BASIC EARTH SCIENCE TO NATIONAL PROBLEMS -- Natural Resources -- Energy -- Minerals and Other Raw Materials -- Water -- Soil -- Natural Hazards -- Geoscience-Based Engineering -- The Environment -- National Defense and Global Security -- THE AGENDA FOR BASIC RESEARCH -- Reading the Record of Terrestrial Change and Extreme Events -- Observing the Active Earth -- 2 Science Opportunities -- THE CRITICAL ZONE: EARTH'S NEAR-SURFACE ENVIRONMENT -- Science Opportunities -- Global Climate Change and the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle -- The Interactions of Life, Water, and Minerals -- The Land-Ocean Interface -- Tectonics, Climate, and Weathering -- Earth History -- New Tools and Observations -- Need for Coordinated Field Work and Integrated Modeling -- GEOBIOLOGY -- Recent Advances -- Climate Studies -- Biological Controls on Earth Chemistry -- Molecular Geobiology -- Evolutionary Innovations -- Environmental and Ecological Dynamics -- New Tools and Capabilities -- Science Goals and Challenges -- EARTH AND PLANETARY MATERIALS -- Recent Advances -- Science Opportunities -- Development of Intense Neutron Beams and Other Powerful New Probes of Material Properties -- Retrieval of Samples From Other Planets, Interplanetary Space, and Comets -- Application of Molecular Biology to Earth Materials.

Long-Term Observations in Natural Laboratories -- THE CONTINENTS -- Recent Advances -- Science Opportunities -- Surface Processes, Climate, and Tectonics -- Active Deformation -- Fluids in the Crust -- Lower Continental Crust -- Continental Deep Structure -- EarthScope-A Major Initiative -- DEEP INTERIOR -- Major Areas of Investigation -- Mantle Convection and Geochemical Reservoirs -- The Core-Mantle Boundary (CMB) -- The Core Dynamo and Magnetic Field -- Inner Core -- Disciplinary Advances -- Seismology -- Geomagnetic Studies -- Geochemistry Studies -- High-Pressure Studies of Earth Materials -- THE PLANETS -- Promise of Planetary Exploration -- Science Opportunities -- Analytical Challenges -- 3 Findings and Recommendations -- LONG-TERM SUPPORT OF INVESTIGATOR-DRIVEN SCIENCE -- Geobiology -- Earth and Planetary Materials -- Hydrology, Geology, and the Critical Zone -- Hydrology -- Geology -- MAJOR INITIATIVES -- EarthScope -- Natural Laboratories -- SUPPORT OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH -- Microorganisms in the Environment -- Planetary Science -- INSTRUMENTATION AND FACILITIES -- EDUCATION -- Training in the Earth Sciences -- Broadening Involvement in Active Research -- Field-Focused Opportunities -- PARTNERSHIPS IN EARTH SCIENCE -- Partnerships Within NSF -- Partnerships between EAR and Other Agencies -- REQUIRED RESOURCES -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Earth Science Programs -- NSF EARTH SCIENCE DIVISION -- EAR Education Programs -- RELATED FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS -- U.S. Geological Survey -- Department of Energy -- National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Lessons Learned from Previous Collaborations with USGS, DOE, and NASA -- Potential Partnerships with Other Agencies and NSF Programs -- Appendix B Community Input -- SYMPOSIA -- Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, 1998 1 -- WORKSHOP REPORTS 3 -- LETTERS FROM INDIVIDUALS.

Universities, Museums, and Professional Societies -- Federal Agencies -- Acronyms.

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