Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for Regulatory Consideration.

Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for Regulatory Consideration -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- RECOMMENDED APPROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE CCLS -- Two-Step Approach -- Sociopolitical Considerations -- Universe to PCCL -- PCCL to CCL -- Contaminant Attributes -- Developing and Implementing a Prototype Classification Approach -- IDENTIFYING AND ASSESSING EMERGING WATERBORNE PATHOGENS -- Virulence-Factor Activity Relationships -- Framework -- Feasibility -- VFAR Conclusions and Recommendations -- 1 Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List: Past, Present, and Future -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE 1998 CCL -- IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE 1998 CCL -- Research Plan for 1998 CCL -- LIMITATIONS OF THE FIRST CCL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS -- RELATED SDWA PROGRAMS -- National Drinking Water Contaminant Occurrence Database -- Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation -- IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING CONTAMINANTS FOR FUTURE CCLS -- PERSPECTIVE OF THIS REPORT -- 2 Sociopolitical Considerations for Developing Future CCLs -- INTRODUCTION -- LIMITATIONS OF THE FIRST CCL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS -- USE OF SOUND SCIENCE IN FUTURE REGULATORY DECISIONS -- NATURE OF THE TASK -- RISK PERCEPTION -- PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE SUBPOPULATIONS -- TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION -- Transparency -- Public Participation -- SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 The Universe of Potential Contaminants to the Preliminary CCL -- INTRODUCTION -- TWO-STEP APPROACH -- THE UNIVERSE OF POTENTIAL DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS -- DISTINGUISHING THE PCCL FROM THE UNIVERSE -- GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING SCREENING CRITERIA -- Criteria for Potential and Demonstrated Health Effects -- Criteria for Potential and Demonstrated Occurrence -- FATE OF THE PCCL -- SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 PCCL to CCL: Attributes of Contaminants.

INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF CONTAMINANT ATTRIBUTES -- Severity -- Potency -- Prevalence -- Magnitude -- Persistence-Mobility -- LESSONS LEARNED IN APPLYING THESE CRITERIA -- Monitoring Data -- Potency Compared to Monitoring Data -- Severity -- Severity and Potency -- SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5 PCCL to CCL: Classification Algorithm -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES -- Expert Judgments -- Rule-Based Methods -- Prototype Classification Methods -- Which Strategy to Use? -- ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF A PROTOTYPE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR CCL CONTAMINANTS -- The Training Data Set -- Attribute Scoring -- Prototype Classification Functions -- Classification Results Using a Linear Classifier -- Classification Results Using a Neural Network Classifier -- DEMONSTRATED USE OF THE TRAINED CLASSIFIER -- Examination of Misclassified Contaminants -- Validation Test Cases -- Prediction for Interesting Test Cases -- SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6 Virulence-Factor Activity Relationships -- INTRODUCTION -- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM -- VFAR ANALOGY TO SARS AND QUANTITATIVE SARS -- FRAMEWORK -- FORMULATING VFARS -- Response (Outcome) Variables -- Descriptor Variables -- Genomics and Proteomics -- CURRENT LEVEL OF GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION -- Microbial Genome Projects and Comparative Databases -- Molecular Methods for Characterization of Waterborne Microorganisms -- Protozoa -- Viruses -- Bacteria -- Gene Microarrays and Genomics -- VIRULENCE AND POTENCY RESPONSE-HEALTH ASPECTS -- Introduction -- Viral Examples -- Influenza-Mutation is Associated with Virulence -- Hepatitis E-An Emerging Waterborne Infection in the United States -- Poliovirus and Other Enteroviruses -- Bacterial Examples -- Streptococcal Infections -- Enteric Bacteria -- Summary -- PERSISTENCE RESPONSES -- Mechanisms Responsible for Decay -- Abiotic Factors.

Biotic Factors -- Mechanisms Affording Protection to Microorganisms -- Range of Decay Rates -- Determination of Viability -- Data for Established Pathogens -- Data for More Recent Pathogens -- Intrinsic Factors Influencing Decay -- INTERPRETATION OF ISSUES -- Data Information and Management Issues -- FEASIBILITY -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Appendix A The European Prioritization Schemes "COMMPS" AND "DYNAMEC" -- INTRODUCTION -- COMBINED MONITORING-BASED AND MODELING-BASED PRIORITY SETTING (COMMPS) -- A DYNAMIC MECHANISM FOR SELECTING AND PRIORITIZING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (DYNAMEC) -- The Chemical Universe -- Initial Selection of Substances -- The Safety Net Procedure -- Quality Assurance/Validation -- List of Substances of Possible Concern -- Fact Sheets -- Flagging Substances -- Ranking -- "Selection Box" of 80 substances -- Grouping of Selection Box Substances -- REFERENCES -- Appendix B Matlab Programs for Contaminant Classification -- Appendix C Biographical Information -- COMMITTEE MEMBERS -- STAFF.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.