Modernizing the U. S. Census.

Modernizing the U.S. Census -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Preface -- Summary -- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION -- A REDESIGNED CENSUS -- Statistical Estimation -- Improving Response -- Reducing Costs -- Support for the New Design -- CENSUS CONTENT AND THE LONG FORM -- DATA ON RACE AND ETHNICITY -- SOME RADICAL ALTERNATIVES TO THE CENSUS -- A National Register -- An Administrative Records Census -- A Census Conducted by the U.S. Postal Service -- A Sample or Rolling Census -- INTERCENSAL SMALL-AREA DATA -- 1 The Role of the Census -- OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT -- THE NEED FOR CENSUS DATA -- Data Needs for Reapportionment and Redistricting -- Other Data Needs -- Federal Agency Needs for Census Data -- Needs of Other Data Users -- Conclusion About Data Needs -- CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING APPROACHES TO THE CENSUS -- NOTES -- 2 Population Coverage and Its Implications -- COVERAGE ESTIMATES -- Coverage Errors -- Undercount by Subgroups -- Errors in Small-Area Data -- IMPLICATIONS OF UNDERENUMERATION -- Effects on Congressional Apportionment -- Effects on Distribution of Federal Funds -- NOTES -- 3 Census Cost Increases and Their Causes -- GENERAL FACTORS -- SPECIFIC FACTORS AND MARGINAL COSTS -- Census Content -- Changes in Population and Housing -- Mail Response Rates -- Other Factors -- Census Cost Changes -- Census Staff Productivity -- SUMMARY -- NOTES -- 4 Radical Alternatives -- A NATIONAL REGISTER FOR THE BASIC CENSUS -- AN ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS CENSUS -- A CENSUS CONDUCTED BY THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE -- A ROLLING OR SAMPLE CENSUS -- NOTES -- 5 A Redesigned Census -- TWO APPROACHES TO COUNTING THE POPULATION -- Census Bureau Plans -- Legal Issues of Statistical Estimation -- BASIC ELEMENTS OF A NEW CENSUS DESIGN -- Decreasing the Intensity of Nonresponse Follow-Up -- Sampling for Nonresponse Follow-Up.

Truncation of Enumeration After a Reasonable Effort -- Alternative Techniques of Truncation -- What Determines a Reasonable Effort -- Survey-Based Methods to Complete the Count -- ADDITIONAL MEASURES TO IMPROVE ACCURACY AND REDUCE COSTS -- Improve Response Rates -- A Simplified Questionnaire Design -- Respondent-Friendly Long Forms and the Use of Appeals -- Partnerships with State and Local Governments -- Partnership with the U.S. Postal Service -- Current Role -- Expanded Role -- A REENGINEERED CENSUS -- BUILDING PUBLIC SUPPORT -- NOTES -- 6 Census Content -- THE PROCESS FOR DETERMINING CENSUS CONTENT -- THE LONG FORM -- Costs -- Mail Return Rates -- Effects in 1980 and 1990 -- Experiments to Improve Response -- Conclusions -- Coverage -- Matrix Sampling -- CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT -- Costs -- Cost Savings from Dropping the Long Form -- Continuous Measurement Cost Estimates -- Missing Cost Data -- Other Cost Savings -- Data Quality -- Conceptual Issues with Cumulated Data -- Relation to Other Household Surveys -- Alternative Ways to Provide Small-Area Data -- Conclusions -- CONCLUSIONS: CONTENT IN THE 2000 CENSUS -- NOTES -- 7 Data on Race and Ethnicity -- HISTORICAL CONTEXT -- CURRENT REQUIREMENTS -- FUTURE REQUIREMENTS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- NOTES -- 8 Intercensal Small-Area Data -- NEEDS FOR SMALL-AREA DATA -- Timeliness -- Past Attempts to Produce Intercensal Small-Area Data -- ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT METHODS -- Mid-Decade Censuses -- New and Special Surveys -- Augmenting Existing Surveys -- Model-Based Estimates -- ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS -- A GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCE SYSTEM AND UPDATED ADDRESS FILE -- INTERAGENCY DATA SHARING -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- References -- Appendices -- APPENDIX A Basic Information on Census Questionnaires -- SHORT-FORM AND LONG-FORM QUESTIONNAIRE CONTENT -- QUESTIONNAIRE RECEIPT AND RESPONSE -- NOTE.

REFERENCE -- APPENDIX B The Census Process -- DEVELOPMENT OF MAILING LIST (MASTER ADDRESS CONTROL FILE) -- 1988 -- 1989 -- 1990 -- COLLECTING THE DATA -- FIELD OPERATIONS (OPENING OF OFFICES) -- 1988 -- 1989 -- 1990 FIELD OPERATION-FOLLOW-UP -- Mail Return -- Nonresponse Follow-Up -- Field Follow-Up -- OTHER COVERAGE IMPROVEMENTS -- LOCAL REVIEW -- POST-ENUMERATION SURVEY -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX C Data Requirements for Reapportionment and Redistricting -- REAPPORTIONMENT -- The Role of Sampling -- Role of Administrative Records -- REDISTRICTING ON THE BASIS OF TOTAL POPULATION -- Legal Foundations -- Census Data for Redistricting -- Required Level of Geographic Detail -- Role of Sampling and Administrative Records -- REDISTRICTING ON THE BASIS OF RACIAL OR ETHNIC COMPOSITION -- Legal History -- Role of the Census -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX D Research Uses of Census Data -- RESEARCH VALUE -- Forms of Census Data -- Advantages of PUMS Files -- Examples of Research -- Aging of the Population -- Race Relations -- Education -- Concentrated Poverty -- Global Change -- DEVELOPMENT OF CENSUS MICRODATA FILES -- Development of PUMS Files -- Development of Summary Tape Files -- Historical Census Files -- ACCESS TO CENSUS DATA -- Role of the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research -- Underutilization -- Online Access -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX E State and Local Needs for Census Data -- USES OF CENSUS DATA: AN OVERVIEW -- CENSUS DATA CATEGORIES -- General Demographic Data -- Race, Hispanic Origin, and Ancestry -- Immigration: Citizenship, Year of Entry, and Language -- Labor Force and Occupation -- Education: School Enrollment and Highest Grade Completed -- Disability -- Transportation -- Income and Poverty -- Housing -- USES OF CENSUS DATA -- Uses of Census Data for State and Federal Legislative Requirements.

Uses of Census Data for State and Federal Grants Applications -- Uses of Census Data for Public Health and Social Service Programs -- Uses of Census Data for Community Planning and Development -- School Districts -- Law Enforcement -- Library Services -- Emergency Planning -- Uses of Census Data for Environmental Planning -- Economic Uses of Census Data: Employment, Labor Force, and Economic Development Analyses -- SMALL-AREA DATA NEEDS FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY DETAILED DATA -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX F Business Uses of Census Data -- RETAIL AND RESTAURANT -- BANKS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS -- MEDIA AND ADVERTISING -- INSURANCE COMPANIES -- UTILITY COMPANIES -- HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS -- NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS -- OTHER USERS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX G Use of Decennial Census Data in Transportation Planning -- HISTORY OF TRANSPORTATION QUESTIONS IN THE CENSUS -- THE 1990 CENSUS -- THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PACKAGE (UTTP) -- Use of the 1980 UTPP Data-A Case Study -- Summary -- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CENSUS AND TRAVEL SURVEY DATA -- Journey-to-Work Adjustments -- Problems Inherent in Census Data -- Positive Aspects of Census Data -- USE OF DECENNIAL CENSUS DATA BY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AGENCIES -- RELATIONSHIP OF CENSUS DATA TO LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS -- Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act Legislative Requirements -- Comprehensive Planning Provisions -- Transportation Improvement Program: Project Selection -- Traffic Congestion Management -- Corridor Preservation -- Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 Legislative Requirements -- Other Legislative Requirements -- STATE AND LOCAL USES -- COST AND FEASIBILITY OF REPLACING CENSUS TRANSPORTATION DATA -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX H Census Data Needs for Housing and Urban Development -- FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE AND CENSUS DATA REQUIREMENTS -- Small-Area Geographic Detail -- Census Content.

Population Counts -- Housing -- Income and Poverty -- Labor Market Information -- Mobility, Health, Ethnicity, and Language -- Homeless Population -- PROGRAM USES OF CENSUS DATA -- Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategies -- Housing Policy Development -- Analysis, Development, and Evaluation of Urban Policy Initiatives -- Urban Poverty, Need, and Economic Trends -- Housing and Neighborhoods -- Urban Programs -- ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF CENSUS DATA -- PRIORITIES FOR HOUSING DATA -- Data From Future Censuses -- Improving Data on the Condition of Housing Structures -- Outdated and Too Little Data -- Additional Decennial Census Questions -- Data for Small Areas -- CONSEQUENCES OF NOT COLLECTING CENSUS DATA -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX I Alternative Ways to Produce Intercensal Small-Area Data -- QUALIFIED MILITARY POPULATION -- EMPLOYMENT ESTIMATES -- State Estimates -- Substate Estimates -- INCOME AND POVERTY -- Income -- Methodology -- Estimation Models -- Time Frame -- Poverty -- MIGRANT AND SEASONAL FARMWORKERS -- Limitations of Census Data -- A National Sample Survey -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX J Content and Quality of Federal and State Administrative Records -- FEDERAL FILES -- STATE FILES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX K Quality of Current Data on Race and Ethnicity -- REQUIREMENTS FOR RACE AND ETHNICITY DATA SINCE 1970 -- COLLECTION OF RACE AND ETHNICITY DATA IN THE CENSUS -- ALLOCATION RATES -- MEASURES OF INCONSISTENCY -- LIMITATIONS OF THE RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN QUESTIONS -- LIMITATIONS OF THE ANCESTRY QUESTION -- STRENGTHS OF THE RACE AND ANCESTRY QUESTIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX L Allocation Rates -- ALLOCATION RATES FOR SHORT-FORM POPULATION ITEMS BY FORM TYPE -- ALLOCATION RATES ON LONG FORMS BY RESPONSE TYPE -- ALLOCATION RATES ON LONG FORMS BY RACE AND GEOGRAPHIC RESIDENCE -- REFERENCE -- NOTES.

APPENDIX M Census Data Requirements by Federal Agencies.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.