Ensuring Safe Food : From Production to Consumption.

Ensuring Safe Food From Production to Consumption -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Ensuring Safe Food -- Executive Summary -- PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY -- 1. The Current US Food Safety System -- Summary Findings: The Current US System for Food Safety -- 2. An Effective Food Safety System -- Mission -- Attributes of an Effective Food Safety System -- Summary Findings: An Effective Food Safety System -- 3. Where Current US Food Safety Activities Fall Short -- Summary Findings: Where the US Food Safety System Falls Short -- 4. Conclusions and Recommendations Needed to Improve the US Food Safety System -- Recommendation I: -- Recommendation IIa: -- Recommendation IIb: -- Recommendation IIIa: -- Recommendation IIIb: -- MOVING TOWARD A MODEL SYSTEM -- 1 Introduction and Background -- CHANGES IN THE US FOOD SYSTEM AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FOOD SAFETY -- SCOPE OF THE FOOD SAFETY PROBLEM -- HISTORY OF US FOOD SAFETY REGULATION -- THE COMMITTEE AND ITS CHARGE -- 2 The Current US Food Safety System -- REGULATION -- Federal Regulatory Programs -- State and Local Regulatory Systems -- HACCP Systems -- Voluntary Efforts -- Trade Associations -- Consumer Groups -- Professional Organizations -- Academe -- Liability -- SURVEILLANCE -- Human and Animal Disease -- Chemical Residues and Environmental Contaminants -- Food and Drug Administration -- US Department of Agriculture -- Environmental Protection Agency -- National Marine Fisheries Service -- Federal-State Cooperative Agreements -- Industry -- TECHNICAL GUIDANCE AND EDUCATION -- Government Activities -- Private Efforts -- CONSUMER RESPONSIBILITY AND PERCEPTIONS -- THE ROLE OF MEDIA-GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIPS IN FOOD SAFETY EDUCATION -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Federal Research Activities -- Application of New Technology -- INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS -- Food Safety Efforts of Other Countries -- Canada.

Other Countries and Cooperatives -- US Regulation of Imported Foods -- SUMMARY FINDINGS: THE CURRENT US SYSTEM FOR FOOD SAFETY -- 3 The Changing Nature of Food Hazards: Cause for Increasing Concern -- CHANGES THAT AFFECT THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOODBORNE DISEASE -- Diet -- Commercial Food Services -- Methods of Production and Distribution -- New or Re-emerging Infectious Foodborne Agents -- Populations at High Risk for Severe or Fatal Foodborne Disease -- CHANGES IN CHEMICAL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOOD SUPPLY -- New Food Components -- New Food Technologies -- New or Re-emerging Toxic Agents -- Physical Hazards -- SUMMARY FINDINGS: THE CHANGING NATURE OF FOOD HAZARDS -- 4 What Constitutes an Effective Food Safety System? -- THE MISSION OF THE SYSTEM -- GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE SYSTEM -- THE IMPORTANCE OF PARTNERING -- THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT PARTNERS -- A Science-Based Foundation Using Risk Analysis -- Adequate Surveillance and Monitoring -- Focused Education and Research -- Effective and Consistent Regulation and Enforcement -- Response and Adaptation to New Technology and Changing Consumer Needs -- Human and Financial Resources -- THE ROLES OF PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERS -- Producers -- Processors, Marketers, and Distributors -- THE ROLE OF THE CONSUMER -- THE ROLE OF OTHER PARTNERS -- A DYNAMIC INTERDEPENDENCE -- SUMMARY FINDINGS: AN EFFECTIVE FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM -- 5 Where Current US Food Safety Activities Fall Short -- INADEQUATE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE -- RESEARCH FUNDING LEVELS -- Recent Efforts to Improve Research -- INADEQUATE USE OF RISK ASSESSMENT -- INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION -- HACCP SYSTEMS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS -- ABSENCE OF FOCUSED LEADERSHIP -- STATUTORY LIMITATIONS -- LACK OF COORDINATION -- DEFICIENCIES IN REGULATION OF IMPORTED FOOD -- SUMMARY FINDINGS: WHERE THE US FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM FALLS SHORT -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations.

SCIENTIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS -- Recommendation I: -- Recommendation IIa: -- Recommendation IIb: -- RATIONALE FOR RECOMMENDATIONS RELATED TO A SCIENCE-BASED SYSTEM -- Role of Risk Analysis -- Resources Required for Research -- RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPLEMENT A SCIENCE-BASED SYSTEM THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES -- Recommendation IIIa: -- Recommendation IIIb: -- RATIONALE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS -- Centralized and Unified Federal Framework -- Integration of Food Safety Efforts -- References -- Appendixes -- A Glossary and Organizational Framework for the Current Food Safety System -- A.1 Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- B Food Safety: Recommendations for Changes in the Organization of Federal Food Safety Responsibilities, 1949-1997 -- ABSTRACT -- SUMMARY -- CONTENTS -- List of Tables -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- Current Federal Food Safety Responsibilities -- Overlapping Responsibilities -- Recommendations for Changes in the Federal Organization of Food Safety Responsibilities -- FOOD SAFETY UNDER A SINGLE, INDEPENDENT AGENCY -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Year of Document -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views.

Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of the Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- FOOD SAFETY UNDER THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of the Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting views -- FOOD SAFETY UNDER THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- Popular Name and Date.

Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- FOOD SAFETY UNDER THE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION -- Popular Name -- Description and Mission of Group Making Recommendations -- Summary of Recommendations -- Dissenting Views -- C Food Safety from Farm to Table: A National Food-Safety Initiative A Report to the President May 1997 -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- ENHANCE SURVEILLANCE AND BUILD AN EARLY-WARNING SYSTEM -- IMPROVE RESPONSES TO FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS -- IMPROVE RISK ASSESSMENT -- DEVELOP NEW RESEARCH METHODS -- IMPROVE INSPECTIONS AND COMPLIANCE -- FURTHER FOOD-SAFETY EDUCATION -- CONTINUE THE LONG-RANGE PLANNING PROCESS -- D Workshop Presentation Summaries and Workshop Agenda -- PHASE I: -- International Perspectives for Ensuring Safe Food (Ian Munro, CanTox, Inc.) -- Organizational Strategies (J. Clarence [Terry] Davies, Resources for the Future) -- PHASE 2: -- Food Producers Panel -- Food Processors Panel -- Ingredients and Packaging Panel -- Consumer Panel -- Food Handlers Panel -- State and Local Officials Panel -- Stakeholders in Policy Development Panel -- Former Federal Government Food Safety Officials -- PHASE 3: -- MEETING ON ENSURING SAFE FOOD -- Agenda -- E Federal Food Safety Budget Information -- F Acknowledgments -- G Biographical Sketches.

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