Evidence and information.

First Cover -- Foreword -- Table of contents -- Evidence -- Factors That Influence Evidence-Based Decision Making -- Table of contents -- Section I - Project report -- WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE EVIDENCE-BASED DECISION MAKING WITHIN THE CANADIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM? -- Background -- Factors Influencing Evidence Adoption -- Nature of Evidence -- Nature of Evidence Adoption -- Methods -- Case Study Design -- Primary Case Selection -- Embedded Case Selection -- Multistage Key Informant Sampling -- Measures -- Findings Reported across Clinical and Administrative Realms -- Sample -- Range of Adoption of Evidence -- Quality of the Evidence -- Dissemination -- Environmental Factors -- Administrative -- Economic Conditions -- Political Factors -- Liability -- Consumer Influence -- Personal/Professional Factors -- Summary of Findings -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Bibliography -- SECTION II - Primary CASE SYNOPSES -- Clinical Practice Case Synopses -- Routine Electronic Fetal Surveillance and Use of Cesarean Section -- Selection of Cases for Carotid Endarterectomy -- Selection of BPH Cases for Prostatectomy -- Implementation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules -- Pharmaceutical Case Synopses -- Promoting Appropriate Medication Use by Elderly Persons -- Appropriate Timing of Thrombolysis Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction -- Health Care Delivery Case Synopses -- Implementation of Second-Dose Measles Vaccine -- Implementation of Addiction Treatment Programs for Aboriginal People -- Implementation of Breast-Screening Programs -- Implementation of Acupuncture Programs -- Heath Care Management Case Synopses -- Hospital Closures -- Labour Substitution in Acute Care Nursing -- Bibliography -- Decision Support Tools in Health Care -- Table of contents -- Decision Support Tools in Health Care -- Guiding statement -- Introduction and definition.

Evidence-based health care -- Decision support tools -- Conceptual Model -- Developmental History of Decision Support Tools -- Growth of DSTs -- The Evolution of Information Technology and DSTs -- The Scope of Decision Support in Health Care -- Purported Benefits to Be Derived from the Use of DSTs in Health Care -- Limitations of DSTs in Health Care -- Theoretical Limitations -- People-Related Limitations -- Technical Limitations -- Evaluation Limitations -- Cost Limitations -- Scope of Present and Future Applications -- Methodology -- Audit of DSTs -- Survey of Health Care DST Use -- Results -- DST Audit Results -- Survey Results -- Discussion -- The Future of DSTs: The Clinical Practice and Institutional Management Perspective -- The Ideal DST Project -- The Future of DST Development: The Market Perspective -- The Future of DSTs in Policy and Management: An Organizational Behaviour Perspective -- Introduction -- Relevant Concepts from the Administrative and Policy Literature -- Discussion -- The Projected Future of DSTs -- Conclusion -- Recommendations -- System-Level Support for DST Development -- Methodological Issues in DST Development -- Industrial/Commercial Partnerships -- Articles included in the DST audit data base -- APPENDICES -- Apendix 1. List of General References to DSTs and Decision Support -- Apendix 2. Cover Letter and Survey Tool -- Apendix 3. Contact List for Survey Distribution -- Building a National Health Information Network -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Methods -- Identification of Initiatives -- Screening of Initiatives for In-Depth Review -- In-Depth Review of Population-Based Health Information Systems -- Results -- Identification and Screening of Initiatives -- General Review of Information Systems -- Review of Content Domains -- Linkages across Domains -- Comparative Focus -- Reporting Mechanism.

Role in Providing Evidence for Decision Making -- Major Strengths and Weaknesses across Information Systems -- Discussion -- Findings in Relation to Objectives -- Recommendations -- Bibliography -- APPENDICES -- Apendix 1. Key Contacts for Initiatives -- Apendix 2. Initiatives Considered for Review -- Foundations for Evidence-Based Decision Making -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- The Nature of Evidence -- The Structure of This Paper -- Distinction between Problem Solving and Decision Making -- "Good" or Justified Decisions -- Evidence -- The Roles of Evidence -- Confidence -- Description and the Inference to Causality (Observation and Experimentation) -- Types of Decisions, Types of Evidence -- Scientific Evidence and a Bias toward Traditional Medicine -- Evaluating Evidence -- Experimental Evidence -- Observation -- Theory -- Authority -- Personal Experience -- Using Evidence -- Interests and objectives -- Introduction -- Decision Makers, Levels of Decision, and Interests -- Constraints on, and Biases in, Decision Making -- Levels of Decision Making in Health -- Broader Determinants of Health -- Macroallocation Decisions -- Mesoallocation Decisions -- Microallocation Decisions -- Decision Makers -- Clients or Users -- Care Providers -- Administrators -- Policymakers -- Situation-Decision context -- Evidence and Risk -- Other Options -- Evidence for Change -- Scarcity of Resources -- Short literature review -- General -- Evidence-Based Medicine as a Practical Problem of Implementation -- Reviewing Medical Evidence -- Review by Expert Advisory Groups -- Metanalysis -- Conclusion and policy implications -- Conclusion -- Policy Implications -- The Culture of Evaluation -- The Diversity of Evidence -- A Whole-Person, Whole-Life Concept of Health -- Using Evidence -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- APPENDIX -- Decision/Evidence.

Civic Lessons: Strategies to Increase Consumer Involvement in Health Policy Development -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- Rationale for Increased Consumer Involvement -- What consumers could bring to the reform process -- Analytical frameworks -- Some current and emerging opportunities for consumer involvement -- Regionalization -- The Cochrane Collaboration and Consumer Network -- Consumer Representation on Health Professions' Regulatory Bodies in Ontario -- Introduction to the case studies -- Case study no. 1: Consumers and long-term care in ontario -- Background -- Evidence of Policy Influence -- Other Issues: Who Is a Legitimate Consumer? How Are They Accountable? Whom Do They Represent? -- Other Issues: Resources -- Relevance to the Analytic Frameworks -- Case study NO. 2: The influence of consumers on breast cancer policy -- Background -- Evidence of Policy Influence -- Other Issues: Who Is a legitimate Consumer? How Are They Accountable? Whom Do They Represent? What Issues Can They Tackle? -- Other Issues: Resources -- Relevance to the Analytic Frameworks -- Case study NO. 3: The consumers' health forum of australia -- Background -- Evidence of Policy Influence -- Other Issues: Who Is a Legitimate Consumer? How Are They Accountable? Whom Do They Represent? What Issues Can They Tackle? -- Other Issues: Resources -- Relevance to the Analytical Frameworks -- Lessons from the case studies -- What government can do -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Appendix -- The Issue of Values -- Research on Canadian Values in Relation to Health and the Health Care System -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- Study Objectives -- Organization of This Report -- QUALITATIVE FINDINGS -- Focus Group Methodology -- Location and Composition of Groups -- Focus Group Implementation -- Caveat: Some Limitations of This Study -- Findings.

Perceptions of the Health Care System -- Scenario 1: Alternative Treatments and Medicines -- Scenario 2: Emphasizing Prevention or Acute Care? -- Scenario 3: Shifting Resources from Health Care to Long-Term Prevention -- Scenario 4: Prevention vs. Treatment -- Scenario 5: Meeting the Needs of the Dying Compared to Delivering Acute Care -- Scenario 6: Guidelines to Encourage the Use of Less-Expensive Drugs -- Scenario 7: Increasing the Level of Responsibility That Families Have for Taking Care of Their Own -- Scenario 8: Principles of the Health Care System -- Summary of Focus Group with Aboriginal Canadians -- QUANTITATIVE FINDINGS -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Survey Findings -- Differences between Participants and Nonparticipants of Focus Group -- Influence of Participating Focus Group Session (Pre- and Postsurvey) -- Influence of Deliberative Exercise (Pre- and Postsurvey) -- Conclusions -- Pride in the Canadian Approach to Health Care -- Concerns about Future Viability -- A Reluctant Willingness to Consider Change -- Values and Change -- Health Care Is Fundamentally about Acute Care -- Health Care Is Whatever Works -- The Line-Up Starts with the Most III -- What Does It Mean to Be Canadian and Can We Afford It? -- The Evolving Context and Implications for Communications -- Appendices -- APPENDIX 1. Scenarios -- APPENDIX 2. Moderator's guide -- APPENDIX 3. Deliberative Information -- APPENDIX 4. Survey Questionnaire -- APPENDIX 5. Verbatim Comments -- The Feasibility of a National Canadian Advisory Committee on Ethics: Points to Consider -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- Preliminary: International and Supranational Initiatives -- Section 1 - UNESCO's International Bioethics Committee -- Section 2 - European Ethics Boards -- The Group of Advisers on the Ethical Implications of Biotechnology (GAEB).

The Steering Committee on Bioethics (CDBI).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.