DNA and the Criminal Justice System : The Technology of Justice.

Intro -- Contents -- Series Foreword -- Preface. DNA: Diviner of Guilt or Threat to Liberty? -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- I. Laying the Groundwork -- Chapter 1. Introduction: DNA and the Criminal Justice System -- Trusting Justice -- DNA Databases: The Architecture of Security and Trust -- Trusting Science -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 2. Furthering the Conversation about Science and Society -- Notes -- Chapter 3. Science and Technology of Forensic DNA Profiling: Current Use and Future Directions -- DNA-Based Human Identity Testing and Its Forensic Applications -- Current Methods for Forensic DNA Analysis -- Which Methods to Use? -- Statistical Interpretation of DNA Profiling Results and Phenotype Prediction -- Caveats in the Interpretation of Forensic DNA Testing Results -- Compiling and Searching of Tissue Banks and DNA Databases for Medical ,Research, and Forensic Uses -- Creation and Searching of Forensic DNA Databases -- Conclusion: DNA, the Silent Eyewitness -- Notes -- Chapter 4. Fingerprint Identification and the Criminal Justice System: Historical Lessons for the DNA Debate -- A Brief History of Criminal Identification -- Lesson of the Past No. 1: Eugenics -- Lesson of the Past No. 2: Ensuring the Reliability of Forensic Evidence -- Lesson of the Past No. 3: Breadth of Databases -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 5. The Relative Priority that Should Be Assigned toTrial Stage DNA Issues -- The Impact of DNA Technology on the Pretrial and Posttrial Stages of the Litigation Process -- The Impact of DNA Technology on the Trial Stage of the Litigation Process -- The Importance of Proper Scientific Test Procedure -- The Necessity of Understanding the Real Significance of Any Probability Cited to the Trier of Fact -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 6. Lessons from DNA: Restriking the Balance between Finality and Justice.

The Case for Finality -- The Impact of DNA Testing on Arguments for Finality -- Restriking the Balance between Finality and Justice -- When Should DNA Testing Be Available? -- Lessons for the Future -- Notes -- II. Balancing Privacy and Security -- Chapter 7. Genetic Privacy -- Privacy -- Genetic Privacy -- Ownership of DNA -- DNA Research and Privacy -- Policy Recommendations -- Notes -- Chapter 8. Ethical and Policy Guidance -- The Research Value of Human Biological Materials -- Is Genetic Information Different from Other Medical Information? -- Increasing Discussion about the Appropriate Research Use of Human Biological Materials -- Potential for Discrimination and Stigmatization -- Concerns About Privacy of Medical Records -- Summary -- Notes -- Chapter 9. Privacy and Forensic DNA Data Banks -- DNA Is Different -- Function Creep -- Current State Laws Provide Little Privacy Protection -- Government Disclosure of Nonprofile Information Raises Constitutional Concerns -- Eugenics and Discrimination -- Genetics and Crime -- Postconviction Testing: The Current Reality -- The Future -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 10. DNA Tests and Databases in Criminal Justice: Individual Rights and the Common Good -- The Threat of Eugenics -- Individual Rights and the Common Good: Libertarian versus Communitarian -- Benefits for the Common Good -- Advancing Individual Rights -- Threats to Individual Rights -- What to Bank and Who Should Have Access -- New Inmate Right -- In Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 11. Strands of Privacy: DNA Databases, Informational Privacy, and the OECD Guidelines -- Positioning the Right to Privacy -- The OECD Privacy Guidelines -- Who Should be Included in the DNA Database? -- What Information Should Be Included in the DNA Record? -- Conclusion -- Notes.

Chapter 12. DNA Databases for Law Enforcement: The Coverage Question and the Case for a Population-Wide Database -- If Only Offender Profiles Are Included, Which Offenses Should Trigger Inclusion? -- Which Other Groups Might Be Included? -- Indirect Acquisition by the State -- The Prospect of Universality -- Opposition to a Population-Wide Database -- Conclusion -- Notes -- III. The Coming Storm: Crime and Behavioral Genetics -- Chapter 13. DNA and Human-Behavior Genetics: Implications for the Criminal Justice System -- Introduction -- Biology and Genetic Determinism -- Methodological Pitfalls in Behavior Genetics Research -- Plasticity of the Genotype-Phenotype Relationship -- The Dangers of Behavior Genetics: A Lesson from History -- Conclusions: Lessons for Today -- Notes -- Chapter 14. Selective Arrests, an Ever-Expanding DNA Forensic Database, and the Specter of an Early-Twenty-First-Century Equivalent of Phrenology -- Phenotypical Expression at the Point of Arrest: The Selective Aim of the Artillery in the War on Drugs -- Background to "Ethnic-Affiliation Markers" at the DNA Level -- The Dangerous Intersection of "Allele Frequencies in Special Populations" and "Police Profiling via Phenotype" -- Population-Wide DNA Database -- DNA Profiling and the Fracture of "Community" -- Notes -- IV. Defining the Discourse -- Chapter 15. DNA's Identity Crisis -- Introduction -- A Molecular Arbiter of Justice -- Experts between Truth and Power -- Bounded Democratization -- DNA's Multiple Identities -- Conclusion: Democratic Expertise -- Notes -- Chapter 16. DNA and the Criminal Justice System: Consensus and Debate -- Areas of Consensus -- Areas of Disagreement -- Disagreements in the Area of Postconviction Review -- Disagreements in the Area of DNA Databases -- Questions at the Nexus of Law, Science, and Society -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Contributors.

Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.