Fixed and Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Micro Air Vehicle Applications.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 An Overview of Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamics -- I. Introduction -- II. Fixed Wing Vehicles -- III. Flapping Wing Vehicles -- IV. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part I. Fixed Wing Aerodynamics -- Chapter 2 Higher-Order Boundary Layer Formulation and Application to Low Reynolds Number Flows -- I. Introduction -- II. Curvilinear Coordinates and Equations -- III. Equivalent Inviscid Flow -- IV. Entrainment Equation and Viscous/Inviscid Coupling -- V Integral Momentum and Kinetic Energy Equations -- VI. Turbulent Transport Equation -- VII. Real Viscous Flow Profiles -- VIII. Profile Families -- IX. Higher-Order Corrections -- X. High-Order Panel Method -- XI. Viscous/Inviscid System Formulation -- XII. Results -- XIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Analysis and Design of Airfoils for Use at Ultra-Low Reynolds Numbers -- I. Introduction -- II. Computational Analysis Methods -- III. Flowfield Assumptions -- IV. Grid Topology -- V. Comparison with Experiment -- VI. Effects of Reynolds Number and Geometry Variations on Airfoil Performance -- VII. Airfoil Optimization -- VIII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Adaptive, Unstructured Meshes for Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations for Low-Chord-Reynolds-Number Flows -- I. Introduction -- II. Approach -- III. The Finite Element Approximation -- IV. Fluid Solver -- V. Grid Generation and Adaptive Refinement -- VI. Results -- VII. Database Validation -- VIII. Ongoing Work -- IX. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 Wind Tunnel Tests of Wings and Rings at Low Reynolds Numbers -- I. Introduction -- II. Effect of Aspect Ratio and Planform on the Aerodynamic Lift and Drag -- III. Effect of Low Reynolds Numbers on the Lift and Drag of Ring Airfoils -- References.

Chapter 6 Effects of Acoustic Disturbances on Low Re Aerofoil Flows -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Arrangements -- III. Results -- IV. Discussion -- V. Potential Use of Sound to Improve Performance -- VI. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Low Aspect Ratio Wings at Low Reynolds Numbers -- I. Introduction -- II. Apparatus -- III. Procedures -- IV. Uncertainty -- V. Flow Visualization -- VI. Discussion of Results -- VII. Vortex-Lattice Method -- VIII. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Systematic Airfoil Design Studies at Low Reynolds Numbers -- I. Introduction -- II. Design Process -- III. Parametric Studies in Airfoil Design -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Numerical Optimization and Wind-Tunnel Testing of Low Reynolds Number Airfoils -- I. Introduction -- II. Aerodynamic Model -- III. Experimental Setup -- IV. Numerical Optimization of Low Reynolds Number Airfoils -- V. Experimental Investigations on Very Low Reynolds Number Airfoils -- VI. Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 10 Unsteady Stalling Characteristics of Thin Airfoils at Low Reynolds Number -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Methods -- III. Results and Discussion -- IV. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II. Flapping and Rotary Wing Aerodynamics -- Chapter 11 Thrust and Drag in Flying Birds: Applications to Birdlike Micro Air Vehicles -- I. Introduction -- II. Avian Flight Performance -- III. Thrust Generation -- IV. Drag Reduction -- V. Wing Shape -- VI. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Lift and Drag Characteristics of Rotary and Flapping Wings -- I. Introduction -- II. Aerodynamics of Hovering Insect Flight -- III. Propeller Experiments at High Re -- IV. Results and Discussion.

Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 A Rational Engineering Analysis of the Efficiency of Flapping Flight -- I. Introduction -- II. The Influence of Wake Roll Up on Flapping Flight -- III. Minimum Loss Flapping Theory -- IV. Results -- V. Summary and Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Leading-Edge Vortices of Flapping and Rotary Wings at Low Reynolds Number -- I. Introduction -- II. Computational Modeling of a Rotary Wing -- III. Numerical Accuracy -- IV. Results -- V. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 15 On the Flowfield and Forces Generated by a Flapping Rectangular Wing at Low Reynolds Number -- I. Introduction -- II. Previous Work -- III. Scope of Present Work -- IV. Experimental Setup -- V. Wing Motion -- VI. Velocity Data Planes -- VII. Velocity Field Data Analysis -- VIII. Force Measurements -- IX. Results and Discussion -- X. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16 Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flapping Wing Propulsion for Micro Air Vehicles -- I. Introduction -- II. General Kinematics -- III. Plunging Airfoils -- IV. Pitching Airfoils -- V. Pitching and Plunging Airfoils -- VI. Airfoil Combinations -- VII. Summary and Prospective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wings at Low Reynolds Number -- I. Introduction -- II. Unsteady Wing Theory -- III. Experimental Aerodynamics -- IV. Geometrical Consideration of Blade Element Theory -- V. Forces and Moments Acting on Beating Wings -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18 A Nonlinear Aeroelastic Model for the Study of Flapping Wing Flight -- I. Introduction -- II. Structural Analysis -- III. Aerodynamic and Inertial Forces and Moments -- IV. Damping -- V. Results and Discussion -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 19 Euler Solutions for a Finite-Span Flapping Wing.

I. Introduction -- II. Numerical Method -- III. Investigations for Two-Dimensional Flow -- IV. Investigations for Three-Dimensional Flow -- V. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 20 From Soaring and Flapping Bird Flight to Innovative Wing and Propeller Constructions -- I. Introduction -- II. Bionic Airfoil Construction -- III. Bionic Propeller -- IV. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 21 Passive Aeroelastic Tailoring for Optimal Flapping Wings -- I. Introduction -- II. Experimental Setup -- III. Results -- IV. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 22 Shape Memory Alloy Actuators as Locomotor Muscles -- I. Introduction -- II. Brief Overview of SMA Actuators -- III. Thermomechanical Transformation Fatigue of SMA Actuators -- IV. Adaptive Control of SMA Actuator Wires -- V. Energy Considerations for SMA Actuators -- VI. SMA Actuators as Locomotor Muscles for a Biomimetic Hydrofoil -- VII. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part III. Micro Air Vehicle Applications -- Chapter 23 Mesoscale Flight and Miniature Rotorcraft Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Approach -- III. Testing -- IV. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 24 Development of the Black Widow Micro Air Vehicle -- I. Introduction -- II. Early Prototypes -- III. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization -- IV. Energy Storage -- V. Motors -- VI. Micropropeller Design -- VII. Airframe Structural Design -- VIII. Avionics -- IX. Video Camera Payload -- X. Stability and Control -- XI. Performance -- XII. Ground Control Unit -- XIII. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 25 Computation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Micro Air Vehicle -- I. Introduction -- II. The Incompressible Flow Solver -- III. Description of the Micro Air Vehicle Model -- IV. Discussion of Results.

V. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 26 Optic Flow Sensors for MAV Navigation -- I. Introduction -- II. Optic Flow -- III. Description of the Optic Flow Sensor -- IV. Use of Optic Flow for Navigation -- V. Initial In-Flight Experiments -- VI. Next-Generation Sensors -- VII. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.