On the Take : Criminalizing Illicit Enrichment to Fight Corruption.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Introduction: Purpose of the Study -- Methodology -- How to Use This Study -- 1. The Basis of Illicit Enrichment -- 1.1 The Rationale for Criminalizing Illegal Enrichment -- 1.2 The Prosecution of Illicit Enrichment -- 1.3 Origins and Development of the Offense -- 2. Defining Illicit Enrichment -- 2.1 International and Domestic Definitions -- 2.2 Elements of the Offense -- 2.2.1 Persons of Interest -- 2.2.2 Period of Interest or Period of Check -- 2.2.3 Significant Increase in Assets -- 2.2.4 Intent -- 2.2.5 Absence of Justification -- 2.3 Observations -- 3. Human Rights and Constitutional Aspects -- 3.1 The Main Principles at Stake -- 3.1.1 Presumption of Innocence -- 3.1.2 Protection against Self-Incrimination -- 3.1.3 The Principle of Legality -- 3.2 Legal Presumptions Contained in Offenses Other Than Illicit Enrichment -- 3.3 Protection of the Rights of the Accused in Illicit Enrichment Proceedings -- 3.4 Observations -- 4. Operational Aspects -- 4.1 Triggering Investigations on Illicit Enrichment -- 4.1.1 Income and Asset Disclosures -- 4.1.2 Lifestyle Checks and Complaints -- 4.1.3 Suspicious Transaction Reports -- 4.1.4 Other Investigations -- 4.2 Strengthening Investigations on Illicit Enrichment -- 4.2.1 Domestic Coordination -- 4.2.2 Building a Financial Profile -- 4.2.3 Tools and Skills to Facilitate Investigations -- 4.3 Process and Interaction with the Public Official during the Investigation -- 4.3.1 Stages of the Procedure -- 4.4 Enforcing Illicit Enrichment: The Challenges -- 4.4.1 Access to Registries and Relevant Databases -- 4.4.2 Cash Economies and Valuation of Properties -- 4.4.3 The Use of Third Parties -- 4.4.4 Original Solutions to Overcome Challenges -- 4.5 Assessing the Effectiveness of an Illicit Enrichment Regime.

4.5.1 Penalties and Forfeiture -- 4.5.2 Performance -- 4.6 Observations -- 5. International Cooperation -- 5.1 Addressing Dual Criminality -- 5.2 Meeting Evidentiary and Due Process Standards -- 5.3 Legal Cooperation Regime -- 5.4 Observations -- Appendix A Illicit Enrichment Provisions -- Appendix B Jurisdictions with Illicit Enrichment Provisions and Rankings for Rule of Law, Control of Corruption, and GDP per Capita, 2009 -- Appendix C The Illicit Enrichment Questionnaire -- Background Information -- Legal Framework -- Application Data -- International Cooperation -- Asset Recovery -- Challenges -- Bibliography -- Boxes -- 1.1 The State v. Mzumar: Malawi -- 3.1 Administrative Forfeiture in Switzerland -- 4.1 Related Offenses -- 4.2 The Benamis in India -- 4.3 The Alsogaray Case in Argentina -- 5.1 U.S. and International Cooperation on Illicit Enrichment -- Figures -- 2.1 General Sequence of Events in an Illicit Enrichment Case -- 4.1 Triggers of Illicit Enrichment Investigations in India -- Tables -- 2.1 Definitions of Illicit Enrichment in International Conventions -- 2.2 Definitions of Illicit Enrichment in National Legislation -- 4.1 Investigation, Prosecution, and Conviction of Illicit Enrichment and Other Corruption Offenses in Argentina, 2000-09 -- 4.2 Status of Illicit Enrichment Cases in Pakistan, 1999-2011.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.