Wood : Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions.

Intro -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and Ultrastructure -- 2.1. Anatomical Aspects -- 2.2. Ultrastructure of the Cell Wall -- 2.3. Reaction Tissues -- 2.4. Functional Elements of the Conducting System -- 3. Chemical Composition and Analysis of Wood -- 3.1. Survey of the Chemical Components -- 3.2. Analysis of Wood -- 3.3. Data of Wood Analyses -- 4. Cellulose -- 4.1. Occurrence -- 4.2. Molecular Properties -- 4.3. Supramolecular Structures -- 5. Polyoses (Hemicelluloses) -- 5.1. Nature and Classification -- 5.2. Xylans -- 5.3. Mannans -- 5.4. Glucans -- 5.5. Galactans -- 5.6. Pectins -- 6. Lignin -- 6.1. Significance and Occurrence -- 6.2. Lignification of the Cell Wall -- 6.3. Structure and Constitution of Lignin -- 6.4. Characterization and Properties of Lignins and Lignin Derivatives -- 6.5. Lignin-Polysaccharide Complexes -- 7. Extractives -- 7.1. Importance -- 7.2. Extractives of Softwood -- 7.3. Extractives of Hardwood -- 7.4. Extractives from Foliage, Buds and Fruits -- 7.5. Inorganic Components -- 7.6. pH Values -- 8. Distribution of the Components within the Wood Cell Wall -- 8.1. Estimation and Calculation -- 8.2. Determination of the Lignin Distribution -- 8.3. Determination of the Polysaccharide Distribution -- 8.4. Models of the Internal Cell Wall Structure -- 9. Constituents of Bark -- 9.1. Anatomical Features -- 9.2. Chemical Composition -- 10. Reactions in Acidic Medium -- 10.1. General Aspects of Wood Reactions -- 10.2. Reactions of Polysaccharides -- 10.3. Reactions of Lignin -- 11. Reactions in Alkaline Medium -- 11.1. Reactions of Polysaccharides -- 11.2. Reactions of Lignin -- 12. Influence of Temperature -- 12.1. General Effects -- 12.2. Thermal Reactions -- 12.3. Structural Changes -- 12.4. Changes of the Chemical Components -- 12.5. Carbonization and Gasification -- 13. Degradation by Light and Ionizing Rays.

13.1. Changes Initiated by Light -- 13.2. Changes Initiated by Ionizing Rays -- 14. Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation -- 14.1. Importance of Enzymatic Reactions -- 14.2. Wood-Destroying Organisms -- 14.3. Characterization of Enzymes -- 14.4. Decay by Brown-rot Fungi and Action of Glycanhydrolases -- 14.5. Decay by White-rot Fungi and Action of Ligninolytic Enzymes -- 14.6. Decay by Soft-rot Fungi -- 14.7. Effects of Blue-stain Fungi -- 14.8. Bacterial Attack -- 15. Aging and Fossilization -- 15.1. Kinds of Conversion -- 15.2. Structural Studies -- 15.3. Chemical Investigations -- 16. Pulping Processes -- 16.1. Introductory Survey -- 16.2. Mechanical Pulping -- 16.3. Semichemical Pulping -- 16.4. Alkaline Chemical Pulping -- 16.5. Sulfite Chemical Pulping -- 16.6. Unconventional Pulping -- 16.7. Bleaching of Pulps -- 17. Derivatives of Cellulose -- 17.1. The Various Kinds of Cellulose Derivatives -- 17.2. Cellulosates and Alkali-Celluloses -- 17.3. Cellulose Esters -- 17.4. Cellulose Ethers -- 17.5. Graft Copolymers of Cellulose -- 18. Utilization of Wood and Wood Components for Chemicals and Energy -- 18.1. Introductory Remarks -- 18.2. Thermal Degradation -- 18.3. Wood Saccharification -- 18.4. Chemical Products from Cellulose -- 18.5. Utilization of Polyoses -- 18.6. Utilization of Technical Lignins -- 18.7. Utilization of Extractives -- Subject Index -- Species Index (Wood, Plants) -- Species Index (Bacteria, Fungi).

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.