Wood : Types, Properties, and Uses.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Hydrothermal Treatment and Modification of Wood: Drying, Impregnation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Drying and Heat Treatment of Wood: The Traditional and Non-Traditional Methods -- 1.1. Drying Methods -- 1.2. Experimental Study of High-Temperature Thermal-Mechanical Drying by Depressurization Method -- 1.3. High-Temperature Vacuum-Convective Drying of Wood -- 2. Modification of Wood by Impregnation -- 2.1. Impregnation Methods -- Selection of Impregnating Liquid -- 2.2. Modelling and Experiment on the Liquid Solution Impregnation -- of Wood -- 2.2.1. Experimental Setup and Study of Wood Impregnation -- 2.2.2. Water Polymer Emulsion Impregnation -- 2.2.3. Variable Pressure Impregnation of Wood -- 2.2.4. Impregnation with Oils and Other Liquids whose Viscosity Depends on Temperature -- Conclusion -- Notation -- References -- The Deep Decomposition of Wood: Light Products of Electron-Beam Fragmentation -- Annotation -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Distillation of Various Wood -- Low-Temperature Destruction of Cellulose at Moderate Dose Rates -- Electron-Beam Distillation of Cellulose -- The Mechanism of Cellulose Destruction Via Electron-Beam Distillation -- Electron-Beam Distillation of Lignin and Binary Mixtures -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Biomass for Domestic and Agro Industrial Applications -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Biomass Classification -- 2.2. Biomass of properties -- 2.3. Energy Potential -- 3. Biomass Conversion -- 3.1. Direct Combustion of Biomass -- 3.2. Thermo Chemical Conversion -- 3.2.1. Gasification -- 3.2.2. Gasification Process -- 3.2.3. Pyrolysis -- 3.3. Bio Chemical Conversion -- 3.3.1. Fermentation -- 3.3.2. Digestion -- 4. Biomass-Based Technologyat Domestic Level -- 4.1. Wood Gas Stove.

4.1.1. Design of Wood Gas Stove: -- 4.1.2. Fuels for Testing -- 4.1.3. Stove performance -- 4.1.4. Safety during Operation -- 4.2. Improved Cookstove -- 4.2.1 Single Pot ImprovedCookstove (Chetak) -- 4.2.2. Double Pot Cookstove(Udairaj) -- 4.2.3 Performance of improved cookstove -- 5. Biomass-Based Technology At Industrial Level -- 5.1. Updraft Gasifier -- 5.1.1. System Description -- 5.1.2. Performance of Updraft Gasifier -- 5.2. Downdraft Gasifier -- 5.2.1 Experimental Study -- 5.2.2. System Performance -- 5.2.3. Economics of Gasifier -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Aboveground Wood Biomass and Nutrients in Brazilian Woody Species and Eucalyptus Plantations -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Determination of Biomass and Nutrient Quantification -- Evaluation of Root Colonization by Fungi -- Aboveground Biomass and Nutrients in Eucalyptus -- Colonization of Eucalyptus Roots by Fungi -- Aboveground Biomass and Nutrients in Native -- Woody Species -- Colonization of Native Tree Roots by Fungi -- Benefits and Problems Encountered in the Study -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Fungal Decomposition of Beech Coarse Woody Debris in a Temperate Forest Ecosystem -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Study Site and CWD Materials -- 3. Dynamics of Wood Chemical Properties during Beech CWD Decomposition -- 4. Fungal Succession during Beech Cwd Decomposition -- 4.1. Succession of Macrofungi -- 4.2. Succession of Microfungi -- 5. Relationships between Wood Decomposition -- and Fungal Succession -- 6. Implications for Soil Humus Accumulation -- Conclusion -- References -- Effective Rainfall Seasons for Early -- and Late Wood Formation of Chinese Pine -- and Black Locust in the Loess Plateau, China -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Stable-Carbon-Isotope Ratio of C3Plants -- Materials and Methods -- Study Site -- Plant Materials.

Measurement of Tree-Ring Width -- Determination of (13C -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Fossil Wood: A Key to the Past -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Fossilization of Woods -- Radio Carbon Dating -- Some Case Studies -- Petrified Forests -- Wood Anatomy -- Limitations of the Study Based -- on Fossilised Woods -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Plastic Moldable Pine Fiber by Benzylation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Spectroscopy -- Thermal Analysis and Mechanical Properties -- Microscopy -- Results and Discussion -- Weight Gain Analysis -- FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis -- NMR Spectroscopic Analysis -- Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) -- Mechanical Properties -- Morphology -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- High Strength Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) Resin Impregnated Wood: Fundamental Analysis and Future Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Compressive Deformation of PF Resin Impregnated Wood -- Pre Treatment Effect on the Compressive Deformation of Resin Impregnated Wood -- Removal of Matrix Substances Pre-Treatment Through Naclo2 Treatment and Combination of Naclo2and Naoh Treatment -- Steam Pretreatment -- Future Potential Applications -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Crystallization and Melting Behaviour -- of Polypropylene / Wood Flour Composites -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Dynamic Crystallization -- Cristallinity and Polymorphism -- Isothermal Crystallization -- Transcristallinity -- Temperature Coefficient -- Conclusions -- References -- Index -- Blank Page -- Blank Page.

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