Biometrics : Privacy, Progress and Government.

Intro -- BIOMETRICS, PRIVACY, PROGRESS AND GOVERNMENT -- BIOMETRICS, PRIVACY, PROGRESS AND GOVERNMENT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 DEFENSE MANAGEMENT - DOD CAN ESTABLISH MORE GUIDANCE FOR BIOMETRICS COLLECTION AND EXPLORE BROADER DATA SHARING -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- Governmentwide Policies Regarding Biometrics Data Are Evolving -- DOD Collection, Matching, and Sharing of Biometrics Data -- DOD HAS ISSUED LIMITED GUIDANCE FOR COLLECTING BIOMETRICS DATA -- DOD SHARES DATA ON NON-U.S. PERSONS THROUGH INTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS, BUT SOME GAPS IN DATA MAY REMAIN -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY -- Scope -- Methodology -- APPENDIX II. COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 BIOMETRICS IN GOVERNMENT POST-9/11: ADVANCING SCIENCE, ENHANCING OPERATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- Initial Reactions -- General Timeline of Federal Government Biometric Activities -- ADVANCING THE SCIENCE OF BIOMETRICS -- 1. Research, Development, Test &amp -- Evaluation (RDT&amp -- E) -- a. Face Recognition -- b. Fingerprint Identification and Verification -- Slap Fingerprint -- Segmentation -- c. Iris Recognition -- d. Multimodal Biometric Identification -- e. Biometric Quality -- f. Biometrics Usability -- 2. Development of Biometric Standards -- OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES -- 1. Department of Defense (DoD) (Law Enforcement/Intelligence/Access Control) -- a. History of DoD Biometrics-Formalizing, Centralizing, Funding, Access Control -- b. DoD Biometrics Post 9/11-Identifying Terrorists, Storing, Analyzing Biometric Data -- c. Today's DoD Biometrics Structure-Operating and Synchronizing Technologies and Capabilities -- 2. Department of Homeland Security.

a. US-VISIT (Immigration and Border Management/Law Enforcement/ Intelligence) -- Challenge -- Solution -- Program overview -- Privacy policy -- Authorizing Legislation and Funding -- b. Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) (Access Control) -- Challenge -- Solution -- Program overview -- Privacy policy -- Authorizing legislation -- c. Global Entry (Immigration and Border Management) -- Challenge -- Solution -- Privacy policy -- Authorizing legislation -- 3. Department of Justice (Law Enforcement and Intelligence) -- Challenge -- Solution -- Program overview -- The next generation identification (NGI) program -- Advanced fingerprint identification technology -- Evaluating the Effectiveness of Multimodal Biometrics -- The Biometric Center of Excellence -- Interim Data sharing Model (idsm) -- Immigration violator file -- Privacy policy -- Summary -- 4. Department of State (Immigration and Border Management and Intelligence) -- a. Biometric Visa Program -- b. Border Crossing Card Program -- c. BioVisa and US-VISIT as Partner Programs -- d. Biometric Identity Verification at Ports of Entry -- e. Issued Visa Records Viewed at Ports of Entry -- f. DOS Facial Recognition System Screens Photos of Visa Applicants -- g. BioVisa Program Transition from Two to Ten Fingerprints -- h. Ten Prints Screened Against KST Latents in IDENT -- i. BioVisa 10 Prints Advance IDENT-IAFIS Interoperability -- j. 10 Print Screening Against IAFIS -- k. BioVisa Program Essential for Border Security -- 5. Personal Identity Verification Credential (access control) -- ADVANCING AND UTILIZING PRIVACY THEORY -- 1. Building a Conceptual Foundation -- 2. Privacy Impact Assessments -- 3. Privacy Technology Implementation Guide -- 4. International Privacy Workshops -- COMMUNICATIONS -- 1. Communications Group -- 2. Biometric Consortium Conference -- 3. Foundation Documents.

4. Web sites -- 5. International Meeting of Biometrics Experts -- GOVERNMENT-WIDE COORDINATION, STRATEGIES AND POLICIES -- 1. Coordination -- 2. Strategies -- a. The National Strategy for Maritime Security, September 2005, Executive Office of the President -- b. National Infrastructure Protection Plan, January 2006, DHS -- c. National Strategy for Information Sharing, October 2007, Executive Office of the President -- d. National Strategy for Homeland Security, October 2007, Executive Office of the President, Homeland Security Council -- 3. Policies -- a. Budget Guidance Memorandum -- b. Presidential Directives -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX A. EXPANDED RDT&amp -- E DISCUSSION -- a. HumanID -- b. Face -- i. Face Recognition Vendor Tests -- ii. Face Recognition Grand Challenge -- c. Finger -- iii. FpVTE -- iv. Proprietary Fingerprint Template (PFT) testing -- v. Slap fingerprint segmentation evaluation -- vi. Fast fingerprint slap capture -- vii. Fast rolled-equivalent fingerprint capture -- viii. Latent fingerprint testing -- ix. Fingerprint minutiae interoperability testing -- Minex 04 -- Ongoing MINEX -- Minex II -- d. Iris -- Ice -- e. Biometric Quality -- Standards -- Tools -- Guidance -- Workshops -- f. Multimodal -- i. MBGC -- ii. MBARK -- g. CITeR -- h. Biometrics Usability -- i. Standards -- APPENDIX B. ABOUT THE NSTC SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 THE NATIONAL BIOMETRICS CHALLENGE -- ABOUT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL -- ABOUT THIS REPORT -- EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW -- THE NATIONAL BIOMETRICS CHALLENGE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Why Biometrics -- 3. The Primary Driving Forces -- 3.1. National Security -- 3.1.1. Mission -- 3.1.2. Needs -- 3.1.3. Applications -- 3.2. Homeland Security and Law Enforcement -- 3.2.1. Mission -- 3.2.2. Needs -- 3.2.3. Applications.

3.3. Enterprise and E-Government (Electronic Government) Services -- 3.3.1. Mission -- 3.3.2. Needs -- 3.3.3. Applications -- 3.4. Personal Information and Business Transactions -- 3.4.1. Mission -- 3.4.2. Needs -- 3.4.3. Applications -- 4. Communications and Privacy -- 5. BIOMETRICS CHALLENGES, RESEARCH FOCUS AND BENEFIT -- 5.1. Biometrics Sensors -- 5.2. Biometrics Systems -- 5.3. Biometrics Systems Interoperability -- 5.4. Communications and Privacy -- 6. The Federal Government's Role in Biometrics Advancement -- 7. Summary -- ABOUT THE NSTC SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS -- SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS -- Department Leads -- Biometrics Research Agenda Interagency Coordination Plan (ICP) Team -- SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 PRIVACY &amp -- BIOMETRICS: BUILDING A CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATION -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. BIOMETRICS -- A. Biometrics Overview -- B. Terminology -- 1. Enrollment -- 2. Biometric Template -- 3. Recognition -- 4. Verification -- 5. Identification -- 6. Verification Et Identification -- C. Biometric Modalities -- 1. Fingerprint Recognition -- 2. Face Recognition -- 3. Iris Recognition -- 4. Hand/Finger Geometry -- 5. Other Biometric Identification Systems -- a) Speaker recognition -- b) Dynamic Signature -- c) Vascular Pattern Recognition -- 6. Summary -- D. Functional Architecture -- III. PRIVACY -- A. Introduction -- B. Concepts of Privacy -- C. Sources of Information Privacy -- 1. The Article: "The Right to Privacy -- 2. The US Constitution -- 3. Individual Privacy Claims -- 4. US State Privacy Laws -- 5. International Privacy Frameworks -- 6. Summary -- D. Information Privacy -- 1. Personal Information -- 2. Appropriate Use -- 3. Special Categories -- 4. Summary -- E. Functional Architecture -- 1. Current Status -- 2. Data (Personal Information) -- 3. Purpose &amp -- Success -- 4. Function (Use) -- 5. Technology.

6. Audit, Control &amp -- Access -- 7. Documentation -- IV. APPLICATION OF PRIVACY TO BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY -- A. Collection -- 1. Documentation -- 2. Purpose &amp -- Success -- 3. Data (Personal Information) -- 4. Technology -- 5. Audit, Control &amp -- Access -- B. Conversion -- C. Storage -- D. Comparison -- E. Decision -- V. THE VALUE OF PRIVACY PROTECTIVE BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS -- A. Public Concerns -- B. Privacy Protective Biometric System Design -- VI. ABOUT THE NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL -- VII. ABOUT THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON BIOMETRICS -- A. Subcommittee on Biometrics -- B. Department Leads -- C. Social/Legal/Privacy ICP Team -- VIII. SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- End Notes -- CHAPTER SOURCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

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