Steps to Manage Voting System Environments.

Intro -- STEPS TO MANAGE VOTING SYSTEMENVIRONMENTS -- STEPS TO MANAGE VOTING SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ELECTIONS: STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THEDISTRICT ARE TAKING A RANGE OF IMPORTANTSTEPS TO MANAGE THEIR VARIED VOTINGSYSTEM ENVIRONMENTS∗ -- ABBREVIATIONS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- Multiple Voting Methods and Systems Continue to Be Used in Elections, withthe Mix Being Heavily Influenced by the Roles States, Territories, and theDistrict Play in Selecting Systems -- Approval of Voting Systems Is Governed by Largely Similar Approaches andGenerally Affected by the Same Challenges -- A Range of Tests Were Required and Performed after Voting SystemApproval, and the Scope and Approach to Performing Them Varied -- Nature and Extent of Reported Voting System Problems Were Not Viewed asSignificant, Although Related Challenges Suggest Complete InformationMay Not Be Available -- Federal Voting System Services and Resources Generally Are ViewedFavorably -- BACKGROUND -- THE OVERALL U.S. ELECTION SYSTEM RELIES ON ALL LEVELS OFGOVERNMENT AND THE INTERPLAY OF PEOPLE, PROCESSES, ANDTECHNOLOGY -- Election Authority and Responsibility Spans All Levels of Government -- Election Administration Is a Multi-Step Process -- HAVAWAS ENACTED TO STRENGTHEN THE OVERALLU.S. ELECTION PROCESS -- MANAGEMENT OF VOTING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE IS ACONTINUOUS PROCESS -- GAO HAS PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED VOTING SYSTEM RELATEDISSUES AND CHALLENGES -- STATES', TERRITORIES', AND THE DISTRICT'S VOTINGENVIRONMENTS LARGELY CONSIST OF MULTIPLE METHODS ANDSYSTEMS, AND HAVE BEEN INFLUENCED BY VARIOUS FACTORS -- States, Territories, and the District to Rely Largely on Several VotingMethods and Systems for the 2008 Election -- STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THE DISTRICT HAVE LARGELY DEFINEDSIMILAR APPROACHES AND FACE COMMON CHALLENGES INAPPROVING VOTING SYSTEMS.

Most States, Territories, and the District Approve Voting Systems, but FewerProvide for Approvals to Be Qualified, Reapproved, or Revoked -- System Approval Processes Are Largely in Place and Governed byRequirements, but Specific Requirements and Approval Activities Vary -- Qualified Approval Is Permitted in Many States, but Conditions Vary -- Reapproval Is Largely Required, but Circumstances Vary -- Prior Approval Generally Can Be Revoked, but Specific Requirements Vary -- STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THE DISTRICT GENERALLY HAVEDEFINED SIMILAR APPROACHES, BUT SPECIFIC APPROVAL ANDREVOCATION ACTIVITIES AND STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED VARY -- Basic Steps Governing Approval of Voting Systems Are Largely Similar -- Activities for Revoking Prior System Approval Generally Are Similar -- STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THE DISTRICT INVOLVE VARYINGSTAKEHOLDERS IN THEIR APPROVAL PROCESSES -- STATES AND OTHERS LARGELY REPORTED FACING SIMILARCHALLENGES IN APPROVING SYSTEMS -- System Management Challenges -- Resource Availability Challenges -- Stakeholder Coordination Challenges -- STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THE DISTRICT REQUIRED ANDCONDUCTED A RANGE OF TESTS AFTER SYSTEM APPROVAL ANDFACED A VARIETY OF TESTING CHALLENGES -- Most States, Territories, and the District Required and PerformedPostapproval Testing, but Approaches Varied -- Acceptance Testing -- Readiness Testing -- Election Day Parallel Testing -- Postelection Audits -- STATES, ONE TERRITORY, AND THE DISTRICT FACE VARIOUSTESTING CHALLENGES AND HAVE ADOPTED APPROACHES TOADDRESS THEM -- Resource-Related Challenges -- Timely and Thorough Execution of Testing -- Utilizing Information from Stakeholders -- Changing Voting System Testing Environment -- STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THE DISTRICT GENERALLY REPORTEDMINOR VOTING SYSTEM PROBLEMS, DIVERSE RESPONSES, ANDCHALLENGES IN ADDRESSING THEM.

Types and Prevalence of Voting System Problems Varied among States andOthers for the 2006 General Election -- STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THE DISTRICT LARGELY RELIED ONOTHERS TO REPORT, EVALUATE, AND CORRECT ELECTION DAYVOTING SYSTEM PROBLEMS THROUGH A VARIETY OF APPROACHES -- States and Territories Employed a Variety of Problem-ReportingRequirements, Policies, and Procedures -- LOCAL JURISDICTIONS, VOTERS, AND VOTING SYSTEM VENDORSWERE THE MOST COMMON SOURCES FOR REPORTS OF VOTINGSYSTEM PROBLEMS -- Evaluation and Correction of Voting System Problems Was PrimarilyConducted by Either Local Jurisdictions or State -- STATES AND THE DISTRICT REPORTED MANY CHALLENGES INADDRESSING VOTING SYSTEM PROBLEMS, AS WELL ASAPPROACHES TO OVERCOMING THEM -- A Number of States and the District Experienced a Range of Challenges inAssessing and Correcting Voting System Proble -- STATES, TERRITORIES, AND THE DISTRICT ARE LARGELY SATISFIEDWITH FEDERAL VOTING SYSTEM RESOURCES AND SERVICES, BUTTHEIR USE VARIES -- Most States and the District Rely on Some Component of FederalCertification, but Time to Obtain Certification Is Affecting Several States'2008 Election Preparations -- Satisfaction with Voluntary Voting System Guidelines Is Mixed -- Few States Are Using Voting System Testing Laboratories and These StatesHave Mixed Views -- STATES AND OTHERS USE FEDERAL GUIDANCE IN VARIOUS WAYSAND ARE GENERALLY SATISFIED -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- APPENDIX I:OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: GAO CONTACT AND STAFF ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- GLOSSARY -- RELATED GAO PRODUCTS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix I -- ELECTION REFORM:THE HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT AND ISSUES FORCONGRESS∗ -- ABSTRACT -- ELECTION REFORM:THE HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION -- PAYMENTS TO STATES -- HAVA 2004 REQUIREMENTS -- HAVA 2006 REQUIREMENTS.

MILITARY AND OVERSEAS VOTERS -- VOTING SYSTEM STANDARDS -- ABSENTEE BALLOTS -- EARLY VOTING -- INTERNET VOTING -- ELECTION PERSONNEL -- THE POLLING PLACE -- ELECTION SECURITY -- ELECTORAL COLLEGE -- REFERENCES -- ELECTIONS REFORM: OVERVIEW AND ISSUES -- ABSTRACT -- VOTING SYSTEMS AND ELECTION ADMINISTRATION -- FUNDING UNDER THE HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT -- STATE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HELP AMERICA VOTE ACT -- INDEX.

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