The Psychology of Risk.

Intro -- THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RISK -- PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH PROGRESS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION -- DEFINITION OF RISK -- THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 1. THE GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY OF RISK -- 1.1. Risk-taking and Decision Theory -- 1.2. Risk-taking and Decision Theory: The Evolutions of Paradigms -- 1.2.1. Framing -- 1.1.2. Dual Process Models -- The "Neurobiological Sensitivity to Reinforcements" Theory of Gray (1987) -- The "Cognitive / Experience Theory of Self" Epstein (1994, 1999) -- Fuzzy Trace Theory -- "Reversal Theory" -- 1.2.3. Models on Relations between Attitudes, Behavior and Decision Theory -- The Subjective Expected Utility Model (Edwards, on 1954) -- The Reasoned Action Theory (Fishbein et al., 1975) -- The Self Efficacy Concept (Bandura, 1986) -- The Planned Behavior Theory (Ajzen, 1991) -- The Articulation of Models: Relations between Subjective Utility and Self Efficacy -- Other Factors Contributing to Explain the Relations between Attitudes and Behaviors -- A Model Developed to Explain Risk Behaviors of Young People: The PrototypeWillingness Model (Gibbons et al., 2003 -- Gerrard et al., 2005) -- The Influence of Perceived Personal Vulnerability -- The Distinction between Willingness and Intention -- The Moderators of the Influence of the Prototype -- 1.2.4. Models Based on Notions of Stages or Sequences of BehaviorModification -- 1.2.5. Said "Integrative" Models -- 1.3. The Important Debates about Risk -- 1.3.1. What Is Safety? -- 1.3.2. The Application of Decision Theories in our Everyday Life: Risk Behaviors -- Dangerous Road Behaviors -- Other Types of Accidents (Domestic, Sports, Work) -- Practice of "Extreme" Sports -- Risky Sexual Behaviors -- Scarifications -- Pathological Gambling -- Running away -- Suicidal Behaviors.

Psychoactive Substances Use -- Do all Young People Take Risks? No! -- Who Continues to Take Risks after 25 Years?! And who does not Continue?! -- Can we Predict Risk-takings of Adults from Risk-takings of the Children that theyWere? -- By the Way, which Consequences of these Risk Behaviors on the Long Term?! -- 1.3.3. The Interactions between Risk Taking, Risk Perception and Risk Acceptance -- Risk Perception Biases -- Two other Fundamental Mechanisms of Risk Perception, Taking the Example ofRoad Risk -- Risk Acceptance -- Risk Compensation -- 1.3.4. Is Risk-Taking a General Factor? -- "Transversality" or Specificity of Behavior -- Sport: Health or Risk Behaviour? -- Transversality / Specificity of Risk and Personality -- Have Risk-takers in a Given Domain the Same Psychological Profile? -- The Particular Question of Traffic Behaviour -- The Influence of a Fatal Risk on Attitudes -- Preventive Stakes -- 1.3.5. Risk-taking, Emotions and Cognitions -- Works on the Role of Emotions in Decision-Making -- Works on Emotional Regulation and Impulsiveness -- Works on the Dysfunctions of Emotional Regulation -- Preventive Implications of these Works on Emotion -- 1.3.6. Risk-taking and Time -- Risk, Time Pressure and Stress -- Risk and Temporal Horizon -- Risk and Time Perspective -- 1.3.7. Risk-taking and Psychoactive Substances -- Alcohol -- Opiates -- 1.3.8. Risk-taking, the Individual and the Group -- 1.3.9. Decision Making for oneself, for others, and Prediction of the Decisions ofothers -- Risk for oneself and for others -- Knowledge of others' Gains and Risk-taking -- Risk Taking and Necessity of Justification -- 1.3.10. Risk-taking, Previous Experiences and Prevention Advices -- 2. THE DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF RISK -- 2.1. Evolution of Risk-taking with Age -- 2.1.1. Cognitive Development and Risk Taking -- Childhood Risk-taking.

Adolescent Risk-taking -- A Paradox between Risk Taking and Cognitive Development from Childhood toAdolescence -- Evolution with Age of Risk Perception -- Evolution in Old Age -- 2.1.2. Emotional Development and Risk Taking -- A Paradox between Risk-taking and Emotional Development from Childhood toAdolescence -- 2.1.3. The Question of Risk Utility -- The Risk "Catharsis" -- The Risk "Stimulation" -- The Risk "Autonomy" -- The Risk "Prestige" -- Ordeal and Ordeal Behaviors -- 2.1.4. Social Development and Risk Taking -- Jessor's Problem Behavior Model -- Arnett's "Wide and Narrow Socialization" Model -- Dodge's "Bio-psycho-social" Model -- 2.2. Gender Differences -- 2.3. Social Class Differences and Cultural Influences -- 2.4. Religiosity -- 2.5. Personality -- 2.5.1. Sensation Seeking and Activation ("Arousal") -- 2.5.2. Impulsiveness -- 2.5.3. "Type A" Behavior -- 2.5.5. Shyness -- 2.5.6. Self Esteem -- 2.5.7. Superstition -- 2.5.8. Extraversion -- 2.5.9. The Big Five Model -- 2.5.10. The HEXACO Model -- 2.5.11. The Locus of Control -- 2.5.12. Hyperactivity / Attention Deficit -- THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 1. NEUROCOGNITIVE BASES OF RISK TAKING -- 2. NEURO-AFFECTIVE BASES OF RISK-TAKING -- 3. PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF DEVELOPMENT ANDTHE NEUROSCIENCES ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT -- 3.1. The Evolutions of Oxytocin Levels during Puberty -- 3.2. The Decrease of Risk-taking after Adolescence -- 3.3. The Effects of Testosterone and Oestradiol -- 3.4. The Neuroendocrine Responses to Stress, Cortisol and Sensation-seeking -- 3.5. Psychobiological Rhythms and Sleep -- THE CONTEXTUAL PERSPECTIVE -- 1. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT -- 1.1. Biological Heritage -- 1.1.1. Molecular Genetics Works -- 1.1.2. Genotype/environment Interactions -- 1.1.3. Gene/gene Interactions -- 1.2. Mother/child Attachment and Affective Links -- 1.3. Family Structure.

1.3.1. The Question of Parental Discord and Separation -- 1.3.1.1. Divorce and Road Accidents -- 1.3.1.2. Divorce and Alcohol Use -- 1.3.1.3. Divorce and Illicit Drugs -- 1.3.2. Comparison between Reconstituted Families and Single-parent Homes -- 1.3.2.1. Parental Absence and the Use of Psychoactive Substances: «Latch-key Kids» -- 1.3.2.2. Conclusions of Studies of Divorce in Terms of Public Health Policy -- 1.3.3. Children of Homosexual Parents -- 1.3.4. Stressful Family Events -- 1.3.5. Sibling Ranking -- 1.3.6. Number of Brothers and Sisters -- 1.4. Behavior -- 1.4.1. The Example of Road Behavior -- Exposure to Parental Models -- 1.4.2. The Example of Addictive Behavior -- 1.5. Control -- A Particular Aspect of Road Behaviour Control: Parental Perception of Risks withregard to their Children… or how Risks Get Re-rerouted … . The Example of RoadRisk: How do we Get to School? -- 2. PEERS GROUP -- 2.1. Peers' Pressures and Influences -- 2.2. The Selection Phenomenon -- 2.3. Peer Influence and Rejection -- Peer Influence and Identification -- 2.4. The Issue of Popularity -- 3. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PARENTS AND PEERS -- 4. SYSTEMIC TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN PARENTS, PEERS,NEIGHBORHOOD, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY -- 5. MEDIA INFLUENCES -- 5.1. "Traditional" Media -- 5.2. "Modern" Media and Multimedia -- 5.2.1. Video Games -- 5.2.2. Television -- 5.2.3. Internet -- 6. ETHNOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES -- 6.1. Risk Behaviors at Adolescence -- Is there a Universal AnthropologicalStructure? -- 6.2. Are Present-day Adolescent Risk Behaviors the Equivalent of Rites ofPassage in Traditional Societies, which have Progressively Disappeared? -- 6.3. Does Risk-taking Have a Function in the Adaptation of the Species? -- 7. SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACHES -- CONCLUSION -- THE DUAL NATURE OF THOUGHT… INTELLECT AND DESIRE….

DECISION-MAKING AND RISK-TAKING. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RISKAND THE INTEGRATION OF PERSPECTIVES:WHEN WILL WE REACH A SYNTHESIS?! -- OF NUMBERS AND MEN … -- THE BIOLOGICAL AND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL -- RISK AND PERSONALITY -- THE SOCIAL NATURE OF RISK -- RISK AND YOUNG PEOPLE -- THE NECESSITY FOR EDUCATION ON RISK AND DECISION-MAKING -- THE NECESSITY FOR EARLY INTERVENTION -- RISK AND PROTECTION -- RISK AND ADAPTATION -- RISK AND TIME -- RISK AND PLEASURE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.