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Spasticity and its Management with Physical Therapy Applications.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextSeries: Neurodegenerative Diseases - Laboratory and Clinical ResearchPublisher: Hauppauge : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2010Copyright date: ©2010Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (204 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781611225686
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Spasticity and its Management with Physical Therapy ApplicationsDDC classification:
  • 616.89/13
LOC classification:
  • RC935.S64 -- S625 2010eb
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- SPASTICITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH PHYSICAL THERAPY APPLICATIONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS -- SPASTICITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH PHYSICAL THERAPY APPLICATIONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION -- References -- Chapter 2 OVERVIEW OF MS -- 2.1. Abstract -- 2.2. Introduction -- 2.3. MS And PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- 2.4. TYPES of MS -- 2.4.2. Progressive MS -- Primary progressive MS (PPMS) -- Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS -- Progressive Relapsing MS (PRMS) -- 2.5. Symptoms of MS -- 2.5.1. Weakness -- 2.5.2. Ataxia and Balance Deficits -- Sensory Ataxia -- Vestibular Ataxia -- Cerebellar Ataxia -- 2.5.3. Fatigue -- 2.5.4. Bladder and Bowel Dysfunctions -- 2.6. DIAGNOSIS for MS -- 2.7. Medical Treatment Strategies and their Effects on Physical Therapy Applications -- 2.8. Conclusion -- 2.9. References -- Appendix 1 -- Functional Systems -- The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) -- Chapter 3 SPASTICITY -- 3.1. Abstract -- 3.2. Introduction -- 3.3. Neurophysiology of Spinal Reflexes -- 3.4. Spinal Mechanism of Spasticity -- 3.4.1. Changes in Motor-Neuron Inhibition -- Alteration of Reciprocal Ia Inhibition -- Alteration of Recurrent Inhibition -- Alteration of Autogenic Inhibition -- Fusimotor Activity -- Alteration of Cellular Levels -- Others -- 3.5. Supraspinal Mechanism of Spasticity -- 3.6. Other Characteristics of Spasticity -- 3.6.1. Clasp Knife Phenomenon -- 3.6.2. Flexor Spasms -- 3.6.3. Associated Reactions -- 3.7. Conclusion -- 3.8. References -- Chapter 4 MS AND SPASTICITY -- 4.1. Abstract -- 4.2. Introduction -- 4.3. Characteristics and Adverse Effects of Spastisity in MS Patients -- 4.4. Factors Aggravating the Severity of Spasticity -- 4.5. Conclusion -- 4.6. References -- Chapter 5 POSTURE AND BODY MECHANICS -- 5.1. Abstract -- 5.2. Introduction.
5.3. Body Segments and their Movements -- 5.3.1. Gravitational Factors and Their Effects on Posture -- 5.3.2. The Effects of Bad Posture on Body Tissues and Nervous System -- 5.4. Methods of Postural Management -- 5.5. Altrenative Therapy Techniques to Re-Educate Posture -- 5.5.1. The Alexander Technique -- 5.5.2. The Feldenkrais Method -- Awareness through Movement -- Functional Integration -- 5.5.3. Pilates -- 5.6. Conclusion -- 5.7. References -- Chapter 6 NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF FACILITATION AND INHIBITION TECHNIQUES -- 6.1. Abstract -- 6.2. Introduction -- 6.3. Proprioceptive System and Proper Stimulus -- Proper Facilitation Alternatives -- Proper Facilitation Alternatives -- Proper Facilitation Alternatives -- 6.4. Cutaneous System and Proper Stimulus -- 6.5. Types of Muscle Fiber and Physiological Features -- 6.5.1. Treatment Principles According to Muscle Types -- TONIC (POSTURAL) MUSCLES -- Clinical signs of weakness: -- PHASIC (MOVEMENT) MUSCLES -- Principles of treatment of weak muscles: -- 6.6. Conclusion -- 6.7. References -- Chapter 7 EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT AND MEASUREMENT OF SPASTICITY -- 7.1. Abstract -- 7.2. Introducton -- 7.3. Examination of a Spastic Patient -- 7.4. Primary Techniques -- 7.4.1. Clinical Scales -- Ashworth and Modified Ashworth Scale -- Tardieu Scale -- Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale -- Numeric Rating Scale -- Spasm Frequency Scale-Penn Spasm Scale -- 7.4.2. Biomechanical Measurements -- Pendulum Test -- Isokinetic Dynamometer -- 7.4.3. Neurophysiological Measurements -- Hoffmann Reflex -- H/M Ratio -- F Response - F/M Ratio -- 7.5. Secondary Measurements -- 7.6. Conclusion -- 7.7. References -- Appendicies -- APPENDIX 1 -- Ashworth Scale -- APPENDIX 2 -- Modified Ashworth Scale -- APPENDIX 3 -- Tardieu Scale -- APPENDIX 4 -- Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale (MSSS-88) -- Section 1: -- Section :2.
Section 3: -- Section 4: -- Section 5: -- Section 6: -- Section 7: -- Section 8: -- APPENDIX 5 -- Numeric Rating Scale -- APPENDIX 6 -- Spasm Frequency Scale -- APPENDIX 7 -- Penn Spasm Frequency Scale -- APPENDIX 8 -- Hacettepe University Department of Physical Therapy, Neurological Rehabilitation Unit : Spastic Patient Assessment Form -- Numeric Rating Scale -- Goniometric Measurement -- Posture Analyses -- Observational Gait Analyses -- Pathological Reflex Assessment -- Muscle Strength Test -- Total Point of Questionares -- Superficial Sensory Assessment -- Chapter 8 PHYSIOTHERAPY APPLICATIONS -- 8.1. Abstract -- 8.2 Introducton -- 8.2.1. Beginning and Early Phase (1 to 5.5 EDSS) -- 8.2.2. Middle phase (6 to 7 EDSS) -- 8.2.3. Advanced Phase (7.5 to 9.5 EDSS) -- 8.3. Direct/Local Approaches -- 8.3.1. Cold Application -- Prolonged Cold Application -- Short-Term Cold Application -- 8.3.2. Passive Exercises -- 8.3.3. Stretching -- Slow And Prolonged Stretching -- Quick Stretching -- 8.3.4. Neural Mobilization -- 8.3.5. Orthotic Devices -- Lower Extremity Orthoses -- AFOs Made of Leather and Metal -- Polypropylen AFO -- Long Leg Orthosis (Knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO)) -- Upper Extremity Splints -- 8.3.6 Positioning -- 8.3.7. Manual Therapy -- Approximation -- Inhibitory Pressure -- Stretch Pressure and Stretch Release -- Slow Stroking -- Soft Tissue Mobilization -- Joint Mobilisation -- 8.3.8. Vibration -- 8.3.9. Electrical Stimulation -- 8.3.10. Biofeedback -- 8.3.11. Kinesiotape Application -- 8.4. Indirect (General) Approaches -- 8.4.1. Neuro-Developmental Treatment Methods -- Bobath Concept -- Johnstone Concept -- Rood Concept -- 8.4.2. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation -- 8.4.3. Body Image and Sensory Integration Training -- 8.4.4. Vestibular Stimulation -- 8.4.5. Hippotherapy -- 8.4.6. Hydrotherapy -- 8.4.7. Reflexology.
8.5. Conclusion -- 8.6. References -- Chapter 9 RELAXATION AND ENERGY CONVERSATION TECHNIQUES -- 9.1. Abstract -- 9.2. Introduction -- 9.3. Relaxation Techniques -- 9.3.1. Example of Respiratory Exercise -- 9.3.2. Progressive Relaxation Technique -- 9.3.3. Accelerated Progressive Relaxation Technique -- 9.3.4. Biofeedback -- 9.3.5. Autogenetic Relaxation Technique -- 9.4. Energy Conservation Techniques -- 9.5. Conclusion -- 9.6. References -- Chapter 10 CASE HISTORY: PROBLEM SOLVING -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2. CASE -- 10.3. RESULTS -- 10.4. CONCLUSION -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
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Intro -- SPASTICITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH PHYSICAL THERAPY APPLICATIONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS -- SPASTICITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH PHYSICAL THERAPY APPLICATIONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION -- References -- Chapter 2 OVERVIEW OF MS -- 2.1. Abstract -- 2.2. Introduction -- 2.3. MS And PATHOPHYSIOLOGY -- 2.4. TYPES of MS -- 2.4.2. Progressive MS -- Primary progressive MS (PPMS) -- Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS -- Progressive Relapsing MS (PRMS) -- 2.5. Symptoms of MS -- 2.5.1. Weakness -- 2.5.2. Ataxia and Balance Deficits -- Sensory Ataxia -- Vestibular Ataxia -- Cerebellar Ataxia -- 2.5.3. Fatigue -- 2.5.4. Bladder and Bowel Dysfunctions -- 2.6. DIAGNOSIS for MS -- 2.7. Medical Treatment Strategies and their Effects on Physical Therapy Applications -- 2.8. Conclusion -- 2.9. References -- Appendix 1 -- Functional Systems -- The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) -- Chapter 3 SPASTICITY -- 3.1. Abstract -- 3.2. Introduction -- 3.3. Neurophysiology of Spinal Reflexes -- 3.4. Spinal Mechanism of Spasticity -- 3.4.1. Changes in Motor-Neuron Inhibition -- Alteration of Reciprocal Ia Inhibition -- Alteration of Recurrent Inhibition -- Alteration of Autogenic Inhibition -- Fusimotor Activity -- Alteration of Cellular Levels -- Others -- 3.5. Supraspinal Mechanism of Spasticity -- 3.6. Other Characteristics of Spasticity -- 3.6.1. Clasp Knife Phenomenon -- 3.6.2. Flexor Spasms -- 3.6.3. Associated Reactions -- 3.7. Conclusion -- 3.8. References -- Chapter 4 MS AND SPASTICITY -- 4.1. Abstract -- 4.2. Introduction -- 4.3. Characteristics and Adverse Effects of Spastisity in MS Patients -- 4.4. Factors Aggravating the Severity of Spasticity -- 4.5. Conclusion -- 4.6. References -- Chapter 5 POSTURE AND BODY MECHANICS -- 5.1. Abstract -- 5.2. Introduction.

5.3. Body Segments and their Movements -- 5.3.1. Gravitational Factors and Their Effects on Posture -- 5.3.2. The Effects of Bad Posture on Body Tissues and Nervous System -- 5.4. Methods of Postural Management -- 5.5. Altrenative Therapy Techniques to Re-Educate Posture -- 5.5.1. The Alexander Technique -- 5.5.2. The Feldenkrais Method -- Awareness through Movement -- Functional Integration -- 5.5.3. Pilates -- 5.6. Conclusion -- 5.7. References -- Chapter 6 NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF FACILITATION AND INHIBITION TECHNIQUES -- 6.1. Abstract -- 6.2. Introduction -- 6.3. Proprioceptive System and Proper Stimulus -- Proper Facilitation Alternatives -- Proper Facilitation Alternatives -- Proper Facilitation Alternatives -- 6.4. Cutaneous System and Proper Stimulus -- 6.5. Types of Muscle Fiber and Physiological Features -- 6.5.1. Treatment Principles According to Muscle Types -- TONIC (POSTURAL) MUSCLES -- Clinical signs of weakness: -- PHASIC (MOVEMENT) MUSCLES -- Principles of treatment of weak muscles: -- 6.6. Conclusion -- 6.7. References -- Chapter 7 EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT AND MEASUREMENT OF SPASTICITY -- 7.1. Abstract -- 7.2. Introducton -- 7.3. Examination of a Spastic Patient -- 7.4. Primary Techniques -- 7.4.1. Clinical Scales -- Ashworth and Modified Ashworth Scale -- Tardieu Scale -- Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale -- Numeric Rating Scale -- Spasm Frequency Scale-Penn Spasm Scale -- 7.4.2. Biomechanical Measurements -- Pendulum Test -- Isokinetic Dynamometer -- 7.4.3. Neurophysiological Measurements -- Hoffmann Reflex -- H/M Ratio -- F Response - F/M Ratio -- 7.5. Secondary Measurements -- 7.6. Conclusion -- 7.7. References -- Appendicies -- APPENDIX 1 -- Ashworth Scale -- APPENDIX 2 -- Modified Ashworth Scale -- APPENDIX 3 -- Tardieu Scale -- APPENDIX 4 -- Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale (MSSS-88) -- Section 1: -- Section :2.

Section 3: -- Section 4: -- Section 5: -- Section 6: -- Section 7: -- Section 8: -- APPENDIX 5 -- Numeric Rating Scale -- APPENDIX 6 -- Spasm Frequency Scale -- APPENDIX 7 -- Penn Spasm Frequency Scale -- APPENDIX 8 -- Hacettepe University Department of Physical Therapy, Neurological Rehabilitation Unit : Spastic Patient Assessment Form -- Numeric Rating Scale -- Goniometric Measurement -- Posture Analyses -- Observational Gait Analyses -- Pathological Reflex Assessment -- Muscle Strength Test -- Total Point of Questionares -- Superficial Sensory Assessment -- Chapter 8 PHYSIOTHERAPY APPLICATIONS -- 8.1. Abstract -- 8.2 Introducton -- 8.2.1. Beginning and Early Phase (1 to 5.5 EDSS) -- 8.2.2. Middle phase (6 to 7 EDSS) -- 8.2.3. Advanced Phase (7.5 to 9.5 EDSS) -- 8.3. Direct/Local Approaches -- 8.3.1. Cold Application -- Prolonged Cold Application -- Short-Term Cold Application -- 8.3.2. Passive Exercises -- 8.3.3. Stretching -- Slow And Prolonged Stretching -- Quick Stretching -- 8.3.4. Neural Mobilization -- 8.3.5. Orthotic Devices -- Lower Extremity Orthoses -- AFOs Made of Leather and Metal -- Polypropylen AFO -- Long Leg Orthosis (Knee ankle foot orthosis (KAFO)) -- Upper Extremity Splints -- 8.3.6 Positioning -- 8.3.7. Manual Therapy -- Approximation -- Inhibitory Pressure -- Stretch Pressure and Stretch Release -- Slow Stroking -- Soft Tissue Mobilization -- Joint Mobilisation -- 8.3.8. Vibration -- 8.3.9. Electrical Stimulation -- 8.3.10. Biofeedback -- 8.3.11. Kinesiotape Application -- 8.4. Indirect (General) Approaches -- 8.4.1. Neuro-Developmental Treatment Methods -- Bobath Concept -- Johnstone Concept -- Rood Concept -- 8.4.2. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation -- 8.4.3. Body Image and Sensory Integration Training -- 8.4.4. Vestibular Stimulation -- 8.4.5. Hippotherapy -- 8.4.6. Hydrotherapy -- 8.4.7. Reflexology.

8.5. Conclusion -- 8.6. References -- Chapter 9 RELAXATION AND ENERGY CONVERSATION TECHNIQUES -- 9.1. Abstract -- 9.2. Introduction -- 9.3. Relaxation Techniques -- 9.3.1. Example of Respiratory Exercise -- 9.3.2. Progressive Relaxation Technique -- 9.3.3. Accelerated Progressive Relaxation Technique -- 9.3.4. Biofeedback -- 9.3.5. Autogenetic Relaxation Technique -- 9.4. Energy Conservation Techniques -- 9.5. Conclusion -- 9.6. References -- Chapter 10 CASE HISTORY: PROBLEM SOLVING -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2. CASE -- 10.3. RESULTS -- 10.4. CONCLUSION -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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