Intracranial Hypertension.

Intro -- INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION -- INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter I Intracranial Hypertension General Approach -- 1. General Approach and Short History -- 2. Classification of Intracranial Hypertension -- 1. Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension -- 2. Vascular Intracranial Hypertension -- 3. Intracranial Hypertension Due to Disorders of the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid Dynamics -- 4. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension -- References -- Chapter II Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology -- 1. The Cranio-Spinal Space -- 2. Nervous Parenchyma -- 3. The Ventricular System -- Lateral Ventricles -- Third Ventricle -- Aqueductus Mesencephali, Aqueduct of Sylvius or the Cerebral Aqueduct -- Fourth Ventricle -- 3. Vessels of the Brain and Cerebral Hemodynamics -- 5. Brain Blood Barrier -- Anatomic Structure -- Physiology -- Modifications of the Brain Blood Barrier -- 6. The Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Production of the Cerebrospinal Fluid -- The Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Resorption of the Cerebrospinal Fluid -- 7. Dynamics of Intracranial Fluids -- References -- Chapter III Intracranial Pressure -- 1. General Considerations -- 2. Intracranial Pressure Relationships -- 3.Intracranial Pressure Waves -- 4. Intracranial Pressure Increase -- Characteristics of Intracranial Pressure Increase -- 5. Compensating Mechanisms -- 6. Intracranial Pressure Measurement -- Intra-Ventricular Catheter -- The Subarachnoid Tubular Screw (Subarachnoid Bolt) -- Subdural Catheter -- The Fiber Optic Intracranial Pressure Sensor -- Non-invasive procedures for intracranial pressure measurement -- Choice of Monitoring System -- References -- Chapter IV Pathogenesis of Intracranial Hypertension -- 1.General Data -- 2. Modifications of the cerebral parenchyma -- Biomechanical Effects -- Brain Edema.

Brain Edema Pathogenesis and Types of Edema -- Cellular Brain Edema -- Extra-Cellular Brain Edema -- A. Hydrostatic Extra-Cellular Brain Edema -- B.Oncotical Extra-Cellular Brain Edema -- C.Hydrocephalic Extra-Cellular Brain Edema -- Mixed Brain Edema. -- 3. Alteration of Cerebrospinal Fluid -- a. Biomechanical modifications -- Hydrocephalus -- b. Biochemical changes -- 4. Cerebrovascular Reactivity -- 5. Decompensation of Intracranial Hypertension -- Brain ischemia -- Brain Herniations -- References -- Chapter V Clinical Presentation of Intracranial Hypertension -- 1. Signs and Symptoms -- 1. Cephalea -- 2. Papillary Edema and Visual Disorders -- 3. Vomiting -- 4. Psychic Disorders -- 2. ICH Syndrome in Infants and Young Children -- 3. ICH Syndrome in Old People -- References -- Chapter VI Decompensation of Intracranial Hypertension -- 1. General Data -- 2. Consciousness Disorders and Coma -- 3. Focal Neurological Deficit -- 4. Cranial Nerve Paralysis -- 5. Vegetative Disorders -- 6. Decompensated Intracranial Hypertension -- References -- Chapter VII Paraclinical Explorations -- 1. General Data -- 2. The Ophthalmologic Examination -- 3.Skull X-Ray -- 4. CT Scan -- 5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). -- 6. Intracranial Pressure Measurement -- References -- Chapter VIII Intracranial Hypertension Classification -- 1. Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension -- 2. Vascular Intracranial Hypertension -- 3. Intracranial Hypertension Due to Disorders in the Dynamics of the Cerebrospinal Fluid -- 4. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension -- References -- Chapter IX Differential Diagnosis -- 1.Clinical Differential Diagnosis -- 2.Diagnosis of Forms of Intracranial Hypertension -- 3. Diagnosis of the ICH Clinical Stage -- References -- Chapter X Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension -- General Data.

I. Acute Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension -- A. Acute Intracranial Hypertension in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Classification of Traumatic Brain Injury -- A. Immediate traumatic effects: -- B. Delayed posttraumatic effects: -- Pathogenesis of Intracranial Hypertension in Traumatic Brain Injury -- Clinical Presentation -- Paraclinical Explorations -- CT Scan -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Management and Treatment -- Intracranial Pressure Monitoring -- The Stages of the Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: -- Treatment Scheme in Case of Intracranial Pressure Increase -- First Therapeutic Measures or 1st Degree (First Line) Measures: -- Therapeutic Measures Of 2nd Degree (2nd Line): -- Third degree therapeutic measures (3rd line), -- A. Non-traumatic acute parenchymatous intracranial hypertension -- II. Progressive Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension -- General Data -- Low-grade Gliomas -- High-grade Gliomas -- Brain Metastases -- Intra-Cerebral Hematoma -- Chronic Subdural Hematoma -- Benign Intracranial Tumors -- Other Endocranial Lesions -- The Relationship between Lesion Location and ICH Occurrence -- References -- Chapter XI Vascular Intracranial Hypertension -- General Data -- Cerebral Venous Thrombosis -- Hypertensive Encephalopathy -- Ischaemic Stroke -- References -- Chapter XII Intracranial Hypertension Due to Disorders in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics -- General Data -- Disorders in Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow and Obstructive Hydrocephalus -- Clinical Presentation -- Hydrocephalus Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Intracranial Hypertension Due to Resorption Disorders -- References -- Chapter XIII Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension -- General Data -- Diagnosis Criteria -- Etiology -- Pathogenesis -- CSF resorption rate = Pressure gradient (CSF - Venous sinus) / Flow resistance,.

CSF production = Pressure gradient (CSF - Venous sinus) / Flow resistance, -- CSF pressure = CSF production x Flow resistance + Venous pressure in the sagittal sinus -- Clinical Presentation -- Paraclinical Explorations -- Differential Diagnosis -- Evolution -- Treatment -- References -- Chapter XIV Evolution and Prognosis -- References -- Chapter XV Intracranial Hypertension Treatment -- General Data -- Therapeutic Recommendations -- Etiologic Treatment -- Pathogenic Treatment -- Symptomatic Treatment -- Therapeutic Schemes in Intracranial Hypertension -- Treatment of the Brain Edema -- Decrease in CSF Secretion -- Maintaining a Normal Cerebral Blood Perfusion -- Emergency Treatment Principles in Intracranial Hypertension -- Treatment Scheme in Traumatic Acute Intracranial Hypertension -- Treatment Scheme in Intracranial Hypertension of Ischemic Stroke -- References -- Chapter XVI Intracranial Hypotension -- General Data -- Etiology -- Pathogeny -- Clinical Presentation -- Paraclinical Explorations -- Treatment -- References -- Addendum -- Index -- Blank Page.

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