Pollen : Structure, Types and Effects.

Intro -- POLLEN: STRUCTURE, TYPES AND EFFECTS -- POLLEN: STRUCTURE, TYPES AND EFFECTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 2N POLLEN FORMATION: 40 CYTOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF NUCLEAR MEIOTIC RESTITUTION -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Normal Cytoskeleton Dynamics during Pollen Mother Cells Meiotic Division -- 1.1. Cytoskeleton Cycle during First Meiosis with Successive Cytokinesis in Monocotyledonous Species -- 1.2. Cytoskeleton Cycle in Male Meiosis in Dicotyledonous Species with Simultaneous Cytokinesis -- 1.3. Simultaneous and Successive Cytokinesis Compared -- 2. Prophase Abnormalities as the Reason for Meiotic Restitution -- 2.1. Cytoskeleton Conservation in the Interphase Radial Configuration -- 2.2. Fused Spindle. Approachment of Nuclei at Prophase II of Meiosis with Simultaineous Cytokinesis in Dicotyledonous Species -- 2.3. Fused Spindle. Fusion of Cytoskeleton Perinuclear Rings at Prophase II -- 2.4. Cortical Cytoskeleton Ring and Meiotic Restitution -- 2.5. Autonomous Cytoskeleton Ring -- 2.6. Chromosome Arrest in the Zygothene ''Bouquet" Configuration: Monopolar Chromosome Migration in a Bipolar Spindle -- 3. Early Prometaphase Abnormalities Leading to Nuclear Restitution -- 3.1. Cytoskeleton Conservation in the Perinuclear Ring Configuration -- 3.2 Aberration in Straightening of Microtubules of Perinuclear Ring: C-Spindle -- 3.3 Arrest of Cytoskeleton Invading the Former Nuclear Area -- 4. Mid Prometaphase Abnormalities and Meiotic Restitution -- 4.1. Monopolar Spindle -- 4.2. Autonomous Spindle -- 4.3. Chromosomes Monopolar Migration in a Bipolar Spindle. "Comet" Phenotype -- 4.4. Fused Spindle. Approachment and Fusion of Cytoskeleton Chaotic Figures at Mid-Prometaphase II in PMCs with Simultaneous Cytokinesis in Dicots -- 5. Abnormalities of Late Prometaphase as a Meiotic Restitution Mechanism -- 5.1. Chaotic Spindle.

5.2. Spindle Disorientation at Metaphase II in the Meiosis with Simultaineous Cytokinesis in Dicots -- 6. Anaphase Abnormalities that Lead to Meiotic Restitution -- 6.1. Aberration of Anaphase Chromosome Movement -- 6.2. Spindle Shortening During Anaphase -- 7. Cytoskeleton Abnormalities at Telophase and Meiotic Restitution -- 7.1. Arrest of Basic Telophase Processes -- 7.2. Complete Arrest of Cytokinetic Processes at Early Phragmoplast Stage -- 7.3. Arrest at Early Phragmoplast Stage with Element of Centrifugal Movement: Gamma-Phenotype -- 7.4. Consolidation of Laggard Chromosomes into the Restitution Nucleus -- 7.5. Arrest of Phragmoplast Development at the Stage of Hollow Cylinder -- 7.6. Excessive Curvature of Phragmoplast Fibers during Centrifugal Movement -- 7.7. Aberration of Phragmoplast Centrifugal Movement -- 7.8. Arrest of Radial Cytoskeleton System Formation at TII (in ''Parallel Spindles'' Phenotype) in the Simultaineous Cytokinesis in the Dicot PMCs -- 7.9. Fused Spindles. Underformation of Cytoskeleton Interzonal System at Telophase I -- 7.10. Fused Spindles. Aberration of Fibers of Interzonal Cytoskeleton System -- 8. Cell Plate Abnormalities Leading to Meiotic Restitution -- 8.1. Absence of Cell Plate -- 8.2. Rotation of Phragmoplast on the Background of Cell Plate Absence -- 8.3. Aberration of Cell Plate Shape and Structure -- 8.4. Arrest of Plastosomes (Cell Plate Membrane Vesicles) Fusion -- 8.5. Longtitudinal Orientation of Cell Plate and Daughter Cell Membranes According to Division Axis -- 9. Incomplete Cytokinesis as Incisions on the Mother Cell Membrane and its Consequences -- 9.1. Assymmetrical Position of the Division Spindle and Phragmoplast -- 9.2. Spindle Curvature -- 9.3. Cytoskeleton Disorganization -- 9.4. Abnormal Phragmoplast/Cell Plate Expansion.

9.5. Under Asymmetrical Phragmoplast Movement in the Lateral Direction -- 9.6. Cell Plate Dispersion -- 9.7. In Phenotypes with Cell Plate Structure Aberrations (P. 8.3), Incomplete Cytokinesis as Incisions is a Common Phenomenon -- 9.8. Cytokinesis Correction in the Gamma-Phenotype -- 10. General Meiotic Abnormalities Leading to Restitution -- 10.1. Omission of one or Both of Meiotic Divisions -- 10.2. Equational Division of Univalents in the First Meiotic Division and Failure of Chromosomes Segregation at the Second Meiosis -- 10.3. Cytomixis -- 10.4. Cytokinesis Aberrations in the Last Premeiotic Mitosis -- 10.5. Backward Movement of Daughter Chromosome Groups from the Spindle Poles into the Cell Center -- Discussion -- Meiotic Restituion Mechanisms Typical of only Species with Successive Cytokinesis -- Meiotic Restitution Mechanisms Typical of only Species with Simultaneous Cytokinesis -- Meiotic Restitution Mechanisms Common for Mono- and Dicotyledonous Species -- General Review of Meiotic Restitution Cytoskeleton Mechanisms -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 POLLEN BIOLOGY AND HYBRIDIZATION PROCESS: OPEN PROBLEM IN WALNUT -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Juglans Regia L. (Persian or English Walnut) -- Juglans Nigra L. (Eastern Black Walnut) -- Interspecific Hybrid (Juglans × Intermedia Carr) -- Floral and Pollination Biology in Walnut -- Staminate Flower and Pollen Structure -- Pollen Viability and Conservation -- Pistillate Flower Structure and Receptivity -- Pistillate Flower Abscission (Pfa) -- Investigation of Genetic Hybridization in Walnut -- Retrospective Identification of Hybridogenic Walnut Trees -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 VARIABLE SIZED POLLEN GRAINS DUE TO IMPAIRED MALE MEIOSIS IN THE COLD DESERT PLANTS OF NORTH WEST HIMALAYAS (INDIA) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- I. Cytomixis.

II. Chromosome Stickiness -- III. Synaptic Mutants -- IV. Multiple Spindles -- V. Aberrant Cytokinesis -- VI. Syncyte Formation -- VII. Imbalanced Polyploids -- VIII. Fusion of Pollen Grains -- IX. Multiple Associations in Diploids -- X. Non Synchronous Disjunction of Bivalents -- XI. Interbivalent Connections -- XII. Other Meiotic Abnormalities -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 CAPTURE OF MALE GAMETE DYNAMICS IN POLLEN TUBES -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Male Gamete Dynamics in the Pollen Tube -- Novel Approaches for Male Gamete Analysis in the -- Pollen Tube -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 SUNFLOWER POLLEN: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Flowering Biology, Anther Development and Pollen Formation in a Fertile Sunflower -- Development of Anthers and Forming of Pollen During Different Types of Sunflower Male Sterility -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 REGULATION OF POLLEN FERTILITY IN THE „9E‟-CMS-INDUCING CYTOPLASM OF SORGHUM: INTERACTION OF PLANT GENOTYPE WITH ENVIRONMENT -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pollen Development in CMS-Lines with '9E' Cytoplasm -- Pollen Development in F1 Hybrids with Restored Male Fertility -- Effect of Plant Water Availability on Fertility Restoration in the '9E' Cytoplasm -- Effect of Photoperiod Length -- Heritability of Reversion to Male Fertility Induced by Environmental Conditions -- Selection of Gene Combinations Capable to Restore Pollen Fertility in the '9E' Cytoplasm In Drought Conditions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 POLLEN DEVELOPMENT AND UBIQUITIN PROTEASOME SYSTEM -- Abstract -- I-The UPS Pathway in Plants -- The UPS Pathway, a Major Regulatory Process -- The UPS Pathway in Plants -- Expansion of the F-Box Gene Family -- II-Pollen Development -- A Tightly Regulated Development.

Does Pollen Development Require the UPS Pathway? -- The Pollen Transcriptomic Studies -- The Pollen Proteome: More Evidence for the Presence of UPS Components -- III-Genetic Studies and Definitive Proofs for the Role of UPS in Pollen Development -- Proteasome and Pollen -- Deubiquitin Enzymes -- E3 Ligases and Pollen Development -- IV-Ways to Explore -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 POLLEN VIGOR AND SEED PRODUCTION IN SYMPATRIC POPULATION OF TWO ORCHID SPECIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Hybridization and Speciation in Plants -- Hybrid Reproduction and Apomixia -- Interference of Seed Production by Heterospecific Pollen -- Experiments and Results -- Study Site -- Study Species -- Pollen Viability in Putative D. incarnata ( D. fuchsii Hybrids -- Seed Germination -- Seed Production in Hybrid Plants -- Production of Apomictic Seed Following Stigma Stimulation Treatments -- Interference of Fertilization in the Parental Plant (D. incarnata) by Hybrid Pollen -- Conclusion -- Production of F1 Hybrid Seed Following Controlled Crossing of D. incarnata and D. fuchsii -- Male and Female Fitness in Hybrid Plants -- Apomixia in Dactylorhiza -- Interference of Fertilization in the Parental Species by Hybrid Pollen -- Speciation and Conservation of Dactylorhiza -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 MICROSPORES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN BASIC AND APPLIED PLANT SCIENCES -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Developmental Pathways of In Vitro Isolated Microspores -- Stress as Trigger to Induce Microspore Embryogenesis -- Identification of Embryogenic Microspores -- Microspore-Derived Albino Plants -- Gene Expression during Induction of Microspore Embryogenesis -- Microspore Embryogenesis and Doulbed Haploids in Plant Breeding -- Microspore Embryogenesis as a Tool for Mutagenesis and Mutant Selection.

Microspore Embryogenesis and Doubled Haploids are Core for Reverse Breeding.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.