Humidity Sensors : Types, Nanomaterials and Environmental Monitoring.

Intro -- HUMIDITY SENSORS: TYPES, NANOMATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING -- HUMIDITY SENSORS: TYPES, NANOMATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 WATER VAPOUR SORPTION AND HUMIDITY - A SURVEY ON MEASURING METHODS AND STANDARDS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WATER STRUCTURES -- Water in the Gaseous Phase -- Water in Liquids -- Water Near Solid Surfaces -- 3. AIR AND GAS HUMIDITY -- Historical -- Definitions -- Measuring Methods of Air Humidity -- Hygrometry -- Psychrometry -- Dew Point Hygrometry -- Radiometry and LIDAR Hygrometry -- 4. HUMIDITY OF LIQUIDS -- 5. MOISTURE OF SOLID MATERIALS -- Historical -- Material Moisture Measuring Methods -- Drying Methods -- Drying at Elevated Temperature -- Vacuum Drying -- Drying by Means of Desiccants -- Cold Trap Drying -- Gas Flow Drying -- Freeze Drying, Lyophilization -- Solvent Exchange -- Gravimetric Measurement of Material Moisture -- Measurement of Water Sorption Isotherms -- Calorimetrical Measurements -- Chemical Methods for Determination of Water Content -- Capacitance Measurements -- Measurement of Material Moisture Via the Gas Phase -- Shortening of the Measuring Time -- 6. EXTRATERRESTRIAL WATER -- Moon -- Mars -- 7. STANDARDIZATION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIO-MEDICAL APPLICATIONS USING QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE (QCM) HUMIDITY SENSORS MODIFIED WITH NANO-ASSEMBLED THIN FILMS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PREPARATION OF HUMIDITY SENSING FILMS -- 2.1. Surface Treatment of Substrates before Film Deposition -- 2.2. Deposition of Sensor Films -- 3. RELATIVE HUMIDITY RESPONSE -- 4. THICKNESS DEPENDENCE -- 5. HUMIDITY SENSING MECHANISM -- 6. REAL-LIFE MEASUREMENTS AND FILM STABILITY -- 7. RESPIRATORY MEASUREMENTS BASED ON HUMIDITY SENSING -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 3 HOLOGRAPHIC HUMIDITY SENSORS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACKGROUND -- 2.1. Holographic Sensors -Principle of Operation and Types -- 2.2. Transmission Holograms -- 2.2.1. Recording and Probing Geometry -- 2.2.2 Factors Influencing the Properties of the Sensors Based on Transmission Holograms -- Refractive Index Modulation -- Variation of the Thickness of the Hologram -- Variation of the Probe Beam Wavelength -- Change in the Bragg Angle -- 2.3. Reflection Holograms -- 2.3.1. Recording and Probing Geometry -- 2.3.2. Factors Influencing the Properties of the Sensors -- Average Refractive Index Change -- Grating Period Change -- Angle of Observation -- 3. REVERSIBLE HOLOGRAPHIC HUMIDITY SENSOR BASED ON A REFLECTION HOLOGRAM -- 3.1. Preparation and Methods for Characterisation of the Holograms -- 3.1.1. Photopolymer Layer Preparation -- 3.1.2. Recording of the Holographic Optical Element -- 3.1.3. Measurement of the Spectral Response -- 3.1.4. Measurement of the Response Time -- 3.2. Range of Operation of the Humidity Sensor -- 3.2.1. Characterisation of the Range of Operation -- 3.2.2. Controlling the Range of Operation -- Thermal Treatment of the Layers at Elevated Temperatures -- Variation of the Humidity at the Recording Step -- 3.3. Temperature Dependence -- 3.4. Response Time -- 3.4.1. Characterisation of the Response Time -- 3.4.2. Control of the Response Time of the Sensor -- 3.5. Reversibility -- 3.7.1. Characterisation of the Viewing Angle -- 3.7.2. Colour Calibration of the Sensor -- 5. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF HOLOGRAPHIC HUMIDITY SENSORS -- 5.1. Humidity Sensing: -- 5.2. Security Holograms, Authentication -- 6. CONCLUSION -- 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 8. REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 SURFACE MODIFIED ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBROUS MEMBRANES FOR HUMIDITY DETECTION BASED ON QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE TECHNIQUE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION.

EXPERIMENTAL -- Preparation of Polymer Solutions -- Fabrication of Sensing Membranes on QCM -- Apparatus for Humidity Sensing -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Morphology of Sensing Membranes -- Effect of the Type of Polyelectrolytes -- Effect of the Coating Load of PEI -- Effect of the Coating Load of CS -- Humidity Hysteresis and Response Time -- Kinetic Analyses Using Modified Langmuir Model -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 MONITORING RELATIVE HUMIDITY USING ZNO BASED FILM BULK ACOUSTIC-WAVE RESONATOR -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FILM BULK ACOUSTIC-WAVE RESONATOR -- FBAR RH SENSOR -- EXPERIMENT RESULTS -- INFLUENCE OF ULTRAVIOLET ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FBAR RH SENSOR -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

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