Economics of Biotechnology.

Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Changing Technology -- 1.2 Modern Biotechnology -- 1.3 Organizational Issues -- 1.4 Patents and IPRs -- 1.5 Market Structure -- 1.6 Ethical and Environmental Concerns -- 1.7 Government Policy -- 1.8 Looking Ahead -- Chapter 2 Organizational Structure -- 2.1 The Scope -- 2.2 Knowledge Intensity -- 2.3 Biotechnology Knowledge -- 2.4 Network Organization -- 2.5 Nature of Contracts -- 2.6 Sharing Fixed Costs -- 2.7 Economic Consequences -- 2.8 Other Aspects -- Chapter 3 IPRs and Patents -- 3.1 Why Protection? -- 3.2 Patents as Protection -- 3.3 Biotechnology Patents -- 3.4 IPR Agreements -- 3.5 TRIPS Agreement -- 3.6 Consequences of Protection -- 3.7 Issues of Concern -- 3.8 Modifications to Patent Regime -- Chapter 4 Investment and Financing -- 4.1 The Issues -- 4.2 Role of Public Investment -- 4.3 R&amp -- D in Scientific Knowledge -- 4.4 Risks of R&amp -- D -- 4.5 Complementary R&amp -- D -- 4.6 Agricultural Extension Services -- 4.7 Bioprocessing -- 4.8 Physical Capital -- 4.9 Financing Constraints -- 4.10 Further Considerations -- Chapter 5 Demand, Cost and Productivity -- 5.1 The Background -- 5.2 Patterns of Demand -- 5.3 Productivity -- 5.4 Variable Costs -- 5.5 Welfare Effects -- 5.6 Summing Up -- Chapter 6 Market Structure and Pricing -- 6.1 Nature of Markets -- 6.2 Defining Market Concentration -- 6.3 Sources of Concentration -- 6.4 Monopoly Power and Pricing -- 6.5 Differential Pricing -- 6.6 Dynamic Pricing -- 6.7 In Retrospect -- Chapter 7 Ethics and Environment -- 7.1 Issues at Stake -- 7.2 Ethical Issues -- 7.3 Environmental Issues -- 7.4 Ethical Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology -- 7.5 Ethical Issues in Drug Development -- 7.6 Environmental Issues -- 7.7 International Conventions -- 7.8 Lessons and Control -- Chapter 8 Government Policy -- 8.1 An Overview.

8.2 Scientific R&amp -- D -- 8.3 Scientist vs. NBF Contract -- Chapter 9 Conclusion -- 9.1 The Technology -- 9.2 Organizational Aspects -- 9.3 Product Profiles and Markets -- 9.4 Negative effects -- 9.5 Steady State -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 Technical Terms -- Appendix 2 Economic Concepts -- Appendix 3 Mathematical Background -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.